arXiv subjects

David Orozco Suarez

Publications and source records attributed to David Orozco Suarez.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Cause of chromospheric opposite polarity intrusions discovered in Sunrise III/SCIP data: MURaM-ChE simulations point to twisted flux ropes

The Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared spectroPolarimeter (SCIP) instrument onboard the balloon-borne Sunrise III observatory provided new high-resolution observations of the solar chromosphere in the Ca II 854.2 nm line. The Stokes-V signal in magnetic network regions was found to show fine-structured details, which suggests the magnetic field above the network elements does not simply expand as a unipolar feature but displays opposite-polarity-intrusions (OPIs). These features appear as elongated structures in Stokes-V observations. In this work, we demonstrate that such features appear ubiquitously in a numerical simulation of the solar chromosphere. We use a simulation that is computed with the recently developed chromospheric extension of MURaM (MURaM-ChE) and resembles an enhanced network region. We find that OPIs appear ubiquitously in the vertical component of the magnetic field at around 1 Mm above the surface and are visible in the synthetic Stokes-V signal of the Ca II 854.2 nm line. The structures have lengths of 2 Mm to 7 Mm and widths of approximately 1 Mm. The magnetic field configurations associated with the OPI features appear to belong to twisted flux ropes (TFRs) and are visible for most of the time in the presented 21 min time series. Our results show that the magnetic structure of the chromosphere is more complex than previously thought, with even seemingly simple flux tubes showing embedded twisted fields pointing in the opposite direction. This may help in explaining new high-resolution observations from the Sunrise III mission.

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arXiv2026

Chromospheric Dynamics of an Umbral Flare Kernel - Based on Coordinated SUNRISE III SCIP and Domeless Solar Telescope Observations

We report imaging spectroscopic observations of an M1.4 solar flare obtained during a coordinated observation between the infrared spectropolarimeter SCIP onboard the SUNRISE-III balloon mission and Domeless Solar Telescope (DST) at Hida Observatory, Kyoto University. The flare that occurred on 2024 July 13 in NOAA Active Region 13738 exhibited a compact flare kernel located within a sunspot umbra. SCIP performed rapid slit-scan observations over a field of view of 58" x 58" around the umbra with a cadence of 40 s, covering infrared chromospheric and upper-photospheric lines including Ca II 8498/8542 A and K I D1. At the same time, DST observed a wider surrounding region with a cadence of 25 s in H-alpha, Ca II 8542 A, and Na I D1/D2. Clear flare-related brightenings are detected in all chromospheric lines observed by SCIP and DST, while no significant enhancement is found in photospheric lines. The high spatial resolution of SCIP reveals fine substructures within the kernel on spatial scales of order 1000 km, which appear smeared in ground-based observations. The spectral profiles exhibit temporally and spatially varying Doppler shifts and line broadenings, indicating complex, fine-scale plasma motions in the chromosphere. These results suggest that the observed red asymmetry arises from the temporal succession of multiple fine-scale kernels, as revealed by SCIP, rather than from a single continuous process.

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arXiv2026

UK White Paper on Space-based total solar eclipse observations: structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere

Our Sun is uniquely placed to enable a detailed study of astrophysical plasmas and how they are governed by the magnetic fields that thread through them. On the one hand, magnetic fields confine plasma and determine plasma heating, flows, and energisation. On the other hand, magnetic fields and their evolution give rise to the most violent eruptions in the Solar System. Understanding the details of how energy is built up and released, and the impact of these physical processes on the plasma, remain key open questions that directly map to UKRI's science strategy through the STFC Solar System Advisory Panel's roadmap for Solar System research goals: What are the causes, consequences and predictability of solar magnetic variability and the solar cycle? What are the structures, dynamics and energetics of the Sun? What are the underlying processes that drive Sun-planet connections? And what are the fundamental processes at work in the Solar System? As laid out in this White Paper, the Moon-Enabled Sun Occultation Mission (MESOM) directly addresses these questions and in doing so delivers several Pillars of the National Space Strategy.

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arXiv2026

Polarity-Resolved Far-Side Magnetograms Based on Helioseismic Measurements

Understanding and monitoring solar active regions is essential for operational space-weather forecasting and improved solar dynamo modeling. This requires comprehensive 360-degree observations of the Sun. While space-weather forecasting has long relied successfully on high-quality observations of the Earth-facing hemisphere, a critical gap remains due to the lack of direct, continuous magnetic field measurements of far-side active regions, particularly magnetic field strength, polarity configurations, and related parameters. We present a methodology for inferring magnetic field distributions of active regions in helioseismic maps of the far hemisphere. The analysis focuses on identifying the magnetic polarities of opposing components of a helioseismic signature and applying stable, continuous polarity assignment to large-scale magnetic structures derived from such maps. These helioseismic signatures reliably resolve strong active regions, especially those that later appear as major rotation regions when they rotate into Earth view. Polarity boundaries are identified by analyzing the bimodal longitudinal variance profile of the seismic signal within each region, after which Hales law is applied to establish east-west ordering consistent with the solar cycle. The method produces polarity-resolved far-side magnetograms suitable for integration with near-side observations, enabling construction of full-Sun magnetic boundary conditions for coronal and solar wind modeling and providing a critical step toward improved heliospheric simulations and operational forecasting.

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arXiv2025

Comparison of Polar Magnetic Fields Derived from MILOS and MERLIN Inversions with Hinode/SOT-SP Data

The detailed investigation of the polar magnetic field and its time evolution is one of the major achievements of Hinode. Precise measurements of the polar magnetic field are essential for understanding the solar cycle, as they provide important constraints for identifying the source regions of the solar wind. The Spectropolarimeter (SP) of the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on board Hinode has been the instrument best suited to make such measurements. In this study, we compare the SOT-SP data for the polar regions, processed using two representative Milne-Eddington inversion codes, MILOS and MERLIN. These codes are applied to the same level-1 SOT-SP data, and the same disambiguation algorithm is used on the maps that go through the two inversions. We find that the radial magnetic-flux density (the magnetic-flux density with respect to the local vertical) provided by the MERLIN inversion tends to be approximately 7%-10% larger than that obtained from the MILOS inversion. The slightly higher radial magnetic-flux density from MERLIN appears to be common to the polar magnetic fields observed at different phases of the solar cycle. When MILOS is run with the same scattered-light profile and the same magnetic filling factor that are derived with the MERLIN inversion, the radial magnetic-flux density derived from the two inversions is almost the same. We attribute the difference in the radial magnetic-flux density to different filling factors adopted by the two inversions, based on whether the scattered-light profiles are assumed to be the Stokes I profiles averaged over the neighboring pixels or over the entire field of view. The relationship between the radial magnetic-flux density and magnetic filling factor could be more complex in the polar (limb) observations due to the possible contributions of the transverse magnetic-field component to the estimation of the radial magnetic-flux density.

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arXiv2023

Slow Solar Wind Connection Science during Solar Orbiter's First Close Perihelion Passage

The Slow Solar Wind Connection Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (Slow Wind SOOP) was developed to utilise the extensive suite of remote sensing and in situ instruments on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission to answer significant outstanding questions regarding the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. The Slow Wind SOOP was designed to link remote sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating at open-closed field boundaries. The SOOP ran just prior to Solar Orbiter's first close perihelion passage during two remote sensing windows (RSW1 and RSW2) between 2022 March 3-6 and 2022 March 17-22, while Solar Orbiter was at a heliocentric distance of 0.55-0.51 and 0.38-0.34 au from the Sun, respectively. Coordinated observation campaigns were also conducted by Hinode and IRIS. The magnetic connectivity tool was used, along with low latency in situ data, and full-disk remote sensing observations, to guide the target pointing of Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter targeted an active region complex during RSW1, the boundary of a coronal hole, and the periphery of a decayed active region during RSW2. Post-observation analysis using the magnetic connectivity tool along with in situ measurements from MAG and SWA/PAS, show that slow solar wind, with velocities between 210 and 600 km/s, arrived at the spacecraft originating from two out of the three of the target regions. The Slow Wind SOOP, despite presenting many challenges, was very successful, providing a blueprint for planning future observation campaigns that rely on the magnetic connectivity of Solar Orbiter.

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arXiv2016

A Tale of Two Emergences: Sunrise II Observations of Emergence Sites in a Solar Active Region

In June 2013, the two scientific instruments onboard the second Sunrise mission witnessed, in detail, a small-scale magnetic flux emergence event as part of the birth of an active region. The Imaging Magnetograph Experiment (IMaX) recorded two small (~5 arcsec) emerging flux patches in the polarized filtergrams of a photospheric Fe I spectral line. Meanwhile, the Sunrise Filter Imager (SuFI) captured the highly dynamic chromospheric response to the magnetic fields pushing their way through the lower solar atmosphere. The serendipitous capture of this event offers a closer look at the inner workings of active region emergence sites. In particular, it reveals in meticulous detail how the rising magnetic fields interact with the granulation as they push through the Sun's surface, dragging photospheric plasma in their upward travel. The plasma that is burdening the rising field slides along the field lines, creating fast downflowing channels at the footpoints. The weight of this material anchors this field to the surface at semi-regular spatial intervals, shaping it in an undulatory fashion. Finally, magnetic reconnection enables the field to release itself from its photospheric anchors, allowing it to continue its voyage up to higher layers. This process releases energy that lights up the arch-filament systems and heats the surrounding chromosphere.

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