arXiv subjects

David M. Ramirez

Publications and source records attributed to David M. Ramirez.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Schwarzian quantum corrections to shear correlators of the near-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om-AdS black hole

Near-AdS$_2$ spacetimes are controlled by a Schwarzian effective dual theory. The Kaluza-Klein reduction of higher-dimensional black holes shows that the Schwarzian generates a logarithmic contribution to the entropy, thereby resolving a long-standing puzzle in near-extremal black hole thermodynamics. Here, we leverage exact results for quantum-corrected, Schwarzian scalar correlation functions in order to evaluate the impact of bulk quantum fluctuations on the low-temperature shear correlators of the state dual to Reissner-Nordstr\"om-AdS$_4$ black holes with a flat, compact horizon. In the hydrodynamic regime, we find that quantum fluctuations tend to increase the shear viscosity away from $s/(4\pi)$, thereby preserving the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound. Outside the hydrodynamic regime, quantum fluctuations lift the zero temperature, classical gapless modes reported in previous literature.

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arXiv2025

Quantum chaos and pole skipping in two-dimensional conformal perturbation theory

We analyze pole skipping of stress tensor two-point functions in two-dimensional quantum field theories perturbed away from conformality by a relevant deformation. The retarded two-point Green's function can be formally computed in conformal perturbation theory, though it results in singular expressions. We propose a natural interpretation of these expressions and compute the resulting Green's function to leading nontrivial order in the deformation. As a check of our results, we compare the Lyapunov exponents and butterfly velocities we find from our computed skipped poles to those obtained from both a leading-order conformal field theory analysis using Ward identities, as well as to a holographic gravitational dual perturbed by a massive scalar field; we find precise agreement. We comment on extensions to sub-leading order, where agreement with holographic expectations would no longer be expected.

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arXiv2025

Near-extremal holographic charge correlators

We analytically compute the low-temperature charge correlators in near-extremal black holes with a planar horizon and an infrared $\mathrm{AdS}_2\times \Bbb{R}^2$ extremal geometry, finding excellent agreement with numerical calculations. The analytical result consistently describes the crossover between the hydrodynamic diffusive regime at low frequencies and wavenumbers, and the quantum, zero-temperature regime at high frequencies and wavenumbers. We analytically resolve the successive collisions between the diffusive pole and the non-hydrodynamic poles sourced by the infrared $\mathrm{AdS}_2\times \Bbb{R}^2$ geometry. We demonstrate that in the $T=0$ limit, a pair of gapless poles survive with a dispersion relation $\omega_\pm=-i d_2 k^2-i d_4 k^4-i\tilde d_4 k^4(\pm i\pi+\log k^2) $. The nonanalytic contributions arise from the interplay with the branch cut formed by the condensation of the non-hydrodynamic poles. The real part is caused by the `snatching' of one of the non-hydrodynamic poles by the hydrodynamic diffusive pole.

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arXiv2020

Chaos and pole skipping in CFT$_2$

Recent work has suggested an intriguing relation between quantum chaos and energy density correlations, known as pole skipping. We investigate this relationship in two dimensional conformal field theories on a finite size spatial circle by studying the thermal energy density retarded two-point function on a torus. We find that the location $ω_* = i λ$ of pole skipping in the complex frequency plane is determined by the central charge and the stress energy one-point function $\langle T\rangle$ on the torus. In addition, we find a bound on $λ$ in $c>1$ compact, unitary CFT$_2$s identical to the chaos bound, $λ\leq 2πT$. This bound is saturated in large $c$ CFT$_2$s with a sparse light spectrum, as quantified by arXiv:1405.5137, for all temperatures above the dual Hawking-Page transition temperature.

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arXiv2020

BMS Symmetry via AdS/CFT

With a view to understanding extended-BMS symmetries in the framework of the $AdS_4/CFT_3$ correspondence, asymptotically AdS geometries are constructed with null impulsive shockwaves involving a discontinuity in superrotation parameters. The holographic dual is proposed to be a two-dimensional Euclidean defect conformal field localized on a particular timeslice in a three-dimensional conformal field theory on de Sitter spacetime. The defect conformal field theory generates a natural action of the Virasoro algebra. The large radius of curvature limit $\ell\to\infty$ yields spacetimes with nontrivial extended-BMS charges.

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arXiv2019

Spinning constraints on chaotic large $c$ CFTs

We study out-of-time ordered four-point functions in two dimensional conformal field theories by suitably analytically continuing the Euclidean correlator. For large central charge theories with a sparse spectrum, chaotic dynamics is revealed in an exponential decay; this is seen directly in the contribution of the vacuum block to the correlation function. However, contributions from individual non-vacuum blocks with large spin and small twist dominate over the vacuum block. We argue, based on holographic intuition, that suitable summations over such intermediate states in the block decomposition of the correlator should be sub-dominant, and attempt to use this criterion to constrain the OPE data with partial success. Along the way we also discuss the relation between the spinning Virasoro blocks and the on-shell worldline action of spinning particles in an asymptotically AdS spacetime.

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arXiv2017

Schwinger-Keldysh superspace in quantum mechanics

We examine, in a quantum mechanical setting, the Hilbert space representation of the BRST symmetry associated with Schwinger-Keldysh path integrals. This structure had been postulated to encode important constraints on influence functionals in coarse-grained systems with dissipation, or in open quantum systems. Operationally, this entails uplifting the standard Schwinger-Keldysh two-copy formalism into superspace by appending BRST ghost degrees of freedom. These statements were previously argued at the level of the correlation functions. We provide herein a complementary perspective by working out the Hilbert space structure explicitly. Our analysis clarifies two crucial issues not evident in earlier works: firstly, certain background ghost insertions necessary to reproduce the correct Schwinger-Keldysh correlators arise naturally. Secondly, the Schwinger-Keldysh difference operators are systematically dressed by the ghost bilinears, which turn out to be necessary to give rise to a consistent operator algebra. We also elaborate on the structure of the final state (which is BRST closed) and the future boundary condition of the ghost fields.

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arXiv2017

Shear hydrodynamics, momentum relaxation, and the KSS bound

In this paper we investigate the behavior of the shear hydrodynamic response functions in a simple holographic model exhibiting momentum relaxation. We compute several stress tensor response functions in the transverse channel, and from there derive the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, $η/s$, using two different methods. The two values differ from each other, one which satisfies the KSS bound $η/s \geq \frac{1}{4π}$ and one which does not, and we discuss the causes and implications of this result.

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arXiv2016

Entropy production, viscosity bounds and bumpy black holes

The ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, $η/s$, is computed in various holographic geometries that break translation invariance (but are isotropic). The shear viscosity does not have a hydrodynamic interpretation in such backgrounds, but does quantify the rate of entropy production due to a strain. Fluctuations of the metric components $δg_{xy}$ are massive about these backgrounds, leading to $η/s < 1/(4π)$ at all finite temperatures (even in Einstein gravity). As the temperature is taken to zero, different behaviors are possible. If translation symmetry breaking is irrelevant in the far IR, then $η/s$ tends to a constant at $T=0$. This constant can be parametrically small. If the translation symmetry is broken in the far IR (which nonetheless develops emergent scale invariance), then $η/s \sim T^{2 ν}$ as $T \to 0$, with $ν\leq 1$ in all cases we have considered. While these results violate simple bounds on $η/s$, we note that they are consistent with a possible bound on the rate of entropy production due to strain.

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arXiv2015

Thermal conductivity at a disordered quantum critical point

Strongly disordered and strongly interacting quantum critical points are difficult to access with conventional field theoretic methods. They are, however, both experimentally important and theoretically interesting. In particular, they are expected to realize universal incoherent transport. Such disordered quantum critical theories have recently been constructed holographically by deforming a CFT by marginally relevant disorder. In this paper we find additional disordered fixed points via relevant disordered deformations of a holographic CFT. Using recently developed methods in holographic transport, we characterize the thermal conductivity in both sets of theories in 1+1 dimensions. The thermal conductivity is found to tend to a constant at low temperatures in one class of fixed points, and to scale as $T^{0.3}$ in the other. Furthermore, in all cases the thermal conductivity exhibits discrete scale invariance, with logarithmic in temperature oscillations superimposed on the low temperature scaling behavior. At no point do we use the replica trick.

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arXiv2015

Emergent scale invariance of disordered horizons

We construct planar black hole solutions in AdS_3 and AdS_4 in which the boundary CFT is perturbed by marginally relevant quenched disorder. We show that the entropy density of the horizon has the scaling temperature dependence s \sim T^{(d-1)/z} (with d=2,3). The dynamical critical exponent z is computed numerically and, at weak disorder, analytically. These results lend support to the claim that the perturbed CFT flows to a disordered quantum critical theory in the IR.

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arXiv2013

Clumping and quantum order: Quantum gravitational dynamics of NUT charge

Gravitational instantons with NUT charge are magnetic monopoles upon dimensional reduction. We determine whether NUT charge can proliferate via the Polyakov mechanism and partially screen gravitational interactions. In semiclassical Einstein gravity, Taub-NUT instantons experience a universal attractive force in the path integral that prevents proliferation. This attraction further leads to semiclassical clumping instabilities, similar to the known instabilities of hot flat space and the Kaluza-Klein vacuum. Beyond pure Einstein gravity, NUT proliferation depends on the following question: is the mass of a gravitational instanton in the theory always greater than its NUT charge? Using spinorial methods we show that the answer to this question is `yes' if all matter fields obey a natural Euclidean energy condition. Therefore, the attractive force between instantons in the path integral wins out and gravity is dynamically protected against screening. Semiclassical gravity with a compactified circle can be self-consistently quantum ordered, at the cost of suffering from clumping instabilities.

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arXiv2012

The Pauli exclusion principle at strong coupling: Holographic matter and momentum space

For free fermions at finite density, the Pauli exclusion principle is responsible for the existence of a Fermi surface and the consequent presence of low energy spectral weight over a finite range of momenta. We investigate the extent to which this effect occurs in strongly interacting quantum matter with a holographic dual. We obtain the low energy current-current spectral weight in two holographic frameworks at finite density: systems exhibiting semi-local quantum criticality (with a low temperature entropy density vanishing like s ~ T^eta), and a probe D3/D5 system. For the semi-local theory with 0 < eta < 2 we find a sharp discontinuity in the transverse spectral weight at a nonzero momentum k_*. The case eta = 1 is found to have additional symmetries and is soluble even at nonzero temperature. We show that this case exhibits a robust linear in temperature resistivity in the presence of random charged impurities. For the probe D3/D5 system we find an analytic expression for the low energy spectral weight as a function of momentum. The spectral weight is supported below a specific momentum k_* and is exponentially suppressed at higher momenta.

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