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D. Bloch

Publications and source records attributed to D. Bloch.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

Spectrally Sharp Near-Field Thermal Emission: Revealing Some Disagreements between a Casimir-Polder Sensor and Predictions from Far-Field Emittance

Near-field thermal emission largely exceed blackbody radiation, owing to spectrally sharp emission in surface polaritons. We turn Casimir-Polder interaction between Cs(7P1/2) and a sapphire interface, into a sensor sharply filtering, at 24.687 THz, the near-field sapphire emission at ~ 24.5 THz. Temperature evolution of sapphire mode is demonstrated. The Cs sensor, sensitive to both dispersion and dissipation, suggests the polariton to be red-shifted and sharper, as compared, up to 1100 K, to predictions from far-field sapphire emission, affected by birefringence and multiple resonances.

physics.optics

Linear probing of molecules at micrometric distances from a surface with sub-Doppler frequency resolution

We report on precision spectroscopy of sub-wavelength confined molecular gases. This was obtained by rovibrational selective reflection of $\mathrm{NH_3}$ and $\mathrm{SF_6}$ gases using a quantum cascade laser at $λ\approx 10.6 μm$. Our technique probes molecules at micrometric distances ($\approx λ/2π$) from the window of a macroscopic cell with sub-MHz resolution, allowing molecule-surface interaction spectroscopy. We exploit the linearity and high-resolution of our technique to gain novel spectroscopic information on the $\mathrm{SF_6}$ greenhouse gas, useful for enriching molecular databases. The natural extension of our work to thin-cells will allow compact frequency references and improved measurements of the Casimir-Polder interaction with molecules.

physics.optics

The Surface response around a sharply resonant surface polariton mode is simply a Lorentzian

At the planar interface between a material and vacuum, the complex surface response S(omega)=[eps(omega) 1]/[eps(omega)+1], with eps(omega) the relative complex dielectric permittivity of the material, exhibit resonances, typical of the surface polariton modes, when eps(omega) ~ 1. We show that for a moderately sharp resonance, S(omega) is satisfactorily described with a mere (complex) Lorentzian, independently of the details affecting the various bulk resonances describing ) eps(omega). Remarkably, this implies a quantitative correlation between the resonant behaviors of Re[S(omega)] and Im[S(omega)], respectively associated to dispersive and dissipative effects in the surface near-field. We show that this "strong resonance" approximation easily applies, and discuss its limits, based upon published data for sapphire, CaF2 and BaF2. Extension to interfaces between two media or to a non planar interface is briefly considered.

physics.optics

Velocity preserving transfer between highly excited atomic states: Black Body Radiation and Collisions

We study the excitation redistribution from cesium $7\mathrm{P}_{1/2}$ or $7\mathrm{P}_{3/2}$ to neighboring energy levels by Black Body Radiation (BBR) and inter atomic collisions using pump-probe spectroscopy inside a vapor cell. At low vapor densities we measure redistribution of the initial, velocity-selected, atomic excitation by BBR. This preserves the selected atomic velocities allowing us to perform high resolution spectroscopy of the $\mathrm{6D\rightarrow 7F}$ transitions. This transfer mechanism could also be used to perform sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the cesium highly-excited $\mathrm{nG}$ levels. At high densities we observe interatomic collisions redistributing the excitation within the cesium $\mathrm{7P}$ fine and hyperfine structure. We show that $\mathrm{7P}$ redistribution involves state-changing collisions that preserve the initial selection of atomic velocities. These redistribution mechanisms can be of importance for experiments probing high lying excited states in dense alkali vapor.

physics.atom-ph

Standard Model Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

The successful operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent performance of the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and ALICE detectors in Run-1 and Run-2 with $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV as well as the giant leap in precision calculations and modeling of fundamental interactions at hadron colliders have allowed an extraordinary breadth of physics studies including precision measurements of a variety physics processes. The LHC results have so far confirmed the validity of the Standard Model of particle physics up to unprecedented energy scales and with great precision in the sectors of strong and electroweak interactions as well as flavour physics, for instance in top quark physics. The upgrade of the LHC to a High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC) at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity will probe the Standard Model with even greater precision and will extend the sensitivity to possible anomalies in the Standard Model, thanks to a ten-fold larger data set, upgraded detectors and expected improvements in the theoretical understanding. This document summarises the physics reach of the HL-LHC in the realm of strong and electroweak interactions and top quark physics, and provides a glimpse of the potential of a possible further upgrade of the LHC to a 27 TeV $pp$ collider, the High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), assumed to accumulate an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$.

hep-ph

Beyond the Standard Model Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

This is the third out of five chapters of the final report [1] of the Workshop on Physics at HL-LHC, and perspectives on HE-LHC [2]. It is devoted to the study of the potential, in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, of the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the LHC, defined as $3~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of $14~\mathrm{TeV}$, and of a possible future upgrade, the High Energy (HE) LHC, defined as $15~\mathrm{ab}^{-1}$ of data at a centre-of-mass energy of $27~\mathrm{TeV}$. We consider a large variety of new physics models, both in a simplified model fashion and in a more model-dependent one. A long list of contributions from the theory and experimental (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) communities have been collected and merged together to give a complete, wide, and consistent view of future prospects for BSM physics at the considered colliders. On top of the usual standard candles, such as supersymmetric simplified models and resonances, considered for the evaluation of future collider potentials, this report contains results on dark matter and dark sectors, long lived particles, leptoquarks, sterile neutrinos, axion-like particles, heavy scalars, vector-like quarks, and more. Particular attention is placed, especially in the study of the HL-LHC prospects, to the detector upgrades, the assessment of the future systematic uncertainties, and new experimental techniques. The general conclusion is that the HL-LHC, on top of allowing to extend the present LHC mass and coupling reach by $20-50\%$ on most new physics scenarios, will also be able to constrain, and potentially discover, new physics that is presently unconstrained. Moreover, compared to the HL-LHC, the reach in most observables will generally more than double at the HE-LHC, which may represent a good candidate future facility for a final test of TeV-scale new physics.

hep-ph

Higgs Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, was a success achieved with only a percent of the entire dataset foreseen for the LHC. It opened a landscape of possibilities in the study of Higgs boson properties, Electroweak Symmetry breaking and the Standard Model in general, as well as new avenues in probing new physics beyond the Standard Model. Six years after the discovery, with a conspicuously larger dataset collected during LHC Run 2 at a 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy, the theory and experimental particle physics communities have started a meticulous exploration of the potential for precision measurements of its properties. This includes studies of Higgs boson production and decays processes, the search for rare decays and production modes, high energy observables, and searches for an extended electroweak symmetry breaking sector. This report summarises the potential reach and opportunities in Higgs physics during the High Luminosity phase of the LHC, with an expected dataset of pp collisions at 14 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 ab$^{-1}$. These studies are performed in light of the most recent analyses from LHC collaborations and the latest theoretical developments. The potential of an LHC upgrade, colliding protons at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV and producing a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$^{-1}$, is also discussed.

hep-ph

Off-axis retrieval of orbital angular momentum of light stored in cold atoms

We report on the storage of orbital angu- lar momentum (OAM) of light of a Laguerre-Gaussian mode in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms and its re- trieval along an axis different from the incident light beam. We employed a time-delayed four-wave mixing configuration to demonstrate that at small angle (2o), after storage, the retrieved beam carries the same OAM as the one encoded in the input beam. A calculation based on mode decomposition of the retrieved beam over the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is in agreement with the experimental observations done at small angle values. However, the calculation shows that the OAM retrieving would get lost at larger angles, reducing the fidelity of such storing-retrieving process. In addition, we have also observed that by applying an external magnetic field to the atomic ensemble the retrieved OAM presents Larmor oscillations, demonstrating the possibility of its manipulation and off-axis retrieval.

quant-ph

Sub-Doppler resonances in the back-scattered light from random porous media infused with Rb vapor

We report on the observation of sub-Doppler resonances on the back-scattered light from a random porous glass medium with rubidium vapor filling its interstices. The sub-Doppler spectral lines are the consequence of saturated absorption where the incident laser beam saturates the atomic medium and the back-scattered light probes it. Some specificities of the observed spectra reflect the transient atomic evolution under confinement inside the pores. Simplicity, robustness and potential miniaturization are appealing features of this system as a spectroscopic reference.

physics.atom-ph

Detecting of photons in optical fields of complicated spatial structure

We show that a photon detector, sensitive to the gradients of electromagnetic fields, or to magnetic fields, should be a useful tool to characterize the quantum properties of spatially-dependent optical fields. We discuss the excitation of an atom on a magnetic dipole or electric quadrupole transitions with the spiral photons of a Laguerre-Gauss (LG) or Bessel beams. We show that these beams are not true hollow beams, due to the presence of magnetic fields and gradients of electric fields on beam axis. This approach paves the way to an analysis at the quantum level of the spatial structure and angular momentum properties of singular light beams.

quant-ph

Detection of Spiral photons in Quantum Optics

We show that a new type of photon detector, sensitive to the gradients of electromagnetic fields, should be a useful tool to characterize the quantum properties of spatially-dependent optical fields. As a simple detector of such a kind, we propose using magnetic dipole or electric quadrupole transitions in atoms or molecules and apply it to the detection of spiral photons in Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams. We show that LG beams are not true hollow beams, due to the presence of magnetic fields and gradients of electric fields on beam axis. This approach paves the way to an analysis at the quantum level of the spatial structure and angular momentum properties of singular light beams.

quant-ph

Saturation effects in the sub-Doppler spectroscopy of Cesium vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell

Saturation effects affecting absorption and fluorescence spectra of an atomic vapor confined in an Extremely Thin Cell (cell thickness $L < 1 μm$) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study is performed on the $D_{2}$ line ($λ~= ~852 nm)$ of $Cs$ and concentrates on the two situations $L = λ/2$ and $L =λ$, the most contrasted ones with respect to the length dependence of the coherent Dicke narrowing. For $L = λ/2$, the Dicke-narrowed absorption profile simply broadens and saturates in amplitude when increasing the light intensity, while for $L =λ$, sub-Doppler dips of reduced absorption at line-center appear on the broad absorption profile. For a fluorescence detection at $L =λ$, saturation induces narrow dips, but only for hyperfine components undergoing a population loss through optical pumping. These experimental results are interpreted with the help of the various existing models, and are compared with numerical calculations based upon a two-level modelling that considers both a closed and an open system.

physics.class-ph

Converting the reset

We give a simple algorithm to incorporate the effects of resets in convertible bond prices, without having to add an extra factor to take into account the value of the reset. Furthermore we show that the effect of a notice period, and additional make-whole features, can be treated in a straightforward and simple manner. Although we present these results with the stockprice driven by geometric Brownian and a deterministic interest term structure, our results can be extended to more general cases, e.g. stochastic interest rates.

cond-mat