arXiv subjects

Daiki Ishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Daiki Ishimoto.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2017

Candidate Water Vapor Lines to Locate the H$_{2}$O Snowline through High-Dispersion Spectroscopic Observations II. The Case of a Herbig Ae Star

Observationally measuring the location of the H$_{2}$O snowline is crucial for understanding the planetesimal and planet formation processes, and the origin of water on Earth. In disks around Herbig Ae stars ($T_{\mathrm{*}}\sim$ 10,000K, $M_{\mathrm{*}}\gtrsim$ 2.5$M_{\bigodot}$), the position of the H$_{2}$O snowline is further from the central star compared with that around cooler, and less massive T Tauri stars. Thus, the H$_{2}$O emission line fluxes from the region within the H$_{2}$O snowline are expected to be stronger. In this paper, we calculate the chemical composition of a Herbig Ae disk using chemical kinetics. Next, we calculate the H$_{2}$O emission line profiles, and investigate the properties of candidate water lines across a wide range of wavelengths (from mid-infrared to sub-millimeter) that can locate the position of the H$_{2}$O snowline. Those line identified have small Einstein $A$ coefficients ($\sim 10^{-6} -10^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$) and relatively high upper state energies ($\sim$ 1000K). The total fluxes tend to increase with decreasing wavelengths. We investigate the possibility of future observations (e.g., ALMA, SPICA/SMI-HRS) to locate the position of the H$_{2}$O snowline. Since the fluxes of those identified lines from Herbig Ae disks are stronger than those from T Tauri disks, the possibility of a successful detection is expected to increase for a Herbig Ae disk.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2016

A Gap with a Deficit of Large Grains in the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya

We report $\sim$3 au resolution imaging observations of the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya at 145 and 233 GHz with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. Our observations revealed two deep gaps ($\sim$25--50 \%) at 22 and 37~au and shallower gaps (a few \%) at 6, 28, and 44~au, as recently reported by Andrews et al. (2016). The central hole with a radius of $\sim3$~au was also marginally resolved. The most remarkable finding is that the spectral index $α(R)$ between bands 4 and 6 peaks at the 22~au gap. The derived power-law index of the dust opacity $β(R)$ is $\sim1.7$ at the 22~au gap and decreases toward the disk center to $\sim0$. The most prominent gap at 22~au could be caused by the gravitational interaction between the disk and an unseen planet with a mass of $\lesssim$1.5 $M_\mathrm{Neptune}$ although other origins may be possible. The planet-induced gap is supported by the fact that $β(R)$ is enhanced at the 22~au gap, indicating a deficit of $\sim$mm-sized grains within the gap due to dust filtration by a planet.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2016

Candidate Water Vapor Lines to Locate the H$_{2}$O Snowline through High-Dispersion Spectroscopic Observations I. The Case of a T Tauri Star

Inside the H$_{2}$O snowline of protoplanetary disks, water evaporates from the dust-grain surface into the gas phase, whereas it is frozen out on to the dust in the cold region beyond the snowline. H$_{2}$O ice enhances the solid material in the cold outer part of a disk, which promotes the formation of gas-giant planet cores. We can regard the H$_{2}$O snowline as the surface that divides the regions between rocky and gaseous giant planet formation. Thus observationally measuring the location of the H$_{2}$O snowline is crucial for understanding the planetesimal and planet formation processes, and the origin of water on Earth. In this paper, we find candidate water lines to locate the H$_{2}$O snowline through future high-dispersion spectroscopic observations. First, we calculate the chemical composition of the disk and investigate the abundance distributions of H$_{2}$O gas and ice, and the position of the H$_{2}$O snowline. We confirm that the abundance of H$_{2}$O gas is high not only in the hot midplane region inside the H$_{2}$O snowline but also in the hot surface layer of the outer disk. Second, we calculate the H$_{2}$O line profiles and identify those H$_{2}$O lines which are promising for locating the H$_{2}$O snowline: the identified lines are those which have small Einstein $A$ coefficients and high upper state energies. The wavelengths of the candidate H$_{2}$O lines range from mid-infrared to sub-millimeter, and they overlap with the regions accessible to ALMA and future mid-infrared high dispersion spectrographs (e.g., TMT/MICHI, SPICA).

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2016

ALMA Observations of a Gap and a Ring in the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya

We report the first detection of a gap and a ring in 336 GHz dust continuum emission from the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The gap and ring are located at around 25 and 41 au from the central star, respectively, and are associated with the CO snow line at ~30 au. The gap has a radial width of less than 15 au and a mass deficit of more than 23%, taking into account that the observations are limited to an angular resolution of ~15 au. In addition, the 13CO and C18O J = 3 - 2 lines show a decrement in CO line emission throughout the disk, down to ~10 au, indicating a freeze-out of gas-phase CO onto grain surfaces and possible subsequent surface reactions to form larger molecules. The observed gap could be caused by gravitational interaction between the disk gas and a planet with a mass less than super-Neptune (2M_{Neptune}), or could be the result of the destruction of large dust aggregates due to the sintering of CO ice.

astro-ph.EP↗