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D. Mazin

Publications and source records attributed to D. Mazin.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

Simultaneous multi-frequency observation of the unknown redshift blazar PG 1553+113 in March-April 2008

The blazar PG 1553+113 is a well known TeV gamma-ray emitter. In this paper, we determine its spectral energy distribution using simultaneous multi-frequency data in order to study its emission processes. An extensive campaign was carried out between March and April 2008, where optical, X-ray, high-energy (HE) gamma-ray, and very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray data were obtained with the KVA, Abastumani, REM, RossiXTE/ASM, AGILE and MAGIC telescopes, respectively. This is the first simultaneous broad-band (i.e., HE+VHE) gamma-ray observation, though AGILE did not detect the source. We combine data to derive source's spectral energy distribution and interpret its double peaked shape within the framework of a synchrotron self compton model

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MAGIC observation of the GRB080430 afterglow

Context: Gamma-ray bursts are cosmological sources emitting radiation from the gamma-rays to the radio band. Substantial observational efforts have been devoted to the study of gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase, i.e. the initial burst of high-energy radiation, and during the long-lasting afterglows. In spite of many successes in interpreting these phenomena, there are still several open key questions about the fundamental emission processes, their energetics and the environment. Aim: Independently of specific gamma-ray burst theoretical recipes, spectra in the GeV/TeV range are predicted to be remarkably simple, being satisfactorily modeled with power-laws, and therefore offer a very valuable tool to probe the extragalactic background light distribution. Furthermore, the simple detection of a component at very-high energies, i.e. at $\sim 100$\,GeV, would solve the ambiguity about the importance of various possible emission processes, which provide barely distinguishable scenarios at lower energies. Methods: We used the results of the MAGIC telescope observation of the moderate resdhift ($z\sim0.76$) \object{GRB\,080430} at energies above about 80\,GeV, to evaluate the perspective for late-afterglow observations with ground based GeV/TeV telescopes. Results: We obtained an upper limit of $F_{\rm 95%\,CL} = 5.5 \times 10^{-11}$\,erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for the very-high energy emission of \object{GRB\,080430}, which cannot set further constraints on the theoretical scenarios proposed for this object also due to the difficulties in modeling the low-energy afterglow. Nonetheless, our observations show that Cherenkov telescopes have already reached the required sensitivity to detect the GeV/TeV emission of GRBs at moderate redshift ($z \lesssim 0.8$), provided the observations are carried out at early times, close to the onset of their afterglow phase.

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MAGIC Gamma-ray Telescope Observation of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies: implications for cosmic rays, dark matter, and NGC1275

The Perseus galaxy cluster was observed by the MAGIC Cherenkov telescope for a total effective time of 24.4 hr during 2008 November and December. The resulting upper limits on the gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV are in the range of 4.6 to 7.5 x 10^{-12} cm^{-2} s^{-1} for spectral indices from -1.5 to -2.5, thereby constraining the emission produced by cosmic rays, dark matter annihilations, and the central radio galaxy NGC1275. Results are compatible with cosmological cluster simulations for the cosmic-ray-induced gamma-ray emission, constraining the average cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure to <4% for the cluster core region (<8% for the entire cluster). Using simplified assumptions adopted in earlier work (a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.1, constant cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure for the peripheral cluster regions while accounting for the adiabatic contraction during the cooling flow formation), we would limit the ratio of cosmic ray-to-thermal energy to E_CR/E_th<3%. The upper limit also translates into a level of gamma-ray emission from possible annihilations of the cluster dark matter (the dominant mass component) that is consistent with boost factors of ~10^4 for the typically expected dark matter annihilation-induced emission. Finally, the upper limits obtained for the gamma-ray emission of the central radio galaxy NGC1275 are consistent with the recent detection by the Fermi-LAT satellite. Due to the extremely large Doppler factors required for the jet, a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model is implausible in this case. We reproduce the observed spectral energy density by using the structured jet (spine-layer) model which has previously been adopted to explain the high-energy emission of radio galaxies.

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Pinpointing the TeV gamma-ray emission region in M87 using TeV and 43 GHz radio monitoring

The TeV radio galaxy M87 is the first radio galaxy detected in the TeV regime. The structure of its jet, which is not pointing towards our line of sight, is spatially resolved in X-ray (by Chandra), optical and radio observations. In 2008, the three main Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope observatories VERITAS, MAGIC and H.E.S.S. coordinated their observations in a joint campaign from January to May with a total observation time of approx. 120 hours. In February, strong and rapid day-scale TeV flares were detected. VLBA monitoring observations during the same period showed that the 43 GHz radio flux density of the unresolved core began to rise at the time of the TeV flares and eventually reached levels above any previously seen with VLBI. New jet components appeared during the flare. The localization accuracy of the TeV instruments of many arcseconds, even for strong sources, is inadequate to constrain the origin of the emission in the inner jets of AGNs. For M87, with a 6 billion solar mass black hole and a distance of 16.7 Mpc, the VLBA resolution instead corresponds to 30 by 60 Schwarzschild radii. This is starting to resolve the jet collimation region. The temporal coincidence of the TeV and radio flares indicates that they are related and provides the first direct evidence that the TeV radiation from this source is produced within a few tens of RS of the radio core, thought to be coincident to within the VLBA resolution with the black hole.

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Correlated X-ray and Very High Energy emission in the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303

The discovery of very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitting X-ray binaries has triggered an intense effort to better understand the particle acceleration, absorption, and emission mechanisms in compact binary systems, which provide variable conditions along eccentric orbits. Despite this, the nature of some of these systems, and of the accelerated particles producing the VHE emission, is unclear. To answer some of these open questions, we conducted a multiwavelength campaign of the VHE gamma-ray emitting X-ray binary LS I +61 303 including the MAGIC telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift during 60% of an orbit in 2007 September. We detect a simultaneous outburst at X-ray and VHE bands, with the peak at phase 0.62 and a similar shape at both wavelengths. A linear fit to the simultaneous X-ray/VHE pairs obtained during the outburst yields a correlation coefficient of r=0.97, while a linear fit to all simultaneous pairs provides r=0.81. Since a variable absorption of the VHE emission towards the observer is not expected for the data reported here, the correlation found indicates a simultaneity in the emission processes. Assuming that they are dominated by a single particle population, either hadronic or leptonic, the X-ray/VHE flux ratio favors leptonic models. This fact, together with the detected photon indices, suggests that in LS I +61 303 the X-rays are the result of synchrotron radiation of the same electrons that produce VHE emission as a result of inverse Compton scattering of stellar photons.

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MAGIC Collaboration: Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2009)

Index entry listing the contributed papers of the MAGIC collaboration to the 31th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2009), July 7-15 2009, Łódź, Poland. The individual papers are sorted by subject: Overview and Highlight Papers; MAGIC-II Status and Components; Software and Analysis Techniques; Technical Developments; Scientific Results. This HTML document includes clickable links to the papers that exist on the astro-ph arXiv. We hope that this will make it easy to access the MAGIC contributions in a systematic way.

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A first joint M87 campaign in 2008 from radio to TeV gamma-rays

M87, the central galaxy of the Virgo cluster, is the first radio galaxy detected in the TeV regime. The structure of its jet, which is not pointing toward the line of sight, is spatially resolved in X-ray (by Chandra), in optical and in radio observations. Time correlation between the TeV flux and emission at other wavelengths provides a unique opportunity to localize the very high energy gamma-ray emission process occurring in AGN. For 10 years, M87 has been monitored in the TeV band by atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In 2008, the three main atmospheric Cherenkov telescope observatories (H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS) coordinated their observations in a joint campaign from January to May with a total observation time of approx. 120 hours. The campaign largely overlapped with an intensive VLBA project monitoring the core of M87 at 43 GHz every 5 days. In February, high TeV activities with rapid flares have been detected. Contemporaneously, M87 was observed with high spatial resolution instruments in X-rays (Chandra). We discuss the results of the joint observation campaign in 2008.

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MARS, the MAGIC Analysis and Reconstruction Software

With the commissioning of the second MAGIC gamma-ray Cherenkov telescope situated close to MAGIC-I, the standard analysis package of the MAGIC collaboration, MARS, has been upgraded in order to perform the stereoscopic reconstruction of the detected atmospheric showers. MARS is a ROOT-based code written in C++, which includes all the necessary algorithms to transform the raw data recorded by the telescopes into information about the physics parameters of the observed targets. An overview of the methods for extracting the basic shower parameters is presented, together with a description of the tools used in the background discrimination and in the estimation of the gamma-ray source spectra.

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MWL observations of VHE blazars in 2006

In 2006 the MAGIC telescope observed the well known very high energy (VHE, > 80 GeV) blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 in the course of multi-wavelength campaigns, comprising measurements in the optical, X-ray and VHE regime. MAGIC performed additional snapshot observations on Mrk 421 around the MWL campaigns and detected the source each night with high significance, establishing once more flux variability on nightly scales for this object. For certain nights, the integral flux exceeded the one of Crab significantly, whereas the truly simultaneous observations have been conducted in a rather low flux state. The MAGIC observations contemporaneous to XMM-Newton revealed clear intra-night variability. No significant correlation between the spectral index and the flux could be found for the nine days of observations. The VHE observations of Mrk 501 have been conducted during one of the lowest flux states ever measured by MAGIC for this object. The VHE and optical light curves do not show significant variability, whereas the flux in X-rays increased by about 50 %. In this contribution, the results of the MAGIC observations will be presented in detail.

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Discovery of Very High Energy gamma-rays from the blazar S5 0716+714

The MAGIC collaboration reports the detection of the blazar S50716+714 (redshift uncertain) in very high energy gamma-rays. The observations were performed in November 2007 and in April 2008, and were triggered by the KVA telescope due to the high optical state of the object. The blazar S50716+714 is the third low frequency BL Lac detected at energies above 100 GeV until today. Here, we present the results of the MAGIC observations.

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High zenith angle observations of PKS 2155-304 with the MAGIC telescope

The high frequency peaked BL Lac PKS 2155-304 with a redshift z=0.116 was discovered 1997 in the VHE range by the University of Durham Mark 6 gamma-ray telescope in Australia with a flux corresponding to approx. 0.2 times the Crab Nebula flux. It was later observed and detected with high significance by the Southern observatories CANGAROO and H.E.S.S. establishing this source as the best studied Southern TeV blazar. Detection from the Northern hemisphere was very difficult due to challenging observation conditions under large zenith angles. In July 2006, the H.E.S.S. collaboration reported an extraordinary outburst of VHE gamma-emission. During the outburst, the VHE gamma-ray emission was found to be variable on the time scales of minutes and at a mean flux of approx. 7 times the flux observed from the Crab Nebula. The MAGIC collaboration operates a 17m imaging air Cherenkov Telescope at La Palma (Northern Hemisphere). Follow up observations of the extraordinary outburst have been triggered in a Target of Opportunity program by an alert from the H.E.S.S. collaboration. The measured spectrum and light curve are presented.

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The strong flaring activity of M87 in early 2008 as observed by the MAGIC telescope

M87 is the first known radio galaxy to emit very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays. During a monitoring program of M87, a rapid flare in VHE gamma-rays was detected by the MAGIC telescope in early 2008. The flux was found to be variable on a timescale as short as 1 day, reaching 15% of the Crab Nebula flux above 350 GeV. In contrast, the flux at lower energies (150 GeV to 350 GeV) is compatible with being constant. We present light curves and energy spectra, and argue that the observed day-scale flux variability favours the M87 core as source of the gamma-ray emission rather than the bright know HST-1 in the jet of M87.

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The readout system of the MAGIC-II Cherenkov Telescope

In this contribution we describe the hardware, firmware and software components of the readout system of the MAGIC-II Cherenkov telescope on the Canary island La Palma. The PMT analog signals are transmitted by means of optical fibers from the MAGIC-II camera to the 80 m away counting house where they are routed to the new high bandwidth and fully programmable receiver boards (MONSTER), which convert back the signals from optical to electrical ones. Then the signals are split, one half provide the input signals for the level ONE trigger system while the other half is sent to the digitizing units. The fast Cherenkov pulses are sampled by low-power Domino Ring Sampler chips (DRS2) and temporarily stored in an array of 1024 capacitors. Signals are sampled at the ultra-fast speed of 2 GSample/s, which allows a very precise measurement of the signal arrival times in all pixels. They are then digitized with 12-bit resolution by an external ADC readout at 40 MHz speed. The Domino samplers are integrated in the newly designed mezzanines which equip a set of fourteen multi-purpose PULSAR boards. Finally, the data are sent through an S-LINK optical interface to a single computer. The entire DAQ hardware is controlled through a VME interface and steered by the slow control software program (MIR). The Data AcQuisition software program (DAQ) proceeds finally to the event building and data storage.

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Constraints on Extragalactic Background Light from Cherenkov telescopes: status and perspectives for the next 5 years

Very high energy (VHE, E > 30 GeV) gamma-rays are absorbed via interaction with low-energy photons from the extragalactic background light (EBL) if the involved photon energies are above the threshold for electron-positron pair creation. The VHE gamma-ray absorption, which is energy dependent and increases strongly with redshift, distorts the VHE energy spectra observed from distant objects. The observed energy spectra of the AGNs carry therefore an imprint of the EBL. Recent detections of hard spectra of distant blazars (z = 0.11 - 0.54) by H.E.S.S. and MAGIC put strong constraints on the EBL density in the optical to near infrared waveband. It is, however, not yet possible to distinguish between an intrinsic softening of blazar spectra and a softening caused by the interaction with low energy EBL photons. In this paper, we give an overview of the EBL constraints, their limitations and perspectives for the joint efforts of the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space telescope and imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes.

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First stars and the extragalactic background light: How recent gamma-ray observations constrain the early universe

The formation of the first stars (Population III; PopIII) marks the end of the dark ages of the universe, a subject of lively scientific debate. Not (yet) accessible to direct observations, this early stage of the universe is mostly studied via theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. An indirect window is provided by integrated present day observables such as the metal abundance or the diffuse extragalactic photon fields. We aim to derive constraints on the properties of the PopIII and low metallicity Population II (LM PopII) stars utilizing limits on the density of the extragalactic background light (EBL), recently derived from very-high-energy (E > 100 GeV; VHE) observations. A model calculation for the evolving EBL density produced by PopIII/LM PopII stars is presented. The model utilizes stellar population spectra (SPS) for zero and low metallicity stars and accounts for the changing emission of an aging stellar population. Emission from the dense HII regions surrounding the stars (nebula) is included. The resulting EBL density for different scenarios (metallicity, star formation rate, initial mass function) is compared to the limit on the EBL density. The potential for detecting a cut-off in HE/VHE spectra is discussed. Assuming a maximum contribution from PopIII/LM PopII stars to the EBL density of 5 nW m^-2 s-1 at 2 micrometer a limit on the star formation rate (SFR) of the first stars of 0.3 to 3 M_solar Mpc^-3 yr^-1 in the redshift range 7 - 14 is derived. The limit depends on the assumed shape of the SFR and metallicity.

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Discovery of very high energy gamma-rays from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 with the MAGIC telescope

3C 279 is one of the best studied flat spectrum radio quasars located at a comparatively large redshift of z = 0.536. Observations in the very high energy band of such distant sources were impossible until recently due to the expected steep energy spectrum and the strong gamma-ray attenuation by the extragalactic background light photon field, which conspire to make the source visible only with a low energy threshold. Here the detection of a significant gamma-ray signal from 3C 279 at very high energies (E > 75 GeV) during a flare in early 2006 is reported. Implications of its energy spectrum on the current understanding of the extragalactic background light and very high energy gamma-ray emission mechanism models are discussed.

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Intrinsic absorption in 3C 279 at GeV-TeV energies and consequences for estimates of the EBL

We revisit the limits of the level of the extragalactic background light (EBL) recently reported by the MAGIC collaboration based on the observed gamma-ray spectrum of the quasar 3C279, considering the impact of absorption of high-energy gamma-ray photons inside the broad line region (BLR) of the quasar. We use the photoionization code CLOUDY to calculate the expected optical-UV radiation field inside the BLR and the optical depth to gamma-rays for a relatively extended set of the parameters. We found that the absorption of gamma-ray photons, though important for the estimate of the true radiative output of the source, does not produce an important hardening of the spectrum of 3C279 in the energy band accessible by MAGIC, supporting the method used to infer the upper limits to the level of the EBL.

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Optical depth for VHE gamma-rays from distant sources from a generic EBL density

Very-high-energy (VHE; E>100GeV) gamma-rays from distant sources suffer attenuation through pair-production with low energy photons from the diffuse extragalactic photon fields in the ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared (FIR) (commonly referred to as Extragalactic Background Light; EBL). When modeling the intrinsic spectra of the VHE gamma-ray sources it is crucial to correctly account for the attenuation. Unfortunately, direct measurements of the EBL are difficult and the knowledge about the EBL over certain wavelength ranges is poor. To calculate the EBL attenuation usually predictions from theoretical models are used. Recently, the limits on the EBL from direct and indirect methods have narrowed down the possible EBL range and many of the previous models are in conflict with these limits. We propose a new generic EBL density (not a complete model), which is in compliance with the new EBL limits. EBL evolution with redshift is included in the calculation in a very simple but effective ad-hoc way. Properties of this generic EBL are discussed.

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