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Dao-Jun Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Dao-Jun Liu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Dynamics of photons and shadows for black holes haired with parity-odd fields

Strong self-gravitational fields enable the realization of macroscopic odd-parity quantum objects. Using ray-tracing methods, we systematically analyze the dynamics of photons and the shadow features of rotating black holes with parity-odd scalar hair and contrast them with those of Kerr black holes. Our results demonstrate measurable distinctions between scalar-haired black hole shadows and their Kerr counterparts. Notably, even for tiny scalar charge and negligible scalar hair mass contributions, these differences remain quantitatively resolvable. In particular, one of the hairy black hole reported here lies within the Event Horizon Telescope observational uncertainties, probing the scalar masses of $1.02\times10^{-20}$eV with M87*. These findings may provide related theoretical benchmarks for future observational campaigns targeting scalar-field dark matter candidates through black hole shadow imaging.

gr-qc

Lensing and light rings of parity-odd rotating boson stars

We obtain the first image of a parity-odd celestial body. Recently, an intriguing parity-odd rotating boson star was proposed. We investigate the lensing effects of these stars in detail. Our analysis demonstrates distinct gravitational distortions around these stars, clearly differentiating them from their parity-even counterparts. Furthermore, we analyze the conditions under which chaotic behavior appears in the images of ultra-compact stars.

gr-qc

Complexity factor for a static self-gravitating sphere in Rastall-Rainbow gravity

We generalized Herrera's definition of complexity factor for static spherically symmetric fluid distributions to Rastall-Rainbow theory of gravity. For this purpose, an energy-dependent equation of motion is employed in accordance with the principle of gravity's rainbow. It is found that the complexity factor appears in the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann curvature tensor, and measures the deviation of the value of the active gravitational mass from the simplest system under the combined corrections of Rastall and rainbow. In the low-energy limit, all the results we have obtained reduce to the counterparts of general relativity when the non-conserved parameter is taken to be one. We also demonstrate how to build an anisotropic or isotropic star model using complexity approach. In particular, the vanishing complexity factor condition in Rastall-Rainbow gravity is exactly the same as that derived in general relativity. This fact may imply a deeper geometric foundation for the complexity factor.

gr-qc

Tidal Love numbers of a nonexotic compact object with a thin shell

As a possible alternative to black holes, horizonless compact objects have significant implications for gravitational-wave physics. In this work, we utilize the standard linearized theory of general relativity to calculate the quadrupolar tidal Love numbers of a nonexotic compact object with a thin shell proposed by Rosa and Piçarra. It is found that both types of tidal Love numbers are positive and increase with the initial radius for almost all values of the compactness parameter. Furthermore, they have an unexpected upper bound and vanish in the most compact configurations. As a result, this model is indeed a suitable mimicker of a black hole. However, we also observed that the speed of sound within the fluid on the shell diverges in the black hole limit.

gr-qc

Novel black holes in higher derivative gravity

We find a class of novel black holes in higher derivative theory. The novel black holes follow behavior of~\sch\ ones at large mass limit, while dramatically differentiate from ~\sch\ ones for little holes because of the effects which may root in quantum gravity. The temperature of the hole takes maximum for a specific mass, which is related to the new sale introduced in the higher derivative theory, and goes to zero at little mass limit. This property leads to a significant observation that the novel black hole may be a candidate for dark matters evading constraint from $γ$-ray burst.

gr-qc

Tidal Deformability of Neutron Stars in Unimodular Gravity

Unimodular gravity is a modified theory with respect to general relativity by an extra condition that the determinant of the metric is fixed. Especially, if the energy-momentum tensor is not imposed to be conserved separately, a new geometric structure appears with potentially observational signatures. In this paper, we study tidal deformability of compact star in the unimodular gravity under the assumption of non-conserved energy-momentum tensor. Both the electric-type and magnetic-type quadrupole tidal Love numbers are calculated for neutron stars with polytrope model. It is found that the electric-type tidal Love numbers are monotonically increasing, but the magnetic-type ones are decreasing, with the increase of the non-conservation parameter. Compared with the observational data from detected gravitational-wave events, a small negative non-conservation parameter is favored.

gr-qc

Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars in Rastall gravity

Gravitational-wave measurements of the tidal deformability of neutron stars could reveal important information regarding their internal structure, the equation of state of high-dense nuclear matter and gravity in strong field regime. In this work, we extend the relativistic theory of the tidal deformability of neutron stars to Rastall gravity. Both the electric-type and magnetic-type quadrupole tidal Love numbers are calculated for neutron stars in the polytrope model. It is found that neutron star's tidal Love numbers in Rastall gravity is significantly smaller than those in general relativity. Our results provide new evidence of the degeneracy between the modification of gravity and the equation of state of nuclear matter in neutron stars.

gr-qc

Strong gravitational lensing of a 4-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole in homogeneous plasma

We investigate the strong gravitational lensing of spherically symmetric black holes in the novel Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet(EGB) gravity surrounded by unmagnetised plasma medium. The deflection angle in the strong deflection limit in EGB spacetime with homogeneous plasma is derived. We find that both the coupling constant $α$ in the novel EGB gravity and the presence of plasma can affect the radius of photon sphere, strong field limit coefficient and other lensing observables significantly. While plasma has little effect on the angular image separation and the relative magnifications as $α/M^2\to -8$ and $α/M^2\to 1$, respectively.

gr-qc

Analytically approximated scalarized black holes and their thermodynamic stability

It is recently shown that, besides the Schwarzshcild black hole solution, there exist also scalarized black hole solutions in some Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories. In this paper, we construct analytical expressions for the metric functions and scalar field configurations for these scalarized black hole solutions approximately by employing the continued fraction parametrization method and investigate their thermodynamic stability. It is found that the horizon entropy of a scalarized black hole is always smaller than that of a Schwarzschild black hole, which indicates that these scalarized black holes may decay to Schwarzschild black holes by emission of scalar waves. This fact also implies the possibility to extract the energy of scalar charges.

gr-qc

Scalar perturbations on the background of Kerr black holes in the quadratic dynamical Chern-Simons gravity

We study the scalar perturbation on the background of a Kerr black hole in the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity with a quadratic coupling between the scalar field and Chern-Simons term. In particular, the late-time tails of scalar perturbations are investigated numerically in time domain by using the hyperboloidal foliation method. It is found that the Kerr black hole becomes unstable under linear perturbations in a certain region of the parameter space, which depends on the harmonic azimuthal index $m$ of the perturbation's mode. This may indicate that some Kerr black holes in this theory will get spontaneously scalarized into a non-Kerr black hole.

gr-qc

On the instability for massive scalar fields in Kerr-Newman spacetime

It is known that a massive charged scalar field can trigger a superradiant instability in the background of a Kerr-Newman black hole. In this paper, we present a numerical study of such an instability by using the continued fraction method. It is shown that for given a black hole, the unstable scalar mode with a specific azimuthal index $m$ only occurs in a finite region in the parameter space of the scalar field. The maximum mass of the scalar cloud is exactly the upper bound of the mass of the unstable modes. We show that due to the electromagnetic interaction between the scalar field and the Kerr-Newman black hole, the growth rate of the instability can be $15.7\%$ larger than that of a scalar field in Kerr spacetime of the same rotation parameter. In addition, we find a maximum value of the growth rate $τ^{-1}=1.788\times 10^{-7}M^{-1}$, which is about $4\%$ larger than that in the Kerr case.

gr-qc

Revisiting the shadow of a black hole in the presence of a plasma

We study the photon's motion around a black hole in the presence of a plasma whose density is a function of the radius coordinate by a renewed ray-tracing algorithm and investigate the influence of the plasma on the shadow of the black hole. The presence of plasma affects not only the size but also the shape of black hole shadow. Furthermore, the influence of plasma on trajectories of photons depends on the frequency of photon. For the high-frequency photons, the influence is negligible, on the contrary, the trajectories of low-frequency photons is affected significantly by the plasma. Interestingly, it is also found that the black hole image would take on a multi-ring structure due to the presence of plasma.

gr-qc

Massive charged Dirac fields around Reissner-Nordström black holes: quasibound states and long-lived modes

The behavior of a massive charged test Dirac field in the background of a Reissner-Nordström black hole is investigated. Especially, we obtain the frequencies of quasibound states by solving the Dirac equation numerically both in time and frequency domain. Our results suggest that although the absence of superradiance excludes the existence of stationary solutions for massive Dirac fields, it is still possible to find arbitrarily long-lived solutions.

gr-qc

Scalar clouds around Kerr-Sen black holes

In this paper, the behaviour of a charged massive scalar test field in the background of a Kerr-Sen black hole is investigated. A kind of stationary solutions, dubbed scalar clouds, are obtained numerically and expressed by the existence lines in the parameter space. We show that for fixed background and a given set of harmonic indices, the mass and charge of the scalar clouds are limited in a finite region in the parameter space of the scalar field. Particularly, the maximum values of the mass and charge of the clouds around extremal Kerr-Sen black holes are independent of the angular velocity of the black hole, whereas those in the extremal Kerr-Newman background depend on the angular velocity. In addition, it is demonstrated that, as the static limit of Kerr-Sen black hole, Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole can not support scalar cloud.

gr-qc

Superradiant instability of $D$-dimensional Reissner-Nordström-anti-de Sitter black hole mirror system

In this paper, a detailed analysis for superradiant stability of the system composed by a $D$-dimensional Reissner-Nordström-anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) black hole and a reflecting mirror under charged scalar perturbations are presented in the linear regime. It is found that the stability of the system is heavily affected by the mirror radius as well as the mass of the scalar perturbation, AdS radius and the dimension of space-time. In a higher dimensional space-time, the degree of instability of the superradiant modes will be severely weakened. Nevertheless, the degree of instability can be magnified significantly by choosing a suitable value of the mirror radius. Remarkably, when the mirror radius is smaller than a threshold value the system becomes stable. We also find that massive charged scalar fields cannot trigger the instabilities in the background of $D$-dimensional asymptotically flat RN black hole. For a given scalar charge, a small RN-AdS black hole can be superradiantly unstable, while a large one may be always stable under charged scalar field with or without a reflecting mirror. We also show that these results can be easily expounded and understood with the help of factorized potential analysis.

gr-qc

Scalar clouds and the superradiant instability regime of Kerr-Newman black hole

In this paper, we study a physical system that is composed of massive charged scalar field linearly coupled to a charged rotating Kerr-Newman black hole. Given the parameters of black hole and a specific set of "quantum" numbers, the parameter space of the scalar field, which is a plane spanned by its mass and charge, is divided into five partitions by three simple constraint lines and the existence line of scalar clouds. The physical properties of the system in these partitions are presented. It is found that superradiant instability may be possibly caused only in two of the partitions. In particular, it is shown that both the mass and charge of the scalar clouds are bounded in a limited region. Our results may be used to rapidly judge the possible occurrence of superradiant instability and the existence of scalar clouds around a given black hole.

gr-qc

Charged scalar perturbations around a regular magnetic black hole

We study charged scalar perturbations in the background of a regular magnetic black hole. In this case, the charged scalar perturbation does not result in superradiance. By using careful time-domain analysis, we show that the charge of scalar field can change the real part of quasinormal frequency, but has little impact on the imaginary part of quasinormal frequency and the behavior of the late-time tail. Therefore, the regular magnetic black hole may be stable under the perturbations of charged scalar field at the linear level.

gr-qc

Black holes and gravitational waves in three-dimensional f(R) gravity

In the three-dimensional pure Einstein gravity, the geometries of the vacuum space-times are always trivial, and gravitational waves (gravitons) are strictly forbidden. For the first time, we find a vacuum circularly symmetric black hole with nontrivial geometries in $f(R)$ gravity theory, in which a true singularity appears. In this frame with nontrivial geometry, a perturbative gravitational wave does exist. Beyond the perturbative level, we make a constructive proof of the existence of a gravitational wave in $f(R)$ gravity, where the Birkhoff-like theorem becomes invalid. We find two classes of exact solutions of circularly symmetric pure gravitational wave radiation and absorption.

physics.gen-ph