arXiv subjects

D. R. Jiang

Publications and source records attributed to D. R. Jiang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2021

Radio continuum properties of OH megamaser galaxies

We present a study of the radio continuum properties of two luminous/ultraluminous infrared galaxy samples: the OH megamaser (OHM) sample (74 objects) and the control sample (128 objects) without detected maser emission. We carried out pilot observations for 140 objects with the radio telescope RATAN-600 at 1.2, 2.3, 4.7, 8.2, 11.2, and 22.3 GHz in 2019-2021. The OHM sample has two times more flat-spectrum sources (32 per cent) than the control sample. Steep radio spectra prevail in both samples. The median spectral index at 4.7 GHz $α_{4.7}=-0.59$ for the OHM sample, and $α_{4.7}=-0.71$ for the non-OHM galaxies. We confirm a tight correlation of the far-infrared (FIR) and radio luminosities for the OHM sample. We found correlations between isotropic OH line luminosity $L_{OH}$ and the spectral index $α_{4.7}$ ($ρ$=0.26, p-val.=0.04) and between $L_{OH}$ and radio luminosity $P_{1.4}$ ($ρ$=0.35, p-val.=0.005). Reviewing subsamples of masers powered by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation revealed insignificant differences for their FIR and radio properties. Nonetheless, AGN-powered galaxies exhibit larger scatter in a range of parameters and their standard deviations. The similarities in the radio and FIR properties in the two samples are presumably caused by the presence of a significant amount of AGN sources in both samples (47 and 30 per cent in the OHM and control samples) and/or possibly by the presence of undetected OH emission sources in the control sample.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2017

Multi-frequency VLBA Polarimetry of the high-redshift GPS Quasar OQ172

Multi-frequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) polarimetry observation of the GHz-Peaked Spectrum (GPS) quasar OQ172 (J1445+0958) has been performed at 1.6, 2.2, 4.8, 8.3 and 15.3 GHz in 2005. Core-jet structures are detected in all bands with the jet strongly bent at about 3 mas from the core. The radio emission of the source is polarised at all five bands. We study the Faraday Rotation in the core and jet components at all five bands, and find good linear fits of Faraday Rotation in the core and jet components at 4.8 and 8.3 GHz. At these two frequencies, the Rotation Measure (RM) is $\sim 2000~\rm rad~m^{-2}$ in the core and $\sim 700~\rm rad~m^{-2}$ in the inner jet components and continues to decrease at the outer jet parts. We find that the depolarisation at 4.8 and 8.3 GHz might be caused by the internal medium in the source. We investigate consistency of the turnover spectra of VLBI components with the Synchrotron Self-Absorption (SSA) and Free-Free Absorption (FFA) models. Although these two models can not be easily distinguished due to the lack of low-frequency data, the physical parameters can be constrained for each model. We find that the large width of the $\rm [OIII]_{5007}$ line is likely caused by a jet interaction with a Narrow Line Region (NLR) medium. The jet bending, significant RM variations, Faraday depolarisation, spectral turnover, and broad line width of $\rm [OIII]_{5007}$ could be closely related, likely caused by the same nucleus medium, presumably NLR.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2014

Why are some BL Lacs detected by \fermi, but others not ?

By cross-correlating an archival sample of 170 BL Lacs with 2 year \fermilat AGN sample, we have compiled a sample of 100 BL Lacs with \fermi detection (FBLs), and a sample of 70 non-\fermi BL Lacs (NFBLs). We compared various parameters of FBLs with those of NFBLs, including the redshift, the low frequency radio luminosity at 408 MHz ($L_{\rm 408MHz}$), the absolute magnitude of host galaxies ($M_{\rm host}$), the polarization fraction from NVSS survey ($P_{\rm NVSS}$), the observed arcsecond scale radio core flux at 5 GHz ($F_{\rm core}$) and jet Doppler factor; all the parameters are directly \textbf{measured} or derived from available data from literatures. We found that the Doppler factor is on average larger in FBLs than in NFBLs, and the $Fermi~ γ$-ray detection rate is higher in sources with higher Doppler factor. In contrast, there are no significant differences in terms of the intrinsic parameters of redshift, $ L_{\rm 408MHz}$, $ M_{\rm host}$ and $ P_{\rm NVSS}$. FBLs seem to have a higher probability of exhibiting measurable proper motion. These results strongly indicate a higher beaming effect in FBLs compared to NFBLs. The radio core flux is found to be strongly correlated with $γ$-ray flux, which remains after excluding the common dependence of the Doppler factor. At the fixed Doppler factor, FBLs have systematically larger radio core flux than NFBLs, implying lower $γ$-ray emission in NFBLs since the radio and $γ$-ray flux are significantly correlated. Our results indicate that the Doppler factor is an important parameter of $γ$-ray detection, the non-detection of $γ$-ray emission in NFBLs is likely due to low beaming effect, and/or low intrinsic $γ$-ray flux, and the gamma-rays are likely produced co-spatially with the arcsecond-scale radio core radiation and mainly through the SSC process.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2012

The radio structure of ultra-high-energy synchrotron peak BL Lacs

We present the results of EVN and MERLIN 5 GHz observations of nine ultra-high-energy synchrotron peak BL Lacs (UHBLs) selected as all BL Lacs with \textbf{log ($ν_{\rm peak}/ \rm Hz)>20$} from Nieppola et al.. The radio structure was investigated for these sources, in combination with the available VLBA archive data. We found that the core-jet structure is detected in five sources, while four sources only have a compact core on pc scale. The core of all sources shows high brightness temperature (with mean and median values \textbf{log ($T_{\rm b} / {\rm K}) \sim11$}, which implies that the beaming effect likely present in all sources. When the multi-epoch VLBI data are available, we found no significant variations either for core or total flux density in two sources (2E 0414+0057 and EXO 0706.1+5913), and no evident proper motion in 2E 0414+0057, while the superluminal motion is likely detected in EXO 0706.1+5913. Our sources are found to be less compact than the typical HBLs in Giroletti et al, by comparing the ratio of the VLBI total flux to the core flux at arcsec scale. Combining all our results, we propose that the beaming effect might be present in the jets of UHBLs, however, it is likely weaker than that of typical HBLs. Moreover, we found that UHBLs could be less Doppler beamed versions of HBLs with similar jet power, by comparing the distribution of redshift, and radio luminosities. The results are in good consistence with the expectations from our previous work.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2010

A kinematic study of the compact jet in quasar B3 1633+382

We present a study of the motion of compact jet components in quasar B3 1633+382. Through analyzing 14 epochs of VLBI observations of three components (B1, B2, and B3) at 22 GHz, we find two different possibilities of component classification. Thus two corresponding kinematical models can be adopted to explain the evolutionary track of components. One is a linear motion, while another is a helical model. Future observations are needed to provide new kinematical constraints for the motion of these components in this source.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

The bulk kinetic power of radio jets in active galactic nuclei

Based on the Königl's inhomogeneous jet model, we estimate the jet parameters, such as bulk Lorentz factor $Γ$, viewing angle $θ$ and electron number density $n_{\rm e}$ from radio VLBI and X-ray data for a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) assuming that the X-rays are from the jet rather than the intracluster gas. The bulk kinetic power of jets is then calculated using the derived jet parameters. We find a strong correlation between the total luminosity of broad emission lines and the bulk kinetic power of the jets. This result supports the scenario that the accretion process are tightly linked with the radio jets, though how the disk and jet are coupled is not revealed by present correlation analysis. Moreover, we find a significant correlation between the bulk kinetic power and radio extended luminosity. This implies that the emission from the radio lobes are closely related with the energy flux transported through jets from the central part of AGNs.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2008

The Compact Structure of Radio-Loud Broad Absorption Line Quasars

We present the results of EVN+MERLIN VLBI polarization observations of 8 Broad Absorption Line (BAL) quasars at 1.6 GHz, including 4 LoBALs and 4 HiBALs with either steep or flat spectra on VLA scales. Only one steep-spectrum source, J1122+3124, shows two-sided structure on the scale of 2 kpc. The other four steep-spectrum sources and three flat-spectrum sources display either an unresolved image or a core-jet structure on scales of less than three hundred parsecs. In all cases the marginally resolved core is the dominant radio component. Linear polarization in the cores has been detected in the range of a few to 10 percent. Polarization, together with high brightness temperatures (from 2*10^9-5*10^10 K), suggest a synchrotron origin for the radio emission. There is no apparent difference in the radio orphologies or polarization between low-ionization and high-ionization BAL QSOs nor between flat- and steep-spectrum sources. We discuss the orientation of BAL QSOs with both flat and steep spectra, and consider a possible evolutionary scenario for BAL QSOs. In this scenario, BAL QSOs are probably the young population of radio sources, which are Compact Steep Spectrum or GHz peaked radio source analog at the low end of radio power.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2008

The debeamed luminosity, sychrotron peak frequency and black hole mass of BL Lac objects

We estimate the intrinsic luminosities and synchrotron peak frequency using the derived Doppler factor for a sample of 170 BL Lac objects, of which the synchrotron peak frequency are derived by fitting the SED constructed with the collected multi-band data from literatures. We find that the debeamed radio and optical core luminosities follow the same correlation found for FR I radio galaxies, which is in support of the unification of the BL Lac objects and the FR I galaxies based on orientation. For the debeamed luminosity at synchrotron peak frequency, we find a significant positive correlation between the luminosity and intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency. This implies that the more powerful sources may have the majority of jet emission at higher frequency. At synchrotron peak frequency, the intrinsic luminosity and black hole mass show strong positive correlation, while mild correlation is found in the case of jet power, indicating that the more powerful sources may have heavier black hole.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

VLBI observations of seven BL Lac objects from RGB sample

We present EVN observations of seven BL Lac objects selected from the RGB sample. To investigate the intrinsic radiation property of BL Lac objects, we estimated the Doppler factor with the VLA or MERLIN core and the total 408 MHz luminosity for a sample of 170 BL Lac objects. The intrinsic (comoving) synchrotron peak frequency was then calculated by using the estimated Doppler factor. Assuming a Lorentz factor of 5, the viewing angle of jets was constrained. The high-resolution VLBI images of seven sources all show a core-jet structure. We estimated the proper motions of three sources with the VLBI archive data, and find that the apparent speed increases with the distance of components to the core for all of them. In our BL Lacs sample, the Doppler factor of LBLs is systematically larger than that of IBLs and HBLs. We find a significant anti-correlation between the total 408 MHz luminosity and the intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency. However, the scatter is much larger than for the blazar sequence. Moreover, we find a significant positive correlation between the viewing angle and the intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency. The BL Lac objects show a continuous distribution on the viewing angle. While LBLs have a smaller viewing angle than that of IBLs and HBLs, IBLs are comparable to HBLs. We conclude that the intrinsic synchrotron peak frequency is not only related to the intrinsic radio power (though with a large scatter), but also to the viewing angle for the present sample.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

A narrow line Seyfert 1--blazar composite nucleus in 2MASX J0324+3410

We report the identification of 2MASX J032441.19+341045.9 (hereafter 2MASX J0324+3410) with an appealing object which shows the dual properties of both a narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) and a blazar. Its optical spectrum, which has a Hβline width about 1600 km s^-1 (FWHM), an [OIII] to Hβline ratio ~0.12, and strong FeII emission, clearly fulfills the conventional definition of NLS1s. On the other hand, 2MASX J0324+3410 also exhibits some behavior which is characteristic of blazars, including a flat radio spectrum above 1 GHz, a compact core plus a one-sided jet structure on mas-scale at 8.4 GHz, highly variable fluxes in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands, and a possible detection of TeV gamma-ray emission. On its optical image, obtained with the HST WFPC2, the active nucleus is displaced from the center of the host galaxy, which exhibits an apparent one-armed spiral structure extended to 16 kpc. The remarkable hybrid behavior of this object presents a challenge to current models of NLS1 galaxies and $γ$-ray blazars.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2006

Do radio-loud AGN really follow the same relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion as normal galaxies?

In an examination of the relationship between the black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion in radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we studied two effects which may cause uncertainties in the black hole mass estimates of radio-loud AGNs: the relativistic beaming effect on the observed optical continuum radiation and the orientation effect on the broad emission line width. After correcting these two effects, we re-examined the relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion which derived from [OIII] line width for a sample of radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs, and found the relation for radio-loud AGNs still deviated from that for nearby normal galaxies and radio-quiet AGNs. We also found there is no significant correlation between radio jet power and narrow [OIII] line width, indicating absence of strong interaction between radio jet and narrow line region. It may be that the deviation of the relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion of radio-loud AGNs is intrinsic, or that the [OIII] line width is not a good indicator of stellar velocity dispersion for radio-loud AGNs.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Tracking the curved jet in PKS 1502+106

We carried out a multifrequency and multiepoch study of the highly polarized quasar, PKS 1502+106 at radio frequencies. The analysis is based on an EVN dataset at 5 GHz, archive VLBA datasets at 2.3, 8.3, 24.4 and 43.1 GHz and an archive MERLIN dataset at 5 GHz. The various datasets span over a period of 10 years. The source is characterized by a multi-component one-sided jet at all epochs. The VLBI images show that a complex curved jet is located to the southeast and east of the core, with the position angle (PA) of the jet axis wiggling between 80 deg and 130 deg. The MERLIN image reveals that the jet extends to 0.6 arcsec at a PA 135+-12 degr. The radio core in the VLBI images has a brightness temperature approaching the equipartition limit, indicating highly relativistic plasma beamed towards us. Delta PA in the source, the misalignment of the kpc- and pc-scale radio structure, is estimated about 32 degr, suggesting that PKS 1502+106 belongs to the aligned population. Four superluminal components are detected in the parsec scale jet, whose velocities are 24.2 h{-1}c, 14.3 h{-1}c, 6.8 h{-1}c and 18.1 h{-1}c. Our analysis supports the idea that the relativistic jet in PKS 1502+106 is characterised by extreme beaming and that its radio properties are similar to those of gamma-ray loud sources.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

The Center of Activity in the CSS Superluminal Source 3C 138

We present the results from the first quasi-simultaneous multi-frequency (2.3, 5.0, 8.4 and 15 GHz) Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of a compact steep spectrum (CSS) superluminal source 3C138. For the first time, the spectral distribution of the components within its central 10 milli-arcsecond (mas) region was obtained. This enables us to identify the component at the western end as the location of the nuclear activity on the assumption that the central engine is associated with one of the detected components. The possibility that none of these visible components is the true core is also discussed. The new measurements further clarify the superluminal motions of its inner jet components. The multi-frequency data reveal a convex spectrum in one jet component, inferring the existence of free-free absorption by the ambient dense plasma.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Evn, Merlin, and Vla Observations of Nrao530

We present images of NRAO530 observed with the EVN (VLBI) at 5 GHz, the MERLIN at 1 .6 and 5 GHz, and the VLA at 5 and 8 GHz showing the complex morphology on scales from pc to kpc. The VLBI image shows a core-jet structure indicating a somehow oscillation trajectory on a scale of 30 mas, north to the strongest compact component (core). A core-jet structure extended to several hundreds mas at about P.A. -50 deg and a distant component located 11 arcsec west to the core are detected in both the MERLIN and the VLA observations. An arched structure of significant emission between the core and the distant component is also revealed in both the MERLIN image at 1.6 cm and the VLA images at 8.4 and 5 GHz. The core component shows a flat spectrum with alpha = -0.02 (S proportional to the frequency power -alpha) while alpha = 0.8 for the distant component. The steep spectrum of the distant component and the detection of the arched emission suggests that the western distant component is a lobe or a hot-spot powered by the nucleus of NRAO530. A patch of diffuse emission, 12 arcsec nearly east (P.A. = 70 deg) to the core component, is also observed with the VLA at 5 GHz, suggesting a presence of a counter lobe in the source.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

Extreme Superluminal Motion in the Curved Jet of PKS 1502+106

In this paper we present a multifrequency and multiepoch study of \object{PKS 1502+106} at radio frequencies. The analysis is based on an EVN (European VLBI Network) dataset at 5 GHz and archive VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array) datasets at 2.3, 8.3, 24.4 and 43.1 GHz over a period of 8 years. The source is characterized by a multi--component one--sided jet at all epochs. The high--resolution images at 5, 8.3, 24.4 and 43.1 GHz show a curved jet morphology in the source. The radio core brightness temperature approaches the equipartition limit. Superluminal motions of $37.3\pm9.3 c$, $22.0\pm15.5 c$, $10.5\pm2.6 c$ and $27.9\pm7.0 c$ are measured in four distinct components of the jet. Our analysis supports the idea that the relativistic jet in \object{PKS 1502+106} is characterised by extreme beaming and that its radio properties are similar to those of $γ$--ray loud sources.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2004

A relativistic helical jet in the gamma-ray AGN 1156+295

We present the results of a number of high resolution radio observations of the AGN 1156+295. These include multi-epoch and multi-frequency VLBI, VSOP, MERLIN and VLA observations made over a period of 50 months. The 5 GHz MERLIN images trace a straight jet extending to 2 arcsec at P.A. -18 degrees. Extended low brightness emission was detected in the MERLIN observation at 1.6 GHz and the VLA observation at 8.5 GHz with a bend of about 90 degrees at the end of the 2 arcsecond jet. A region of similar diffuse emission is also seen about 2 arcseconds south of the radio core. The VLBI images of the blazar reveal a core-jet structure with an oscillating jet on a milli-arcsecond (mas) scale which aligns with the arcsecond jet at a distance of several tens of milli-arcseconds from the core. This probably indicates that the orientation of the jet structure is close to the line of sight, with the northern jet being relativistically beamed toward us. In this scenario the diffuse emission to the north and south is not beamed and appears symmetrical. For the northern jet at the mas scale, proper motions of 13.7 +/-3.5, 10.6 +/- 2.8, and 11.8 +/- 2.8 c are measured in three distinct components of the jet (q_0=0.5, H_0=65 km /s /Mpc are used through out this paper). Highly polarised emission is detected on VLBI scales in the region in which the jet bends sharply to the north-west. The spectral index distribution of the source shows that the strongest compact component has a flat spectrum, and the extended jet has a steep spectrum. A helical trajectory along the surface of a cone was proposed based on the conservation laws for kinetic energy and momentum to explain the observed phenomena, which is in a good agreement with the observed results on scales of 1 mas to 1 arcsec.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

The milliarcsecond-scale jet in the quasar J1625+4134

We present Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the radio source J1625+4134 at 22 and 15 GHz and analyze them in concurrence with other existing VLBI data on this source. The high resolution images at 15 and 22 GHz show a short and bending jet which has about $270\degr$ difference in position angle with the northern jet detected at lower frequencies. The new high resolution data, combined with the data available in the literature, allow us to estimate the spectral index of the components and identify one of the compact components as the VLBI core based on its flat spectrum between 5 and 22 GHz. Relative to this core component, the jet appears to be bi-directional. The proper motion measurement of the component C2 and the estimate of the Doppler boosting factor suggest that the orientation of the jet is close to the line of sight. The projection effect of an intrinsically sharply bending jet within a few mas from the core or the erratic change in the nozzle direction of the jet may account for the uncommon bi-directional structure of the jet in J1625+4134.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2001

Relation between radio core length and black hole mass for active galactic nuclei

We explore the relation between the linear length of radio core and the central black hole mass for a sample of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs). An empirical relation between the size of the broad line region (BLR) and optical luminosity is used to estimate the size of the BLR. The black hole mass is derived from $\rm H_β$ line width and the radius of the BLR on the assumption that the clouds in BLRs are orbiting with Keplerian velocities. A significant intrinsic correlation is found between the linear length of the core and the black hole mass, which implies that the jet formation is closely related with the central black hole. We also find a strong correlation between the black hole mass and the core luminosity.

astro-ph↗