Development and validation of a local neoclassical transport module in NLT with applications to EAST-relevant impurity transport and trapped-electron-mode stability
A local neoclassical transport module has been developed and validated in the semi-Lagrangian gyrokinetic code NLT for multi-species collisional plasmas. The module incorporates a linearized multi-species Sugama collision operator and provides two complementary solution strategies. In the initial-value formulation, a composite substep source-integration scheme is introduced to accurately evaluate the neoclassical drive along unperturbed particle trajectories while retaining large macroscopic time steps. A direct steady-state solver is also implemented to obtain the stationary neoclassical response without long-time relaxation. The two approaches are benchmarked against the Eulerian neoclassical code NEO for electron-ion plasmas and three-species plasmas with carbon impurities. The NLT results reproduce the NEO particle and heat fluxes, parallel flows, and bootstrap current over a broad collisionality range. As representative applications, the validated framework is applied to EAST-relevant tungsten impurity transport and core trapped-electron-mode stability. The results show that tungsten neoclassical transport is sensitive to local profile gradients, while the increased effective collisionality associated with larger \(Z_{\rm eff}\) can reduce the linear TEM growth rate under the considered EAST-relevant conditions. These developments extend NLT toward realistic multi-species collisional transport simulations.