arXiv subjects

Da Huang

Publications and source records attributed to Da Huang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Multicomponent Dark Matter in the Light of CALET and DAMPE

In the light of the latest measurements on the total $e^+ + e^-$ flux by CALET and DAMPE experiments, we revisit the multicomponent leptonically decaying dark matter (DM) explanations to the cosmic-ray electron/positron excesses observed previously. Especially, we use the single and double-component DM models to explore the compatibility of the AMS-02 positron fraction with the new CALET or DAMPE data. It turns out that neither single nor double-component DM models are able to fit the AMS-02 positron fraction and DAMPE total $e^+ + e^-$ flux data simultaneously. On the other hand, for the combined AMS-02 and CALET dataset, both the single and double-component DM models can provide reasonable fits. If we further take into the diffuse $γ$-ray constraints from Fermi-LAT, only the double-component DM models are allowed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

CP Violating $hW^+W^-$ Coupling in the Standard Model and Beyond

Inspired by the recent development in determining the property of the observed Higgs boson, we explore the $CP$-violating (CPV) $- c_{\rm CPV} h W^{+\, μν}\tilde{W}^{-}_{μν}/v$ coupling in the Standard Model (SM) and beyond, where $W^{\pm \, μν}$ and $\tilde{W}^{\pm\,μν}$ denote the $W$-boson field strength and its dual. To begin with, we show that the leading-order SM contribution to this CPV vertex appears at two-loop level. By summing over the quark flavor indices in the two loop integrals analytically, we can estimate the order of the corresponding Wilson coefficient to be $c^{\rm SM}_{\rm CPV} \sim {\cal O}(10^{-23})$, which is obviously too small to be probed at the LHC and planned future colliders. Then we investigate this CPV $hW^+ W^-$ interaction in two Beyond the Standard Model benchmark models: the left-right model and the complex 2-Higgs doublet model (C2HDM). Unlike what happens for the SM, the dominant contributions in both models arise at the one-loop level, and the corresponding Wilson coefficient can be as large as of ${\cal O}(10^{-9})$ in the former model and of ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$ for the latter. In light of such a large CPV effect in the $hW^+W^-$ coupling, we also give the formulae for the leading one-loop contribution to the related CPV $hZZ$ effective operator in the C2HDM. The order of magnitude of the Wilson coefficients in the C2HDM may be within reach of the high-luminosity LHC or planned future colliders.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

Anomalies in $B$ Decays and Muon $g-2$ from Dark Loops

We explore a class of models which can provide a common origin for the recently observed evidence for lepton flavor universality violation in $b \to s l^+ l^- $ decays, the dark matter (DM) problem and the long-standing muon $(g-2)$ anomaly. In particular, both anomalies in the $B$ meson decays and the muon $(g-2)$ can be explained by the additional one-loop diagrams with DM candidates. We first classify several simple models according to the new fields' quantum numbers. We then focus on a specific promising model and perform a detailed study of both DM and flavor physics. A random scan over the relevant parameter space reveals that there is indeed a large parameter space which can explain the three new physics phenomena simultaneously, while satisfying all other flavor and DM constraints. Finally, we discuss some of the possible new physics signatures at the Large Hadron Collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

Strong Dark Matter Self-Interaction from a Stable Scalar Mediator

In face of the small-scale structure problems of the collisionless cold dark matter (DM) paradigm, a popular remedy is to introduce a strong DM self-interaction which can be generated nonperturbatively by a MeV-scale light mediator. However, if such the mediator is unstable and decays into SM particles, the model is severely constrained by the DM direct and indirect detection experiments. In the present paper, we study a model of a self-interacting fermionic DM, endowed with a light stable scalar mediator. In this model, the DM relic abundance is dominated by the fermionic DM particle which is generated mainly via the freeze-out of its annihilations to the stable mediator. Since this channel is invisible, the DM indirect detection constraints should be greatly relaxed. Furthermore, the direct detection signals are suppressed to an unobservable level since fermionic DM scatterings with a nucleon appear at one-loop level. By further studying the bounds from the CMB and BBN on the visible channels involving the dark sector, we show that there is a large parameter space which can generate appropriate DM self-interactions at dwarf galaxy scales, while remaining compatible with other experimental constraints.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Inflaton Decays

Due to the universality of gravitational interactions, it is generally expected that a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background could form during the reheating period when the inflaton perturbatively decays with the emission of gravitons. Previously, only models in which the inflaton dominantly decays into a pair of light scalar and/or fermion particles were considered in the literature. In the present paper, we focus on the cases with a vector particle pair in the final decay product. The differential decay rates for the three-body gravitational inflaton decays are presented for two typical couplings between the inflaton and vector fields, from which we predict their respective GW frequency spectra. It turns out that, similar to the scalar and fermion cases, the obtained GW spectra is too high in frequency to be observed by the current and near-future GW detection experiments and calls for a new design of high-frequency GW detectors.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2018

Testing scalar versus vector dark matter

We investigate and compare two simple models of dark matter (DM): a vector and a scalar DM model. Both models require the presence of two physical Higgs bosons $h_1$ and $h_2$ which come from mixed components of the standard Higgs doublet $H$ and a complex singlet $S$. In the Vector model, the extra $U(1)$ symmetry is spontaneously broken by the vacuum of the complex field $S$. This leads to a massive gauge boson $X^μ$ that is a DM candidate stabilized by the dark charge conjugation symmetry $S \to S^*$, $X^μ\to -X^μ$. On the other hand, in the Scalar model the gauge group remains the standard one. The DM field $A$ is the imaginary component of $S$ and the stabilizing symmetry is also the dark charge conjugation $S \to S^*$ ($A \to - A$). In this case, in order to avoid spontaneous breaking, the $U(1)$ symmetry is broken explicitly, but softly, in the scalar potential. The possibility to disentangle the two models has been investigated. We have analyzed collider, cosmological, DM direct and indirect detection constraints and shown that there are regions in the space spanned by the mass of the non-standard Higgs boson and the mass of the DM particle where the experimental bounds exclude one of the models. We have also considered possibility to disentangle the models at $e^+e^-$ collider and concluded that the process $e^+e^-\to Z + \text{DM}$ provides a useful tool to distinguish the models.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2018

Neural Phrase-to-Phrase Machine Translation

In this paper, we propose Neural Phrase-to-Phrase Machine Translation (NP$^2$MT). Our model uses a phrase attention mechanism to discover relevant input (source) segments that are used by a decoder to generate output (target) phrases. We also design an efficient dynamic programming algorithm to decode segments that allows the model to be trained faster than the existing neural phrase-based machine translation method by Huang et al. (2018). Furthermore, our method can naturally integrate with external phrase dictionaries during decoding. Empirical experiments show that our method achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the art methods on benchmark datasets. However, when the training and testing data are from different distributions or domains, our method performs better.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2018

One-loop contribution to dark matter-nucleon scattering in the pseudoscalar dark matter model

Recent dark matter (DM) direct searches place very stringent constraints on the possible DM candidates proposed in extensions of the Standard Model. There are however models where these constraints are avoided. One of the simplest and most striking examples comes from a straightforward Higgs portal pseudoscalar DM model featured with a softly broken $U(1)$ symmetry. In this model the tree-level DM-nucleon scattering cross section vanishes in the limit of zero momentum-transfer. It has also been argued that the leading-order DM-nucleon cross-section appears at the one-loop level. %, which is too small to be constrained experimentally. In this work we have calculated the exact cross-section in the zero momentum-transfer at the leading-order i.e., at the one-loop level of perturbative expansion. We have concluded that, in agreement with expectations, the amplitude for the scattering process is UV finite and approaches zero in the limit of vanishing DM masses. Moreover, we made clear that the finite DM velocity correction at tree-level is subdominant with respect to the one-loop contribution. Based on the analytic formulae, our numerical studies show that, for a typical choice of model parameters, the DM nuclear recoiling cross section is well below ${\cal O}(10^{-50}~{\rm cm}^2)$, which indicates that the DM direct detection signal in this model naturally avoids the present strong experimental limits on the cross-section.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2018

LHC Searches for Top-philic Kaluza-Klein Graviton

We study the phenomenology of a massive graviton $G$ with non-universal couplings to the Standard Model (SM) particles. Such a particle can arise as a warped Kaluza-Klein graviton from a framework of the Randall-Sundrum extra-dimension model. In particular, we consider a case in which $G$ is top-philic, i.e., $G$ interacts strongly with the right-handed top quark, resulting in the large top-loop contributions to its production via the gluon fusion and its decays to the SM gauge bosons. We take into account the constraints from the current 13 TeV LHC data on the channels of $t\bar{t}$, $γγ$, $jj (gg)$, $γZ$, and $ZZ$. Consequently, it is found that the strongest limit for this spin-2 resonance $G$ comes from the $t\bar{t}$ pair search, which constrains the cutoff scale to be of ${\cal O}$(100 GeV) for the right-top coupling of ${\cal O}(1)$ and the massive graviton mass in the range $m_G$=2-5 TeV, significantly relaxed compared with the universal $G$ coupling case.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2018

Spontaneous $CP$-Violating Electroweak Baryogenesis and Dark Matter from a Complex Singlet Scalar

CP non-invariance is strongly limited by present experiments, while extra sources of CP-violation are needed for a successful baryogenesis. Motivated by those observations we consider a model which predicts spontaneous violation of CP at high temperature and restoration of CP at present temperature of the Universe. In addition we propose a dark matter (DM) candidate that meets all known properties of DM. Looking for a minimal model that satisfies the above conditions leads us to extending the Standard Model (SM) of fundamental interactions by adding a complex singlet scalar $S$. We impose the $CP$ and $Z_2$ symmetries on the scalar potential. With the complex vacuum expectation value of $S$ at the temperature higher than the EW phase transition, the $CP$ symmetry is spontaneously broken and a strong first-order electro-weak phase transition is easily realized. Introducing a dimension-6 effective operator that gives new complex contributions to the top quark mass, we show that it is easy to yield the observed baryon asymmetry in our Universe. On the other hand, the $CP$ and $Z_2$ symmetries are recovered after the EW phase transition so that the present strong constraints on $CP$ violation can be satisfied and the lighter of $\Re S$ or $\Im S$ can be the dark matter candidate. By scanning the parameter space, we find regions where the model can explain the dark matter relic abundance and the baryon asymmetry simultaneously while satisfying all other experimental constraints. Finally, we discuss the explicit $CP$ symmetry breaking in the scalar potential that can help dynamically eliminate the domains producing the negative baryon asymmetry. It is found that this can be achieved by a tiny explicit $CP$-violating phase of ${\cal O}(10^{-15})$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2018

Damping of gravitational waves in a viscous Universe and its implication for dark matter self-interactions

It is well known that a gravitational wave (GW) experiences the damping effect when it propagates in a fluid with nonzero shear viscosity. In this paper, we propose a new method to constrain the GW damping rate and thus the fluid shear viscosity. By defining the effective distance which incorporates damping effects, we can transform the GW strain expression in a viscous Universe into the same form as that in a perfect fluid. Therefore, the constraints of the luminosity distances from the observed GW events by LIGO and Virgo can be directly applied to the effective distances in our formalism. We exploit the lognormal likelihoods for the available GW effective distances and a Gaussian likelihood for the luminosity distance inferred from the electromagnetic radiation observation of the binary neutron star merger event GW170817. Our fittings show no obvious damping effects in the current GW data, and the upper limit on the damping rate with the combined data is $6.75 \times 10^{-4}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ at 95\% confidence level. By assuming that the dark matter self-scatterings are efficient enough for the hydrodynamic description to be valid, we find that a GW event from its source at a luminosity distance $D\gtrsim 10^4\;\rm Mpc$ can be used to put a constraint on the dark matter self-interactions.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

Krigings Over Space and Time Based on Latent Low-Dimensional Structures

We propose a new approach to represent nonparametrically the linear dependence structure of a spatio-temporal process in terms of latent common factors. Though it is formally similar to the existing reduced rank approximation methods (Section 7.1.3 of Cressie and Wikle, 2011), the fundamental difference is that the low-dimensional structure is completely unknown in our setting, which is learned from the data collected irregularly over space but regularly over time. Furthermore a graph Laplacian is incorporated in the learning in order to take the advantage of the continuity over space, and a new aggregation method via randomly partitioning space is introduced to improve the efficiency. We do not impose any stationarity conditions over space either, as the learning is facilitated by the stationarity in time. Krigings over space and time are carried out based on the learned low-dimensional structure, which is scalable to the cases when the data are taken over a large number of locations and/or over a long time period. Asymptotic properties of the proposed methods are established. Illustration with both simulated and real data sets is also reported.

stat.ME↗

arXiv2018

Comment on "Hearing the signal of dark sectors with gravitational wave detectors" [Phys. Rev. D 94, no. 10, 103519 (2016)]

We revisit the calculation of the gravitational wave spectra generated in a classically scale-invariant $SU(2)$ gauge sector with a scalar field in the adjoint representation, as discussed by J.~Jaeckel, et al. The finite-temperature potential at 1-loop level can induce a strong first-order phase transition, during which gravitational waves can be generated. With the accurate numerical computation of the on-shell Euclidean actions of the nucleation bubbles, we find that the triangle approximation employed by J.~Jaeckel, et al. strongly distorts the actual potential near its maximum and thus greatly underestimates the action values. As a result, the gravitational wave spectra predicted by J.~Jaeckel, et al deviate significantly from the exact ones in peak frequencies and shapes.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2017

Strongly self-interacting vector dark matter via freeze-in

We study a vector dark matter (VDM) model in which the dark sector couples to the Standard Model sector via a Higgs portal. If the portal coupling is small enough the VDM can be produced via the freeze-in mechanism. It turns out that the electroweak phase transition have a substantial impact on the prediction of the VDM relic density. We further assume that the dark Higgs boson which gives the VDM mass is so light that it can induce strong VDM self-interactions and solve the small-scale structure problems of the Universe. As illustrated by the latest LUX data, the extreme smallness of the Higgs portal coupling required by the freeze-in mechanism implies that the dark matter direct detection bounds are easily satisfied. However, the model is well constrained by the indirect detections of VDM from BBN, CMB, AMS-02, and diffuse $γ$/X-rays. Consequently, only when the dark Higgs boson mass is at most of ${\cal O}({\rm keV})$ does there exist a parameter region which leads to a right amount of VDM relic abundance and an appropriate VDM self-scattering while satisfying all other constraints simultaneously.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2017

Exothermic Dark Matter with Light Mediator after LUX and PandaX-II in 2016

Dark matter (DM) direct detections are investigated for models with the following properties: isospin-violating couplings, exothermic scatterings, and/or a light mediator, with the aim to reduce the tension between the CDMS-Si positive signals and other negative searches. In particular, we focus on the non-standard effective operators which could lead to the spin-independent DM-nucleus scatterings with non-trivial dependences on the transfer momentum or DM velocity. As a result, such effective operator choices have the very mild effects on the final fittings. Furthermore, by including the latest constraints from LUX, PandaX-II, XENON1T and PICO-60, we find that, for almost all the considered models, the predicted CDMS-Si signal regions are either severely constrained or completely excluded by the LUX, PandaX-II, XENON1T and PICO-60 data, including the most promising Xe-phobic exothermic DM models with/without a light mediator. Therefore, we conclude that it is very difficult for the present DM framework to explain the CDMS-Si excess.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2017

Large $ν$-$\barν$ Oscillations from High-Dimensional Lepton Number Violating Operator

It is usually believed that the observation of the neutrino-antineutrino ($ν$-$\barν$) oscillations is almost impossible since the oscillation probabilities are expected to be greatly suppressed by the square of tiny ratio of neutrino masses to energies. Such an argument is applicable to most models for neutrino mass generation based on the Weinberg operator, including the seesaw models. However, in the present paper, we shall give a counterexample to this argument, and show that large $ν$-$\barν$ oscillation probabilities can be obtained in a class of models in which both neutrino masses and neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decays are induced by the high-dimensional lepton number violating operator ${\cal O}_7 = \bar{u}_R l^c_R \bar{L}_L H^*d_R + {\rm H.c.}$ with $u$ and $d$ representing the first two generations of quarks. In particular, we find that the predicted $0νββ$ decay rates have already placed interesting constraints on the $ν_e \leftrightarrow \barν_e$ oscillation. Moreover, we provide an UV-complete model to realize this scenario, in which a dark matter candidate naturally appears due to the new $U(1)_d$ symmetry.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2016

Note on Spin-2 Particle Interpretation of the 750~GeV Diphoton Excess

We explore the possibility to explain the 750 GeV diphoton excess recently measured by ATLAS and CMS collaborations in terms of a massive spin-2 particle. In particular, we consider the case in which the top-quark loops can give the similar amplitudes as the tree-level contributions to the diphoton and digluon channels. Such a scenario can be naturally realized in the generalized warped extra dimension models. As a result, the parameter space favored by the diphoton data implies that the top-quark loop contribution can compete to and even dominate over the tree-level amplitude in the spin-2 particle production via the gluon-gluon fusion process. Similar results are obtained for the case in which the spin-2 particle induces large invisible decay branching ratios, as indicated by the ATLAS data.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2016

Direct Detection of Exothermic Dark Matter with Light Mediator

We study the dark matter (DM) direct detection for the models with the effects of the isospin-violating couplings, exothermic scatterings, and/or the lightness of the mediator, proposed to relax the tension between the CDMS-Si signals and null experiments. In the light of the new updates of the LUX and CDMSlite data, we find that many of the previous proposals are now ruled out, including the Ge-phobic exothermic DM model and the Xe-phobic DM one with a light mediator. We also examine the exothermic DM models with a light mediator but without the isospin violation, and we are unable to identify any available parameter space that could simultaneously satisfy all the experiments. The only models that can partially relax the inconsistencies are the Xe-phobic exothermic DM models with or without a light mediator. But even in this case, a large portion of the CDMS-Si regions of interest has been constrained by the LUX and SuperCDMS data.

hep-ph↗