arXiv subjects

David Martínez-Rubio

Publications and source records attributed to David Martínez-Rubio.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2023

Accelerated Methods for Riemannian Min-Max Optimization Ensuring Bounded Geometric Penalties

In this work, we study optimization problems of the form $\min_x \max_y f(x, y)$, where $f(x, y)$ is defined on a product Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M} \times \mathcal{N}$ and is $μ_x$-strongly geodesically convex (g-convex) in $x$ and $μ_y$-strongly g-concave in $y$, for $μ_x, μ_y \geq 0$. We design accelerated methods when $f$ is $(L_x, L_y, L_{xy})$-smooth and $\mathcal{M}$, $\mathcal{N}$ are Hadamard. To that aim we introduce new g-convex optimization results, of independent interest: we show global linear convergence for metric-projected Riemannian gradient descent and improve existing accelerated methods by reducing geometric constants. Additionally, we complete the analysis of two previous works applying to the Riemannian min-max case by removing an assumption about iterates staying in a pre-specified compact set.

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arXiv2023

Open Problem: Polynomial linearly-convergent method for geodesically convex optimization?

Let $f \colon \mathcal{M} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a Lipschitz and geodesically convex function defined on a $d$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$. Does there exist a first-order deterministic algorithm which (a) uses at most $O(\mathrm{poly}(d) \log(ε^{-1}))$ subgradient queries to find a point with target accuracy $ε$, and (b) requires only $O(\mathrm{poly}(d))$ arithmetic operations per query? In convex optimization, the classical ellipsoid method achieves this. After detailing related work, we provide an ellipsoid-like algorithm with query complexity $O(d^2 \log^2(ε^{-1}))$ and per-query complexity $O(d^2)$ for the limited case where $\mathcal{M}$ has constant curvature (hemisphere or hyperbolic space). We then detail possible approaches and corresponding obstacles for designing an ellipsoid-like method for general Riemannian manifolds.

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arXiv2023

Accelerated and Sparse Algorithms for Approximate Personalized PageRank and Beyond

It has recently been shown that ISTA, an unaccelerated optimization method, presents sparse updates for the $\ell_1$-regularized personalized PageRank problem, leading to cheap iteration complexity and providing the same guarantees as the approximate personalized PageRank algorithm (APPR) [FRS+19]. In this work, we design an accelerated optimization algorithm for this problem that also performs sparse updates, providing an affirmative answer to the COLT 2022 open question of [FY22]. Acceleration provides a reduced dependence on the condition number, while the dependence on the sparsity in our updates differs from the ISTA approach. Further, we design another algorithm by using conjugate directions to achieve an exact solution while exploiting sparsity. Both algorithms lead to faster convergence for certain parameter regimes. Our findings apply beyond PageRank and work for any quadratic objective whose Hessian is a positive-definite $M$-matrix.

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arXiv2023

Global Riemannian Acceleration in Hyperbolic and Spherical Spaces

We further research on the accelerated optimization phenomenon on Riemannian manifolds by introducing accelerated global first-order methods for the optimization of $L$-smooth and geodesically convex (g-convex) or $μ$-strongly g-convex functions defined on the hyperbolic space or a subset of the sphere. For a manifold other than the Euclidean space, these are the first methods to \emph{globally} achieve the same rates as accelerated gradient descent in the Euclidean space with respect to $L$ and $ε$ (and $μ$ if it applies), up to log factors. Due to the geometric deformations, our rates have an extra factor, depending on the initial distance $R$ to a minimizer and the curvature $K$, with respect to Euclidean accelerated algorithms As a proxy for our solution, we solve a constrained non-convex Euclidean problem, under a condition between convexity and \emph{quasar-convexity}, of independent interest. Additionally, for any Riemannian manifold of bounded sectional curvature, we provide reductions from optimization methods for smooth and g-convex functions to methods for smooth and strongly g-convex functions and vice versa. We also reduce global optimization to optimization over bounded balls where the effect of the curvature is reduced.

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arXiv2023

Accelerated Riemannian Optimization: Handling Constraints with a Prox to Bound Geometric Penalties

We propose a globally-accelerated, first-order method for the optimization of smooth and (strongly or not) geodesically-convex functions in a wide class of Hadamard manifolds. We achieve the same convergence rates as Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent, up to a multiplicative geometric penalty and log factors. Crucially, we can enforce our method to stay within a compact set we define. Prior fully accelerated works \emph{resort to assuming} that the iterates of their algorithms stay in some pre-specified compact set, except for two previous methods of limited applicability. For our manifolds, this solves the open question in [KY22] about obtaining global general acceleration without iterates assumptively staying in the feasible set. In our solution, we design an accelerated Riemannian inexact proximal point algorithm, which is a result that was unknown even with exact access to the proximal operator, and is of independent interest. For smooth functions, we show we can implement the prox step inexactly with first-order methods in Riemannian balls of certain diameter that is enough for global accelerated optimization.

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arXiv2022

Fast Algorithms for Packing Proportional Fairness and its Dual

The proportional fair resource allocation problem is a major problem studied in flow control of networks, operations research, and economic theory, where it has found numerous applications. This problem, defined as the constrained maximization of $\sum_i \log x_i$, is known as the packing proportional fairness problem when the feasible set is defined by positive linear constraints and $x \in \mathbb{R}^{n}_{\geq 0}$. In this work, we present a distributed accelerated first-order method for this problem which improves upon previous approaches. We also design an algorithm for the optimization of its dual problem. Both algorithms are width-independent. Finally, we show the latter problem has applications to the volume reduction of bounding simplices in an old linear programming algorithm of (YL82), and we obtain some improvements as a result.

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arXiv2020

Neural networks are a priori biased towards Boolean functions with low entropy

Understanding the inductive bias of neural networks is critical to explaining their ability to generalise. Here, for one of the simplest neural networks -- a single-layer perceptron with n input neurons, one output neuron, and no threshold bias term -- we prove that upon random initialisation of weights, the a priori probability $P(t)$ that it represents a Boolean function that classifies t points in ${0,1}^n$ as 1 has a remarkably simple form: $P(t) = 2^{-n}$ for $0\leq t < 2^n$. Since a perceptron can express far fewer Boolean functions with small or large values of t (low entropy) than with intermediate values of t (high entropy) there is, on average, a strong intrinsic a-priori bias towards individual functions with low entropy. Furthermore, within a class of functions with fixed t, we often observe a further intrinsic bias towards functions of lower complexity. Finally, we prove that, regardless of the distribution of inputs, the bias towards low entropy becomes monotonically stronger upon adding ReLU layers, and empirically show that increasing the variance of the bias term has a similar effect.

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arXiv2019

Decentralized Cooperative Stochastic Bandits

We study a decentralized cooperative stochastic multi-armed bandit problem with $K$ arms on a network of $N$ agents. In our model, the reward distribution of each arm is the same for each agent and rewards are drawn independently across agents and time steps. In each round, each agent chooses an arm to play and subsequently sends a message to her neighbors. The goal is to minimize the overall regret of the entire network. We design a fully decentralized algorithm that uses an accelerated consensus procedure to compute (delayed) estimates of the average of rewards obtained by all the agents for each arm, and then uses an upper confidence bound (UCB) algorithm that accounts for the delay and error of the estimates. We analyze the regret of our algorithm and also provide a lower bound. The regret is bounded by the optimal centralized regret plus a natural and simple term depending on the spectral gap of the communication matrix. Our algorithm is simpler to analyze than those proposed in prior work and it achieves better regret bounds, while requiring less information about the underlying network. It also performs better empirically.

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arXiv2019

Cheap Orthogonal Constraints in Neural Networks: A Simple Parametrization of the Orthogonal and Unitary Group

We introduce a novel approach to perform first-order optimization with orthogonal and unitary constraints. This approach is based on a parametrization stemming from Lie group theory through the exponential map. The parametrization transforms the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained one over a Euclidean space, for which common first-order optimization methods can be used. The theoretical results presented are general enough to cover the special orthogonal group, the unitary group and, in general, any connected compact Lie group. We discuss how this and other parametrizations can be computed efficiently through an implementation trick, making numerically complex parametrizations usable at a negligible runtime cost in neural networks. In particular, we apply our results to RNNs with orthogonal recurrent weights, yielding a new architecture called expRNN. We demonstrate how our method constitutes a more robust approach to optimization with orthogonal constraints, showing faster, accurate, and more stable convergence in several tasks designed to test RNNs.

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