arXiv subjects

Daniel Martens

Publications and source records attributed to Daniel Martens.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2019

Extracting and Analyzing Context Information in User-Support Conversations on Twitter

While many apps include built-in options to report bugs or request features, users still provide an increasing amount of feedback via social media, like Twitter. Compared to traditional issue trackers, the reporting process in social media is unstructured and the feedback often lacks basic context information, such as the app version or the device concerned when experiencing the issue. To make this feedback actionable to developers, support teams engage in recurring, effortful conversations with app users to clarify missing context items. This paper introduces a simple approach that accurately extracts basic context information from unstructured, informal user feedback on mobile apps, including the platform, device, app version, and system version. Evaluated against a truthset of 3014 tweets from official Twitter support accounts of the 3 popular apps Netflix, Snapchat, and Spotify, our approach achieved precisions from 81% to 99% and recalls from 86% to 98% for the different context item types. Combined with a chatbot that automatically requests missing context items from reporting users, our approach aims at auto-populating issue trackers with structured bug reports.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2019

Release early, release often, and watch your users' emotions

App stores are highly competitive markets, sometimes offering dozens of apps for a single use case. Unexpected app changes such as a feature removal might incite even loyal users to explore alternative apps. Sentiment analysis tools can help monitor users' emotions expressed, e.g., in app reviews or tweets. We found that these emotions include four recurring patterns corresponding to the app releases. Based on these patterns and online reports about popular apps, we derived five release lessons to assist app vendors maintain positive emotions and gain competitive advantages.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2019

Towards Understanding and Detecting Fake Reviews in App Stores

App stores include an increasing amount of user feedback in form of app ratings and reviews. Research and recently also tool vendors have proposed analytics and data mining solutions to leverage this feedback to developers and analysts, e.g., for supporting release decisions. Research also showed that positive feedback improves apps' downloads and sales figures and thus their success. As a side effect, a market for fake, incentivized app reviews emerged with yet unclear consequences for developers, app users, and app store operators. This paper studies fake reviews, their providers, characteristics, and how well they can be automatically detected. We conducted disguised questionnaires with 43 fake review providers and studied their review policies to understand their strategies and offers. By comparing 60,000 fake reviews with 62 million reviews from the Apple App Store we found significant differences, e.g., between the corresponding apps, reviewers, rating distribution, and frequency. This inspired the development of a simple classifier to automatically detect fake reviews in app stores. On a labelled and imbalanced dataset including one-tenth of fake reviews, as reported in other domains, our classifier achieved a recall of 91% and an AUC/ROC value of 98%. We discuss our findings and their impact on software engineering, app users, and app store operators.

cs.IR↗

arXiv2019

Effects of NII and H$α$ Line Blending on the WFIRST Galaxy Redshift Survey

The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will conduct a galaxy redshift survey using the H$α$ emission line primarily for spectroscopic redshift determination. Due to the modest spectroscopic resolution of the grism, the H$α$ and the neighboring [NII] lines are blended, leading to a redshift bias that depends on the [NII]/H$α$ ratio, which is correlated with a galaxy's metallicity, hence mass and ultimately environment. We investigate how this bias propagates into the galaxy clustering and cosmological parameters obtained from the WFIRST. Using simulation, we explore the effect of line blending on redshift-space distortion and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements. We measure the BAO parameters $α_{\parallel}$, $α_{\perp}$, the logarithmic growth factor $f_{v}$, and calculate their errors based on the correlations between the line ratio and large-scale structure. We find $Δα_{\parallel} = 0.31 \pm 0.23 \%$ ($0.26\pm0.17\%$), $Δα_{\perp} = -0.10\pm0.10\%$ ($-0.12 \pm 0.11 \%$), and $Δf_{v} = 0.17\pm0.33\%$ ($-0.20 \pm 0.30\%$) for redshift 1.355--1.994 (0.700--1.345), which use approximately 18$\%$, 9$\%$, and 7$\%$ of the systematic error budget in a root-sum-square sense. These errors may already be tolerable but further mitigations are discussed. Biases due to the environment-independent redshift error can be mitigated by measuring the redshift error probability distribution function. High-spectral-resolution re-observation of a few thousand galaxies would be required (if by direct approach) to reduce them to below 25$\%$ of the error budget. Finally, we outline the next steps to improve the modeling of [NII]-induced blending biases and their interaction with other redshift error sources.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2018

A Simple NLP-based Approach to Support Onboarding and Retention in Open Source Communities

Successful open source communities are constantly looking for new members and helping them become active developers. A common approach for developer onboarding in open source projects is to let newcomers focus on relevant yet easy-to-solve issues to familiarize themselves with the code and the community. The goal of this research is twofold. First, we aim at automatically identifying issues that newcomers can resolve by analyzing the history of resolved issues by simply using the title and description of issues. Second, we aim at automatically identifying issues, that can be resolved by newcomers who later become active developers. We mined the issue trackers of three large open source projects and extracted natural language features from the title and description of resolved issues. In a series of experiments, we optimized and compared the accuracy of four supervised classifiers to address our research goals. Random Forest, achieved up to 91% precision (F1-score 72%) towards the first goal while for the second goal, Decision Tree achieved a precision of 92% (F1-score 91%). A qualitative evaluation gave insights on what information in the issue description is helpful for newcomers. Our approach can be used to automatically identify, label, and recommend issues for newcomers in open source software projects based only on the text of the issues.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2018

ReviewChain: Untampered Product Reviews on the Blockchain

Online portals include an increasing amount of user feedback in form of ratings and reviews. Recent research highlighted the importance of this feedback and confirmed that positive feedback improves product sales figures and thus its success. However, online portals' operators act as central authorities throughout the overall review process. In the worst case, operators can exclude users from submitting reviews, modify existing reviews, and introduce fake reviews by fictional consumers. This paper presents ReviewChain, a decentralized review approach. Our approach avoids central authorities by using blockchain technologies, decentralized apps and storage. Thereby, we enable users to submit and retrieve untampered reviews. We highlight the implementation challenges encountered when realizing our approach on the public Ethereum blockchain. For each implementation challange, we discuss possible design alternatives and their trade-offs regarding costs, security, and trustworthiness. Finally, we analyze which design decision should be chosen to support specific trade-offs and present resulting combinations of decentralized blockchain technologies, also with conventional centralized technologies.

cs.CY↗

arXiv2018

A Radial Measurement of the Galaxy Tidal Alignment Magnitude with BOSS Data

The anisotropy of galaxy clustering in redshift space has long been used to probe the rate of growth of cosmological perturbations. However, if galaxies are aligned by large-scale tidal fields, then a sample with an orientation-dependent selection effect has an additional anisotropy imprinted onto its correlation function. We use the LOWZ and CMASS catalogs of SDSS-III BOSS Data Release 12 to divide galaxies into two sub-samples based on their offset from the Fundamental Plane, which should be correlated with orientation. These sub-samples must trace the same underlying cosmology, but have opposite orientation-dependent selection effects. We measure the clustering parameters of each sub-sample and compare them in order to calculate the dimensionless parameter $B$, a measure of how strongly galaxies are aligned by gravitational tidal fields. We found that for CMASS (LOWZ), the measured $B$ was $-0.024 \pm 0.015$ ($-0.030 \pm 0.016$). This result can be compared to the theoretical predictions of Hirata 2009, who argued that since galaxy formation physics does not depend on the direction of the observer, the same intrinsic alignment parameters that describe galaxy-ellipticity correlations should also describe intrinsic alignments in the radial direction. We find that the ratio of observed to theoretical values is $0.51\pm 0.32$ ($0.77\pm0.41$) for CMASS (LOWZ). We combine the results to obtain a total ${\rm {Obs}/{Theory}} = 0.61\pm 0.26$. This measurement constitutes evidence (between 2 and 3$σ$) for radial intrinsic alignments, and is consistent with theoretical expectations ($<2σ$ difference).

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2017

On the Emotion of Users in App Reviews

App store analysis has become an important discipline in recent software engineering research. It empirically studies apps using information mined from their distribution platforms. Information provided by users, such as app reviews, are of high interest to developers. Commercial providers such as App Annie analyzing this information became an important source for companies developing and marketing mobile apps. In this paper, we perform an exploratory study, which analyzes over seven million reviews from the Apple AppStore regarding their emotional sentiment. Since recent research in this field used sentiments to detail and refine their results, we aim to gain deeper insights into the nature of sentiments in user reviews. In this study we try to evaluate whether or not the emotional sentiment can be an informative feature for software engineers, as well as pitfalls of its usage. We present our initial results and discuss how they can be interpreted from the software engineering perspective.

cs.SE↗