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Dario Zappalà

Publications and source records attributed to Dario Zappalà.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Gauge and parametrization dependence of Quantum Einstein Gravity within the Proper Time flow

Proper time functional flow equations have garnered significant attention in recent years, as they are particularly suitable in analyzing non-perturbative contexts. By resorting to this flow, we investigate the regulator and gauge dependence in quantum Einstein gravity within the asymptotic safety framework, considering various regularization schemes. Our findings indicate that some details of the regulator have minor influence on the critical properties of the theory. In contrast, the selection between linear and exponential parametrizations appears to have a more substantial impact on the scaling behavior of the renormalized flow near the non-Gaussian fixed point.

hep-th↗
arXiv2024

Aharonov-Bohm effect for confined matter in lattice gauge theories

Gauge theories arise in physical systems displaying space-time local symmetries. They provide a powerful description of important realms of physics ranging from fundamental interactions, to statistical mechanics, condensed matter and more recently quantum computation. As such, a remarkably deep understanding has been achieved in the field. With the advent of quantum technology, lower energy analogs, capable to capture important features of the original quantum field theories through quantum simulation, have been intensively studied. Here, we propose a specific scheme implementing an analogic quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories constrained to mesoscopic spatial scales. To this end, we study the dynamics of mesons residing in a ring-shaped lattice of mesoscopic size pierced by an effective magnetic field. In particular, we find a new type of Aharonov-Bohm effect that goes beyond the particle-like effect and reflecting the the features of the confining gauge potential. The coherence properties of the meson are quantified by the persistent current and by specific features of the correlation functions. When the magnetic field is quenched, Aharonov-Bohm oscillations and correlations start a specific matter-wave current dynamics.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗
arXiv2023

Functional Renormalization Group Study of Thermodynamic Geometry Around the Phase Transition of Quantum Chromodynamic

We investigate the thermodynamic geometry of the quark-meson model at finite temperature, $T$, and quark number chemical potential, $μ$. We extend previous works by the inclusion of fluctuations exploiting the functional renormalization group approach. We use recent developments to recast the flow equation into the form of an advection-diffusion equation. We adopt the local potential approximation for the effective average action. We focus on the thermodynamic curvature, $R$, in the $(μ,T)$ plane, in proximity of the chiral crossover, up to the critical point of the phase diagram. We find that the inclusion of fluctuations results in a smoother behavior of $R$ near the chiral crossover. Moreover, for small $μ$, $R$ remains negative, signaling the fact that bosonic fluctuations reduce the capability of the system to completely overcome the fermionic statistical repulsion of the quarks. We investigate in more detail the small $μ$ region by analyzing a system in which we artificially lower the pion mass, thus approaching the chiral limit in which the crossover is actually a second order phase transition. On the other hand, as $μ$ is increased and the critical point is approached, we find that $R$ is enhanced and a sign change occurs, in agreement with mean field studies. Hence, we completely support the picture that $R$ is sensitive to a crossover and a phase transition, and provides information about the effective behavior of the system at the phase transition.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2023

A Floquet-Rydberg quantum simulator for confinement in $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theories

Recent advances in the field of quantum technologies have opened up the road for the realization of small-scale quantum simulators of lattice gauge theories which, among other goals, aim at improving our understanding on the non-perturbative mechanisms underlying the confinement of quarks. In this work, considering periodically-driven arrays of Rydberg atoms in a tweezer ladder geometry, we devise a scalable Floquet scheme for the quantum simulation of the real-time dynamics in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT. Resorting to an external magnetic field to tune the angular dependence of the Rydberg dipolar interactions, and by a suitable tuning of the driving parameters, we manage to suppress the main gauge-violating terms, and show that an observation of gauge-invariant confinement dynamics in the Floquet-Rydberg setup is at reach of current experimental techniques. Depending on the lattice size, we present a thorough numerical test of the validity of this scheme using either exact diagonalization or matrix-product-state algorithms for the periodically-modulated real-time dynamics.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗
arXiv2023

The conformal sector of Quantum Einstein Gravity beyond the local potential approximation

The anomalous scaling of Newton's constant around the Reuter fixed point is dynamically computed using the functional flow equation approach. Specifically, we thoroughly analyze the flow of the most general conformally reduced Einstein-Hilbert action. Our findings reveal that, due to the distinctive nature of gravity, the anomalous dimension $η$ of the Newton's constant cannot be constrained to have one single value: the ultraviolet critical manifold is characterized by a line of fixed points $(g_\ast(η), λ_\ast (η))$, with a discrete (infinite) set of eigenoperators associated to each fixed point. More specifically, we find three ranges of $η$ corresponding to different properties of both fixed points and eigenoperators and, in particular, the range $ η< η_c \approx 0.96$ the ultraviolet critical manifolds has finite dimensionality.

hep-th↗
arXiv2021

Topological phase transitions in four dimensions

We show that four-dimensional systems may exhibit a topological phase transition analogous to the well-known Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex unbinding transition in two-dimensional systems. The realisation of an engineered quantum system, where the predicted phase transition shall occur, is also presented. We study a suitable generalization of the sine-Gordon model in four dimensions and the renormalization group flow equation of its couplings, showing that the critical value of the frequency is the square of the corresponding value in $2D$. The value of the anomalous dimension at the critical point is determined ($η=1/32$) and a conjecture for the universal jump of the superfluid stiffness ($4/π^2$) presented.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗
arXiv2020

On the regularization of Lifshitz-type field theories

We consider Lifshitz-type scalar theories with explicit breaking of the Lorentz symmetry that, in addition, exhibit anisotropic scaling laws near the ultraviolet fixed point. Using the proper time regularization method on the spatial coordinates only, we derive the regularized form of the one-loop effective potential in such theories. We study the main features of the one-loop effective potential and, also, the RG flow of the scale-dependent potential both in the IR and UV regimes. The beta functions for the couplings are derived.

hep-th↗
arXiv2019

Direct Higgs-gravity interaction and stability of our Universe

The Higgs effective potential becomes unstable at approximately $10^{11}$ GeV, and if only standard model interactions are considered, the lifetime $τ$ of the electroweak vacuum turns out to be much larger than the age of the Universe $T_U$. It is well known, however, that $τ$ is extremely sensitive to the presence of unknown new physics: the latter can enormously lower $τ$. This poses a serious problem for the stability of our Universe, demanding for a physical mechanism that protects it from a disastrous decay. We have found that there exists a universal stabilizing mechanism that naturally originates from the nonminimal coupling between gravity and the Higgs boson. As this Higgs-gravity interaction necessarily arises from the quantum dynamics of the Higgs field in a gravitational background, this stabilizing mechanism is certainly present. It is not related to any specific model, being rather natural and universal as it comes from fundamental pillars of our physical world: gravity, the Higgs field, the quantum nature of physical laws.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2015

Constraining and applying a generic high-density equation of state

We discuss the "constant speed of sound" (CSS) parametrization of the equation of state of high-density matter and its application to the field correlator method (FCM) model of quark matter. We show how observational constraints on the maximum mass and typical radius of neutron stars are expressed as constraints on the CSS parameters. We find that the observation of a $2\,M_{\odot}$ star already severely constrains the CSS parameters, and is particularly difficult to accommodate if the squared speed of sound in the high-density phase is assumed to be around $1/3$ or less. We show that the FCM equation of state can be accurately represented by the CSS parametrization, which assumes a sharp transition to a high-density phase with density-independent speed of sound. We display the mapping between the FCM and CSS parameters, and see that FCM only allows equations of state in a restricted subspace of the CSS parameters.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2013

A compared analysis of the susceptibility in the O(N) theory

The longitudinal susceptibility $χ_L$ of the O(N) theory in the broken phase is analyzed by means of three different approaches, namely the leading contribution of the 1/N expansion, the Functional Renormalization Group flow in the Local Potential approximation and the improved effective potential via the Callan-Symanzik equations, properly extended to $d=4$ dimensions through the expansion in powers of $ε=4-d$. The findings of the three approaches are compared and their agreement in the large $N$ limit is shown. The numerical analysis of the Functional Renormalization Group flow equations at small $N$ supports the vanishing of $χ_L^{-1}$ in $d=3$ and $d=3.5$ but is not conclusive in $d=4$, where we have to resort to the Callan-Smanzik approach. At finite $N$ as well as in the limit $N\to\infty$, we find that $χ^{-1}_L$ vanishes with $J$ as $J^{ε/2}$ for $ε>0$ and as $(\ln (J))^{-1}$ in $d=4$.

hep-th↗
arXiv2012

Enhancement of field renormalization in scalar theories via functional renormalization group

The flow equations of the Functional Renormalization Group are applied to the O(N)-symmetric scalar theory, for N=1 and N=4, in four Euclidean dimensions, d=4, to determine the effective potential and the renormalization function of the field in the broken phase. In our numerical analysis, the infrared limit, corresponding to the vanishing of the running momentum scale in the equations, is approached to obtain the physical values of the parameters by extrapolation. In the N=4 theory a non-perturbatively large value of the physical renormalization of the longitudinal component of the field is observed. The dependence of the field renormalization on the UV cut-off and on the bare coupling is also investigated.

hep-th↗
arXiv2010

Dilution of zero point energies in the cosmological expansion

The vacuum fluctuations of all quantum fields filling the universe are supposed to leave enormous energy and pressure contributions which are incompatible with observations. It has been recently suggested that, when the effective nature of quantum field theories is properly taken into account, vacuum fluctuations behave as a relativistic gas rather than as a cosmological constant. Accordingly, zero-point energies are tremendously diluted by the universe expansion but provide an extra contribution to radiation energy. Ongoing and future cosmological observations could offer the opportunity to scrutinize this scenario. The presence of such additional contribution to radiation energy can be tested by using primordial nucleosynthesis bounds or measured on Cosmic Background Radiation anisotropy.

astro-ph.CO↗