arXiv subjects

David Franzmann

Publications and source records attributed to David Franzmann.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Stable and Renewable: Assessing the Reliability of a Fully Renewable European Energy System

The transformation of the energy system has raised concerns about the reliability of fully renewable energy systems. We address this question for a 2050 European energy system using an economically optimal adequacy assessment. Our results show that a cost-optimal, fully renewable European system can be as reliable as a fossil-based one, with an average loss of load of only 0.03% due to variability in renewable generation. Outages primarily affect industrial and service sectors, while household supply remains largely uninterrupted. Regional differences in supply security emerge, with outages concentrated in countries with a low Value of Lost Load (VoLL). We demonstrate that system reliability can be fully ensured at negligible additional cost (+0.17%) by modestly increasing hydrogen turbine (+10%) and battery capacities (+15%) beyond the cost-optimal levels. We conclude that well-designed renewable energy systems are stable, with hydrogen-based backup being a key enabler of reliability.

math.OC↗

arXiv2025

Energy Storage Autonomy in Renewable Energy Systems Through Hydrogen Salt Caverns

The expansion of renewable energy sources leads to volatility in electricity generation within energy systems. Subsurface storage of hydrogen in salt caverns can play an important role in long-term energy storage, but their global potential is not fully understood. This study investigates the global status quo and how much hydrogen salt caverns can contribute to stabilizing future renewable energy systems. A global geological suitability and land eligibility analysis for salt cavern placement is conducted and compared with the derived long-term storage needs of renewable energy systems. Results show that hydrogen salt caverns can balance between 43% and 66% of the global electricity demand and exist in North America, Europe, China, and Australia. By sharing the salt cavern potential with neighboring countries, up to 85% of the global electricity demand can be stabilized by salt caverns. Therefore, global hydrogen can play a significant role in stabilizing renewable energy systems.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2025

Robust Capacity Expansion Modelling for Renewable Energy Systems

Future greenhouse gas neutral energy systems will be dominated by renewable energy technologies providing variable supply subject to uncertain weather conditions. For this setting, we propose an algorithm for capacity expansion planning: We evaluate solutions optimised on a single years' data under different input weather years, and iteratively modify solutions whenever supply gaps are detected. These modifications lead to solutions with sufficient capacities to overcome periods of cold dark lulls and seasonal demand/supply fluctuations. A computational study on a German energy system model for 40 operating years shows that preventing supply gaps, i.e. finding a robust system, increases the total annual cost by 1.6-2.9%. In comparison, non-robust systems display loss of load close to 50% of total demand during some periods. Results underline the importance of assessing the feasibility of energy system models using atypical time-series, combining dark lull and cold period effects.

math.OC↗

arXiv2024

Mapping Local Green Hydrogen Cost-Potentials by a Multidisciplinary Approach

For fast-tracking climate change response, green hydrogen is key for achieving greenhouse gas neutral energy systems. Especially Sub-Saharan Africa can benefit from it enabling an increased access to clean energy through utilizing its beneficial conditions for renewable energies. However, developing green hydrogen strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa requires highly detailed and consistent information ranging from technical, environmental, economic, and social dimensions, which is currently lacking in literature. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive novel approach embedding the required range of disciplines to analyze green hydrogen cost-potentials in Sub-Saharan Africa. This approach stretches from a dedicated land eligibility based on local preferences, a location specific renewable energy simulation, locally derived sustainable groundwater limitations under climate change, an optimization of local hydrogen energy systems, and a socio-economic indicator-based impact analysis. The capability of the approach is shown for case study regions in Sub-Saharan Africa highlighting the need for a unified, interdisciplinary approach.

econ.GN↗

arXiv2023

Green Hydrogen Cost-Potentials for Global Trade

Green hydrogen is expected to be traded globally in future greenhouse gas neutral energy systems. However, there is still a lack of temporally- and spatially-explicit cost-potentials for green hydrogen considering the full process chain, which are necessary for creating effective global strategies. Therefore, this study provides such detailed cost-potential-curves for 28 selected countries worldwide until 2050, using an optimizing energy systems approach based on open-field photovoltaics (PV) and onshore wind. The results reveal huge hydrogen potentials (>1,500 PWhLHV/a) and 79 PWhLHV/a at costs below 2.30 EUR/kg in 2050, dominated by solar-rich countries in Africa and the Middle East. Decentralized PV-based hydrogen production, even in wind-rich countries, is always preferred. Supplying sustainable water for hydrogen production is needed while having minor impact on hydrogen cost. Additional costs for imports from democratic regions are only total 7% higher. Hence, such regions could boost the geostrategic security of supply for greenhouse gas neutral energy systems.

econ.GN↗