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Da-jun Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Da-jun Zhang.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
arXiv2015

Spectrum transformation and conservation laws of the lattice potential KdV equation

Many multi-dimensional consistent discrete systems have soliton solutions with nonzero backgrounds, which brings difficulty in the investigation of integrable characteristics. In this letter we derive infinitely many conserved quantities for the lattice potential Korteweg-de Vries equation. The derivation is based on the fact that the scattering data $a(z)$ is independent of discrete space and time and the analytic property of Jost solutions of the discrete Schrödinger spectral problem. The obtained conserved densities are different from those in the known literatures. They are asymptotic to zero when $|n|$ (or $|m|$) tends to infinity. To obtain these results, we reconstruct a discrete Riccati equation by using a conformal map which transforms the upper complex plane to the inside of unit circle. Series solution to the Riccati equation is constructed based on the analytic and asymptotic properties of Jost solutions.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2015

The Sylvester equation and the elliptic Korteweg-de Vries system

The elliptic Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) system is a multi-component generalization of the lattice potential KdV equation, whose soliton solutions are associated with an elliptic Cauchy kernel (i.e., a Cauchy kernel on the torus). In this paper we generalize the class of solutions by using a Sylvester type matrix equation and rederiving the system from the associated Cauchy matrix. Our starting point is the Sylvester equation in the form of $~\boldsymbol{k} \boldsymbol{M}+ \boldsymbol{M} \boldsymbol{k} = \boldsymbol{r} {\boldsymbol{c}}^{T}-g\boldsymbol{K}^{-1} \boldsymbol{r} {\boldsymbol{c}}^{T} \boldsymbol{K}^{-1}$ where $\boldsymbol{k}$ and $\boldsymbol{K}$ are commutative matrices and obey the matrix relation ${\boldsymbol{k}}^2=\boldsymbol{K}+3e_1\boldsymbol{I}+g{\boldsymbol{K}}^{-1}$. The obtained elliptic equations, both discrete and continuous, are formulated by the scalar function $S^{(i,j)}$ which is defined using $(\boldsymbol{k},\boldsymbol{K}, \boldsymbol{M}, \boldsymbol{r},\boldsymbol{c})$ and constitute an infinite size symmetric matrix. Lax pairs for both the discrete and continuous system are derived. The explicit solution $\boldsymbol{M}$ of the Sylvester equation and generalized solutions of the obtained elliptic equations are presented according to the canonical forms of matrix $\boldsymbol{k}$.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2014

The Sylvester equation and integrable equations: I. The Korteweg-de Vries system and sine-Gordon equation

The paper is to reveal the direct links between the well known Sylvester equation in matrix theory and some integrable systems. Using the Sylvester equation $\boldsymbol{K} \boldsymbol{M}+\boldsymbol{M} \boldsymbol{K}=\boldsymbol{r}\, \boldsymbol{s}^{T}$ we introduce a scalar function $S^{(i,j)}=\boldsymbol{s}^{T}\, \boldsymbol{K}^j(\boldsymbol{I}+\boldsymbol{M})^{-1}\boldsymbol{K}^i\boldsymbol{r}$ which is defined as same as in discrete case. $S^{(i,j)}$ satisfy some recurrence relations which can be viewed as discrete equations and play indispensable roles in deriving continuous integrable equations. By imposing dispersion relations on $\boldsymbol{r}$ and $\boldsymbol{s}$, we find the Korteweg-de Vries equation, modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries equation and sine-Gordon equation can be expressed by some discrete equations of $S^{(i,j)}$ defined on certain points. Some special matrices are used to solve the Sylvester equation and prove symmetry property $S^{(i,j)}=S^{(i,j)}$. The solution $\boldsymbol{M}$ provides $τ$ function by $τ=|\boldsymbol{I}+\boldsymbol{M}|$. We hope our results can not only unify the Cauchy matrix approach in both continuous and discrete cases, but also bring more links for integrable systems and variety of areas where the Sylvester equation appears frequently.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2013

Integrability properties of the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy

In the paper we investigate integrability characteristics for the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy. These characteristics include symmetries, Hamiltonian structures and conserved quantities. We give a Lax triad to construct a master symmetry and a hierarchy of non-isospectral dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili flows. These non-isospectral flows, together with the known isospectral dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili flows, form a Lie algebra, which is used to derive two sets of symmetries for the isospectral dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy. By means of the master symmetry, symmetries, Noether operator and conserved covariants, Hamiltonian structures are constructed for both isospectral and non-isospectral dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies. Finally, two sets of conserved quantities and their Lie algebra are derived for the isospectral dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2013

Darboux and binary Darboux transformations for discrete integrable systems 1. Discrete potential KdV equation

The Hirota-Miwa equation can be written in `nonlinear' form in two ways: the discrete KP equation and, by using a compatible continuous variable, the discrete potential KP equation. For both systems, we consider the Darboux and binary Darboux transformations, expressed in terms of the continuous variable, and obtain exact solutions in Wronskian and Grammian form. We discuss reductions of both systems to the discrete KdV and discrete potential KdV equations, respectively, and exploit this connection to find the Darboux and binary Darboux transformations and exact solutions of these equations.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2013

The semi-discrete AKNS system: Conservation laws, reductions and continuum limits

In this paper, the semi-discrete Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) hierarchy is shown in spirit composed by the Ablowitz-Ladik flows under certain combinations. Furthermore, we derive its explicit Lax pairs and infinitely many conservation laws, which are non-trivial in light of continuum limit. Reductions of the semi-discrete AKNS hierarchy are investigated to include the semi-discrete Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), the semi-discrete modified KdV, and the semi-discrete nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchies as its special cases. Finally, under the uniform continuum limit we introduce in the paper, the above results of the semi-discrete AKNS hierarchy, including Lax pairs, infinitely many conservation laws and reductions, recover their counterparts of the continuous AKNS hierarchy.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2013

Solutions to the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation: Blow-up solutions and non-singular solutions

In the paper two kinds of solutions are derived for the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation, including blow-up solutions and non-singular solutions. We derive blow-up solutions from known 1-soliton solution and a double-pole solution. There is a complex Miura transformation between the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation and a modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Using the transformation, solitons, breathers and rational solutions to the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation are obtained from those of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Dynamics of the obtained solutions are illustrated.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2012

Conservation laws of some lattice equations

We derive infinitely many conservation laws for some multi-dimensionally consistent lattice equations from their Lax pairs. These lattice equations are the Nijhoff-Quispel-Capel equation, lattice Boussinesq equation, lattice nonlinear Schrödinger equation, modified lattice Boussinesq equation, Hietarinta's Boussinesq-type equations, Schwarzian lattice Boussinesq equation and Toda-modified lattice Boussinesq equation.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2012

Integrable properties of the differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy and continuum limits

The paper reveals clear links between the differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy and the (continuous) Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy, together with their symmetries, Hamiltonian structures and conserved quantities. They are connected through a uniform continuum limit. For the differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system, we introduce Lax triads to generate isospectral and non-isospectral flows. This approach provides an integrable master symmetry and simple zero curvature representations of flows. The obtained flows are then proved to generate a Lie algebra w.r.t. Lie product ${\llbracket} \cdot, \cdot {\rrbracket}$, which leads to two sets of symmetries for the isospectral differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy, and the symmetries generate a Lie algebra, too. The algebra of flows also provide recursive relations of the flows via the master symmetry, which are then used to derive Hamiltonian structures for both isospectral and non-isospectral differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies. The Hamiltonians generate a Lie algebra w.r.t. the Poisson bracket $\{\cdot,\cdot\}$. The Hamiltonians together with symmetries lead to two sets of conserved quantities for the whole isospectral differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy and they also generate a Lie algebra. All the obtained algebras have same basic structures. Then, we provide a continuum limit which is different from Miwa's transformation. By means of defining \textit{degrees} of some elements with respect to the continuum limit, we find that the differential-difference Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies together with their Lax triads, zero curvature representations and all integrable characteristics go to their continuous counterparts in the continuum limit. We also explain the basic structure deformation of Lie algebras in the continuum limit.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2012

Hirota's method and the search for integrable partial difference equations. 1. Equations on a 3x3 stencil

Hirota's bilinear method ("direct method") has been very effective in constructing soliton solutions to many integrable equations. The construction of one- and two-soliton solutions is possible even for non-integrable bilinear equations, but the existence of a generic three-soliton solution imposes severe constraints and is in fact equivalent to integrability. This property has been used before in searching for integrable partial differential equations, and in this paper we apply it to two dimensional partial difference equations defined on a 3x3 stencil. We also discuss how the obtained equations are related to projections and limits of the three-dimensional master equations of Hirota and Miwa, and find that sometimes a singular limit is needed.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2012

Deriving conservation laws for ABS lattice equations from Lax pairs

In the paper we derive infinitely many conservation laws for the ABS lattice equations from their Lax pairs. These conservation laws can algebraically be expressed by means of some known polynomials. We also show that H1, H2, H3, Q1, Q2, Q3 and A1 equation in ABS list share a generic discrete Riccati equation.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2012

Solutions to the ABS lattice equations via generalized Cauchy matrix approach

The usual Cauchy matrix approach starts from a known plain wave factor vector $r$ and known dressed Cauchy matrix $M$. In this paper we start from a matrix equation set with undetermined $r$ and $M$. From the starting equation set we can build shift relations for some defined scalar functions and then derive lattice equations. The starting matrix equation set admits more choices for $r$ and $M$ and in the paper we give explicit formulae for all possible $r$ and $M$. As applications, we get more solutions than usual multi-soliton solutions for many lattice equations including the lattice potential KdV equation, the lattice potential modified KdV equation, the lattice Schwarzian KdV equation, NQC equation and some lattice equations in ABS list.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2012

Solutions to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

This is a continuation of Ref.[1](arXiv:nlin.SI/0603008). In the present paper we review solutions to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation in terms of Wronskians. The Wronskian entry vector needs to satisfy a matrix differential equation set which contains complex operation. This is different from the case of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. We introduce an auxiliary matrix to deal with the complex operation and then we are able to give complete solution expressions for the matrix differential equation set. The obtained solutions to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation can simply be categorized by two types: solitons and breathers, together with their limit cases. Besides, we give rational solutions to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation in Wromskian form. This is derived with the help of the Galilean transformed modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Finally, typical dynamics of the obtained solutions is analyzed and illustrated. We list out the obtained solutions and their corresponding basic Wronskian vectors in the conclusion part.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2011

Direct Linearization of extended lattice BSQ systems

The direct linearization structure is presented of a "mild" but significant generalization of the lattice BSQ system. Some of the equations in this system were recently discovered in [J. Hietarinta, J. Phys {\bf A}: Math. Theor. {\bf 44} (2011) 165204] through a search of a class of three-component systems obeying the property of multidimensional consistency. We show that all the novel equations arising in this class follow from one and the same underlying structure. Lax pairs for these systems are derived and explicit expressions for the $N$-soliton solutions are obtained from the given structure.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2011

Soliton Taxonomy for a Modification of the Lattice Boussinesq Equation

Integrable multi-component lattice equations of the Boussinesq family have been known for some time. Recently some new equations of this type were found using the Consistency-Around-the-Cube approach. Here we investigate one of these models, B-2, and in particular the consequences of a nonzero deformation parameter $b_0>0$, which allows special kinds of solitons in the parameter range $-b_0/3<k<b_0$.

nlin.SI↗
arXiv2010

Symmetries for the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy: II. Integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation and discrete AKNS hierarchy

In the paper we continue to consider symmetries related to the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy. We derive symmetries for the integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy and discrete AKNS hierarchy. The integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy are in scalar form and its two sets of symmetries are shown to form a Lie algebra. We also present discrete AKNS isospectral flows, non-isospectral flows and their recursion operator. In continuous limit these flows go to the continuous AKNS flows and the recursion operator goes to the square of the AKNS recursion operartor. These discrete AKNS flows form a Lie algebra which plays a key role in constructing symmetries and their algebraic structures for both the integrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy and discrete AKNS hierarchy. Structures of the obtained algebras are different structures from those in continuous cases which usually are centerless Kac-Moody-Virasoro type. These algebra deformations are explained through continuous limit and \textit{degree} in terms of lattice spacing parameter $h$.

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