arXiv subjects

David Osip

Publications and source records attributed to David Osip.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The Lightspeed project: high-speed, ultra-low read noise imaging and polarimetry for the Magellan telescopes

Lightspeed will be an ultra-fast (> kHz), ultra-low read noise, multicolor (ugriz + IR) imager for the 6.5 meter Magellan Clay telescope. In a single-channel configuration, Lightspeed will also enable single-shot linear polarimetry, narrowband imaging, or white-light imaging. Lightspeed is designed around groundbreaking single-photon-resolving detector technologies: deep sub-electron read noise CMOS image sensors from Fairchild Imaging and a HgCdTe avalanche photodiode array from Leonardo. Here we present Lightspeed's basic optical design concept, predict its on-sky performance, and highlight science cases that Lightspeed has the potential to revolutionize. Lightspeed builds upon the success of proto-Lightspeed, a single-channel prototype employing commercial-off-the-shelf re-imaging optics. proto-Lightspeed is now available as a PI instrument on the Clay telescope. We also discuss the current status of proto-Lightspeed and lessons learned from its commissioning, applicable to the development of Lightspeed and any other instrument seeking to integrate scientific CMOS image sensors.

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arXiv2026

Discovery of an Inflated Hot Neptune and Its Formation from Jovian Mass Loss

The production of Neptune-like planets with orbital periods of 3--6 days is challenging for conventional models of high-eccentricity migration. We present the discovery and characterization of TOI-2195~A~b, an inflated hot Neptune ($P = 4.16$ days, $m_p= 1.46M_{\rm Nep},\,R_p = 0.79R_{\rm J}$) orbiting an early K-type star with a wide binary companion at $\sim 600$~au. Detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect at $\sim2.6\sigma$ confidence with Magellan/PFS reveals the planet is likely on a near-polar orbit with a sky-projected stellar obliquity $\lambda = {109^{+35}_{-53}} ^{\circ}$. We perform coupled dynamical and structural modeling that reproduces the observed characteristics of the system. We show that the planet may have originated as a cold, Jovian planet that was excited to high eccentricities via the stellar Eccentric Kozai-Lidov (EKL) mechanism, where it lost up to $\sim90\%$ of its mass via Roche lobe overflow during close periastron passages, enabling rapid tidal migration and radius inflation due to tidal heating. TOI-2195 A b provides a test for planetary migration theories, and our simulations suggest that puffy hot Neptunes originated as more massive Jovians that underwent mass loss during high-eccentricity migration.

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arXiv2026

The T16 Planet Hunt: 10,000 New Planet Candidates from TESS Cycle 1 and the Confirmation of a Hot Jupiter Around TIC 183374187

The T16 project has produced a uniformly detrended and systematics-corrected set of 83,717,159 TESS Cycle 1 full-frame image light curves for stars observed by TESS in its primary mission down to T=16 mag, enabling sensitive transit searches beyond the official TESS pipelines. While most existing TESS planet searches focus on relatively bright targets, planet occurrence rates suggest that a substantial number of planets should exist around fainter stars. We therefore use the T16 light curves to conduct a semi-automated search for transiting exoplanets across the full Cycle 1 FFI sample, resulting in 11,554 planet candidates orbiting stars down to 16th magnitude in the TESS band with orbital periods between 0.5 and 27 days. Of these, 10,091 are new planet candidates, and 411 are single-transit events, for which we do not attempt to determine orbital parameters. The remaining 1,052 candidates are previously known TESS candidates. We validate our pipeline through Magellan/PFS radial-velocity follow-up measurements on one of our candidate hosts, TIC 183374187, a metal poor thick-disk star, confirming the signal as newly identified hot Jupiter. This detection demonstrates our pipeline's ability to identify real, previously undiscovered, transiting planets. Overall, this work shows that large-scale, machine learning-assisted transit searches of TESS full-frame images can significantly expand the census of transiting planet candidates, particularly around faint stars, providing a rich target set for future validation and follow-up efforts. Our findings more than double the number of known TESS exoplanet candidates.

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arXiv2026

proto-Lightspeed: a high-speed, ultra-low read noise imager on the Magellan Clay Telescope

proto-Lightspeed is a new instrument that has been commissioned on the Nasmyth East port of the Magellan Clay Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory to deliver high-speed optical imaging with deep sub-electron read noise. Making use of commercial re-imaging lenses and the ORCA-Quest 2 camera from Hamamatsu, proto-Lightspeed images a field $1'$ in diameter at up to $200$ Hz or windowed fields at higher rates, up to 6600 Hz for a $1.6''\times 1'$ field of view. proto-Lightspeed delivers seeing-limited image quality in the $g'$, $r'$, and $i'$ bands and adjustable magnification for pixel scales between $0.017''-0.050''$. proto-Lightspeed is well suited to studying compact binary systems, exoplanet transits, rapid flaring associated with accretion, periodic optical emission from pulsars, occultations of background stars by small trans-Neptunian Objects, and any other rapidly variable source. proto-Lightspeed will be a P.I. instrument beginning in 2026B, available for use by members of the Magellan Consortium. In this paper, we discuss the design and performance of the instrument, results from its two commissioning runs, and plans for a facility instrument, Lightspeed, to support simultaneous multicolor imaging across a $7'\times4'$ field.

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arXiv2025

Destruction of "Peas in a Pod?" A Candidate Multi-planet System Around the Nearby, Bright Star, HD208487

We re-investigate the HD208487 system to test the reality of the proposed HD208487c world. We also search for additional companions using applied Bayesian statistics and 15+ years of new RV data from the HARPS and the PFS instruments that were taken post-discovery of HD208487b. The RV data was analyzed with GLS Periodograms, followed by Bayesian analysis using the EMPEROR code. We scrutinised various stellar activity indices to search for any corresponding peaks in the power spectra, correlations with the RV measurements, or significant signals from a Bayesian analysis methodology. Finally, photometric data was checked to test for any transits or possible activity manifestations that could lead to possible false RV signals or excess noise. Our analysis points towards a candidate second planet in the system, positioned near the period of a previously proposed and subsequently challenged signal. This signal, HD208487c, would relate to a cool Saturn with an orbital period of 923.06 +2.02 -2.76 d and a minimum mass of Mj sini = 0.32 +/- 0.01Mj. Our analysis also gives rise to a newly discovered candidate planet, HD208487d, which would be the result of a cool super-Neptune/sub-Saturn with a period of 1380.13 +19.20 -8.25 d and a minimum mass of Mj sini = 0.15 +/- 0.01Mj. Neither stellar activity indices nor photometric data show signals statistically matching these periods. We have uncovered a candidate three planet system that would consist of an inner gas giant, a central Saturn and an outer super-Neptune/sub-Saturn. A dynamical analysis suggests that gravitational scattering of an initially ordered, equally-spaced system in a long resonant chain of six Neptunes can explain the current proposed architecture of HD208487. More RVs may also shed light on the reality of a fourth Doppler signal uncovered in the data that sits close to the 2:1 period-ratio with signal of HD208487c.

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arXiv2025

HD 35843: A Sun-like star hosting a long period sub-Neptune and inner super-Earth

We report the discovery and confirmation of two planets orbiting the metal-poor Sun-like star, HD 35843 (TOI 4189). HD 35843 c is a temperate sub-Neptune transiting planet with an orbital period of 46.96 days that was first identified by Planet Hunters TESS. We combine data from TESS and follow-up observations to rule out false-positive scenarios and validate the planet. We then use ESPRESSO radial velocities to confirm the planetary nature and characterize the planet's mass and orbit. Further analysis of these RVs reveals the presence of an additional planet, HD 35843 b, with a period of 9.90 days and a minimum mass of $5.84\pm0.84$ $M_{\oplus}$. For HD 35843 c, a joint photometric and spectroscopic analysis yields a radius of $2.54 \pm 0.08 R_{\oplus}$, a mass of $11.32 \pm 1.60 M_{\oplus}$, and an orbital eccentricity of $e = 0.15\pm0.07$. With a bulk density of $3.80 \pm 0.70$ g/cm$^3$, the planet might be rocky with a substantial H$_2$ atmosphere or it might be a ``water world". With an equilibrium temperature of $\sim$480 K, HD 35843 c is among the coolest $\sim 5\%$ of planets discovered by TESS. Combined with the host star's relative brightness (V= 9.4), HD 35843 c is a promising target for atmospheric characterization that will probe this sparse population of temperate sub-Neptunes.

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arXiv2025

TOI-2005b: An Eccentric Warm Jupiter in Spin-Orbit Alignment

We report the discovery and characterization of TOI-2005b, a warm Jupiter on an eccentric (e~0.59), 17.3-day orbit around a V_mag = 9.867 rapidly rotating F-star. The object was detected as a candidate by TESS and the planetary nature of TOI-2005b was then confirmed via a series of ground-based photometric, spectroscopic, and diffraction-limited imaging observations. The planet was found to reside in a low sky-projected stellar obliquity orbit (lambda = 4.8 degrees) via a transit spectroscopic observation using the Magellan MIKE spectrograph.TOI-2005b is one of a few planets known to have a low-obliquity, high-eccentricity orbit, which may be the result of high-eccentricity coplanar migration. The planet has a periastron equilibrium temperature of ~ 2100 K, similar to some highly irradiated hot Jupiters where atomic metal species have been detected in transmission spectroscopy, and varies by almost 1000 K during its orbit. Future observations of the atmosphere of TOI-2005b can inform us about its radiative timescales thanks to the rapid heating and cooling of the planet.

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arXiv2025

The Super-Puff WASP-193b is On A Well-Aligned Orbit

The "super-puffs" are a population of planets that have masses comparable to that of Neptune but radii similar to Jupiter, leading to extremely low bulk densities ($\rho_p \lesssim 0.2\,\mathrm{g}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$) that are not easily explained by standard core accretion models. Interestingly, several of these super-puffs are found in orbits significantly misaligned with their host stars' spin axes, indicating past dynamical excitation that may be connected to their low densities. Here, we present new Magellan/PFS RV measurements of WASP-193, a late F star hosting one of the least dense transiting planets known to date ($M_p = 0.112^{+0.029}_{-0.034}\,M_J$, $R_p = 1.319^{+0.056}_{-0.048}\,R_J$, $\rho_p = 0.060\pm0.019\,\mathrm{g}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$). We refine the bulk properties of WASP-193 b and use interior structure models to determine that the planet can be explained if it consists of roughly equal amounts of metals and H/He, with a metal fraction of $Z = 0.42$. The planet is likely substantially re-inflated due to its host star's evolution, and expected to be actively undergoing mass loss. We also measure the projected stellar obliquity using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, finding that WASP-193 b is on an orbit well-aligned with the stellar equator, with $\lambda = 17^{+17}_{-16}$ degrees. WASP-193 b is the first Jupiter-sized super-puff on a relatively well-aligned orbit, suggesting a diversity of formation pathways for this population of planets.

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arXiv2024

Discovery and Characterization of an Eccentric, Warm Saturn Transiting the Solar Analog TOI-4994

We present the detection and characterization of TOI-4994b (TIC 277128619b), a warm Saturn-sized planet discovered by the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-4994b transits a G-type star (V = 12.6 mag) with a mass, radius, and effective temperature of $M_{\star} =1.005^{+0.064}_{-0.061} M_{\odot}$, $R_{\star} = 1.055^{+0.040}_{-0.037} R_{\odot}$, and $T_{\rm eff} = 5640 \pm 110$ K. We obtained follow-up ground-based photometry from the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) and the Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets (ASTEP) telescopes, and we confirmed the planetary nature of TOI-4994b with multiple radial velocity observations from the PFS, CHIRON, HARPS, FEROS, and CORALIE instruments. From a global fit to the photometry and radial velocities, we determine that TOI-4994b is in a 21.5-day, eccentric orbit ($e = 0.32 \pm 0.04$) and has a mass of $M_{P}= 0.280^{+0.037}_{-0.034} M_{J}$, a radius of $R_{P}= 0.762^{+0.030}_{-0.027}R_{J}$, and a Saturn-like bulk density of $\rho_{p} = 0.78^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ $\rm g/cm^3$. We find that TOI-4994 is a potentially viable candidate for follow-up stellar obliquity measurements. TOI-4994b joins the small sample of warm Saturn analogs and thus sheds light on our understanding of these rare and unique worlds.

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arXiv2024

TOI-2374 b and TOI-3071 b: two metal-rich sub-Saturns well within the Neptunian desert

We report the discovery of two transiting planets detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), TOI-2374 b and TOI-3071 b, orbiting a K5V and an F8V star, respectively, with periods of 4.31 and 1.27 days, respectively. We confirm and characterize these two planets with a variety of ground-based and follow-up observations, including photometry, precise radial velocity monitoring and high-resolution imaging. The planetary and orbital parameters were derived from a joint analysis of the radial velocities and photometric data. We found that the two planets have masses of $(57 \pm 4)$ $M_\oplus$ or $(0.18 \pm 0.01)$ $M_J$, and $(68 \pm 4)$ $M_\oplus$ or $(0.21 \pm 0.01)$ $M_J$, respectively, and they have radii of $(6.8 \pm 0.3)$ $R_\oplus$ or $(0.61 \pm 0.03)$ $R_J$ and $(7.2 \pm 0.5)$ $R_\oplus$ or $(0.64 \pm 0.05)$ $R_J$, respectively. These parameters correspond to sub-Saturns within the Neptunian desert, both planets being hot and highly irradiated, with $T_{\rm eq} \approx 745$ $K$ and $T_{\rm eq} \approx 1812$ $K$, respectively, assuming a Bond albedo of 0.5. TOI-3071 b has the hottest equilibrium temperature of all known planets with masses between $10$ and $300$ $M_\oplus$ and radii less than $1.5$ $R_J$. By applying gas giant evolution models we found that both planets, especially TOI-3071 b, are very metal-rich. This challenges standard formation models which generally predict lower heavy-element masses for planets with similar characteristics. We studied the evolution of the planets' atmospheres under photoevaporation and concluded that both are stable against evaporation due to their large masses and likely high metallicities in their gaseous envelopes.

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arXiv2023

Evidence for Low-Level Dynamical Excitation in Near-Resonant Exoplanet Systems

The geometries of near-resonant planetary systems offer a relatively pristine window into the initial conditions of exoplanet systems. Given that near-resonant systems have likely experienced minimal dynamical disruptions, the spin-orbit orientations of these systems inform the typical outcomes of quiescent planet formation, as well as the primordial stellar obliquity distribution. However, few measurements have been made to constrain the spin-orbit orientations of near-resonant systems. We present a Rossiter-McLaughlin measurement of the near-resonant warm Jupiter TOI-2202 b, obtained using the Carnegie Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS) on the 6.5m Magellan Clay Telescope. This is the eighth result from the Stellar Obliquities in Long-period Exoplanet Systems (SOLES) survey. We derive a sky-projected 2D spin-orbit angle $\lambda=26^{+12}_{-15}$ $^{\circ}$ and a 3D spin-orbit angle $\psi=31^{+13}_{-11}$ $^{\circ}$, finding that TOI-2202 b - the most massive near-resonant exoplanet with a 3D spin-orbit constraint to date - likely deviates from exact alignment with the host star's equator. Incorporating the full census of spin-orbit measurements for near-resonant systems, we demonstrate that the current set of near-resonant systems with period ratios $P_2/P_1\lesssim4$ is generally consistent with a quiescent formation pathway, with some room for low-level ($\lesssim20^{\circ}$) protoplanetary disk misalignments or post-disk-dispersal spin-orbit excitation. Our result constitutes the first population-wide analysis of spin-orbit geometries for near-resonant planetary systems.

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arXiv2023

Photometry of the Didymos system across the DART impact apparition

On 26 September 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the satellite of binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This demonstrated the efficacy of a kinetic impactor for planetary defense by changing the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes (Thomas et al. 2023). Measuring the period change relied heavily on a coordinated campaign of lightcurve photometry designed to detect mutual events (occultations and eclipses) as a direct probe of the satellite's orbital period. A total of 28 telescopes contributed 224 individual lightcurves during the impact apparition from July 2022 to February 2023. We focus here on decomposable lightcurves, i.e. those from which mutual events could be extracted. We describe our process of lightcurve decomposition and use that to release the full data set for future analysis. We leverage these data to place constraints on the post-impact evolution of ejecta. The measured depths of mutual events relative to models showed that the ejecta became optically thin within the first ~1 day after impact, and then faded with a decay time of about 25 days. The bulk magnitude of the system showed that ejecta no longer contributed measurable brightness enhancement after about 20 days post-impact. This bulk photometric behavior was not well represented by an HG photometric model. An HG1G2 model did fit the data well across a wide range of phase angles. Lastly, we note the presence of an ejecta tail through at least March 2023. Its persistence implied ongoing escape of ejecta from the system many months after DART impact.

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arXiv2023

Ejecta Evolution Following a Planned Impact into an Asteroid: The First Five Weeks

The impact of the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos, moon of the asteroid Didymos, changed Dimorphos' orbit substantially, largely from the ejection of material. We present results from twelve Earth-based facilities involved in a world-wide campaign to monitor the brightness and morphology of the ejecta in the first 35 days after impact. After an initial brightening of ~1.4 magnitudes, we find consistent dimming rates of 0.11-0.12 magnitudes/day in the first week, and 0.08-0.09 magnitudes/day over the entire study period. The system returned to its pre-impact brightness 24.3-25.3 days after impact through the primary ejecta tail remained. The dimming paused briefly eight days after impact, near in time to the appearance of the second tail. This was likely due to a secondary release of material after re-impact of a boulder released in the initial impact, through movement of the primary ejecta through the aperture likely played a role.

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arXiv2023

TOI-4201: An Early M-dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core-Accretion

We confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of 2.59$^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ M$_{J}$, making this one of the most massive planets transiting an M-dwarf. The planet is $\sim$0.4\% the mass of its 0.63 M$_{\odot}$ host and may have a heavy element mass comparable to the total dust mass contained in a typical Class II disk. TOI-4201 b stretches our understanding of core-accretion during the protoplanetary phase, and the disk mass budget, necessitating giant planet formation to either take place much earlier in the disk lifetime, or perhaps through alternative mechanisms like gravitational instability.

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arXiv2020

A Highly Eccentric Warm Jupiter Orbiting TIC 237913194

The orbital parameters of warm Jupiters serve as a record of their formation history, providing constraints on formation scenarios for giant planets on close and intermediate orbits. Here, we report the discovery of TIC 237913194b, detected in full frame images from Sectors 1 and 2 of TESS, ground-based photometry (CHAT, LCOGT), and FEROS radial velocity time series. We constrain its mass to $M_\mathrm{P} = 1.942_{-0.091}^{+0.091}\,{\rm M_{J}} $, and its radius to $R_\mathrm{P} = 1.117_{-0.047}^{+0.054}\,{\rm R_J}$, implying a bulk density similar to Neptune's. It orbits a G-type star (${\rm M}_{\star} = 1.026_{-0.055}^{+0.057}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$, $V = 12.1$ mag) with a period of $15.17\,$d on one of the most eccentric orbits of all known warm giants ($e \approx 0.58$). This extreme dynamical state points to a past interaction with an additional, undetected massive companion. A tidal evolution analysis showed a large tidal dissipation timescale, suggesting that the planet is not a progenitor for a hot Jupiter caught during its high-eccentricity migration. TIC 237913194b further represents an attractive opportunity to study the energy deposition and redistribution in the atmosphere of a warm Jupiter with high eccentricity.

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arXiv2019

TOI-150b and TOI-163b: two transiting hot Jupiters, one eccentric and one inflated, revealed by TESS near and at the edge of the JWST CVZ

We present the discovery of TYC9191-519-1b (TOI-150b, TIC 271893367) and HD271181b (TOI-163b, TIC 179317684), two hot Jupiters initially detected using 30-minute cadence Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS photometry from Sector 1 and thoroughly characterized through follow-up photometry (CHAT, Hazelwood, LCO/CTIO, El Sauce, TRAPPIST-S), high-resolution spectroscopy (FEROS, CORALIE) and speckle imaging (Gemini/DSSI), confirming the planetary nature of the two signals. A simultaneous joint fit of photometry and radial velocity using a new fitting package juliet reveals that TOI-150b is a $1.254\pm0.016\ R_J$, massive ($2.61^{+0.19}_{-0.12}\ M_J$) hot Jupiter in a $5.857$-day orbit, while TOI-163b is an inflated ($R_P$ = $1.478^{+0.022}_{-0.029} R_J$, $M_P$ = $1.219\pm0.11 M_J$) hot Jupiter on a $P$ = $4.231$-day orbit; both planets orbit F-type stars. A particularly interesting result is that TOI-150b shows an eccentric orbit ($e=0.262^{+0.045}_{-0.037}$), which is quite uncommon among hot Jupiters. We estimate that this is consistent, however, with the circularization timescale which is slightly larger than the age of the system. These two hot Jupiters are both prime candidates for further characterization --- in particular, both are excellent candidates for determining spin-orbit alignments via the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect and for characterizing atmospheric thermal structures using secondary eclipse observations considering they are both located closely to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ).

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arXiv2018

K2-287b: an Eccentric Warm Saturn transiting a G-dwarf

We report the discovery of K2-287b, a Saturn mass planet orbiting a G-dwarf with a period of $P \approx 15$ days. First uncovered as a candidate using K2 campaign 15 data, follow-up photometry and spectroscopy were used to determine a mass of $M_P = 0.317 \pm 0.026$ $M_J$, radius $R_P = 0.833 \pm 0.013$ $R_J$, period $P = 14.893291 \pm 0.000025$ days and eccentricity $e = 0.476 \pm 0.026$. The host star is a metal-rich $V=11.410 \pm 0.129$ mag G dwarf for which we estimate a mass $M_* = 1.056$ $M_\odot$, radius $R_* = 1.07 \pm 0.01$ $R_\odot$, metallicity [Fe/H] = $0.20 \pm 0.05$ and $T_{eff} = 5673 \pm 75$ K. This warm eccentric planet with a time-averaged equilibrium temperature of $T_{eq} \approx 800$ K adds to the small sample of giant planets orbiting nearby stars whose structure is not expected to be affected by stellar irradiation. Follow-up studies on the K2-287 system could help in constraining theories of migration of planets in close-in orbits.

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arXiv2015

A New Merging Double Degenerate Binary in the Solar Neighborhood

Characterizing the local space density of double degenerate binary systems is a complementary approach to broad sky surveys of double degenerates to determine the expected rates of white dwarf binary mergers, in particular those that may evolve into other observable phenomena such as extreme helium stars, Am CVn systems, and supernovae Ia. However, there have been few such systems detected in local space. We report here the discovery that WD 1242$-$105, a nearby bright WD, is a double-line spectroscopic binary consisting of two degenerate DA white dwarfs of similar mass and temperature, despite it previously having been spectroscopically characterized as a single degenerate. Follow-up photometry, spectroscopy, and trigonometric parallax have been obtained in an effort to determine the fundamental parameters of each component of this system. The binary has a mass ratio of 0.7 and a trigonometric parallax of 25.5 mas, placing it at a distance of 39 pc. The system's total mass is 0.95 M$_\odot$ and has an orbital period of 2.85 hours, making it the strongest known gravitational wave source ($\log h = -20.78$) in the mHz regime. Because of its orbital period and total mass, WD 1242$-$105 is predicted to merge via gravitational radiation on a timescale of 740 Myr, which will most likely not result in a catastrophic explosion.

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