Machine-Learning-Inspired SMEFT Simplified Template Cross Sections: A Case Study in ZH Production
The Simplified Template Cross Section (STXS) program has become the standard interface between Higgs measurements and global fits, but its fixed one-dimensional boundaries are not guaranteed to align with the phase-space directions to which the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) is most sensitive. We propose a machine-learning-inspired extension of STXS in which supervised classifiers are used only at the design stage to identify simple, publishable phase-space boundaries. Using associated Higgs production, $pp \to ZH$, as a case study and a benchmark momentum-dependent bosonic SMEFT deformation, we show that the relevant signal-background separation is well captured by a linear boundary in the $(p_T^Z,mZH)$ plane. We construct such boundaries with a linear support vector machine and with a deep-neural-network-assisted distillation procedure, and compare them directly with the standard STXS $p_T^Z$ bins through a common single-region Asimov-significance analysis. In this proof-of-concept setup, the ML-inspired regions systematically outperform the corresponding STXS regions, with the largest gains appearing in the boosted regime where SMEFT effects are concentrated. The final observable remains a simple linear cut, preserving the transparency and experimental portability that make STXS useful.