arXiv subjects

David P. Chassin

Publications and source records attributed to David P. Chassin.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2023

A Real-Time Limit Order Book as a Market Mechanism for Transactive Energy Systems

This paper presents a limit order book (LOB) market mechanism design for transactive energy systems. The proposed design is planned for deployment in New Hampshire and Maine under a US Department of Energy Connected Communities project. The new LOB mechanism is intended to replace or work in conjunction with the conventional transactive energy double auction mechanisms designed for retail real-time electricity price discovery, and will facilitate significant scaling of transactive energy systems. The paper provides LOB market rules, clearing algorithm, and illustrative examples and discusses clearing algorithm performance and reliability. The proposed LOB design includes support for discovering prices arising from wholesale electricity markets, distribution system asset constraints, distributed energy resource constraints, and consumer willingness to consume or produce at a reservation price.

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arXiv2019

A Nonlinear Regression Method for Composite Protection Modeling of Induction Motor Loads

Protection equipment is used to prevent damage to induction motor loads by isolating them from power systems in the event of severe faults. Modeling the response of induction motor loads and their protection is vital for power system planning and operation, especially in understanding system's dynamic performance and stability after a fault occurs. Induction motors are usually equipped with several types of protection with different operation mechanisms, making it challenging to develop adequate yet not overly complex protection models and determine their parameters for aggregate induction motor models. This paper proposes an optimization-based nonlinear regression framework to determine protection model parameters for aggregate induction motor loads in commercial buildings. Using a mathematical abstraction, the task of determining a suitable set of parameters for the protection model in composite load models is formulated as a nonlinear regression problem. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the application of the framework. Sensitivity studies are presented to demonstrate the impact of lack of available motor load information on the accuracy of the protection models.

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arXiv2017

Multi-scale Transactive Control In Interconnected Bulk Power Systems Under High Renewable Energy Supply and High Demand Response Scenarios

This thesis presents the design, analysis, and validation of a hierarchical transactive control system that engages demand response resources to enhance the integration of renewable electricity generation resources. This control system joins energy, capacity and regulation markets together in a unified homeostatic and economically efficient electricity operation that increases total surplus while improving reliability and decreasing carbon emissions from fossil-based generation resources. The work encompasses: (1) the derivation of a short-term demand response model suitable for transactive control systems and its validation with field demonstration data; (2) an aggregate load model that enables effective control of large populations of thermal loads using a new type of thermostat (discrete time with zero deadband); (3) a methodology for optimally controlling response to frequency deviations while tracking schedule area exports in areas that have high penetration of both intermittent renewable resources and fast-acting demand response; and (4) the development of a system-wide (continental interconnection) scale strategy for optimal power trajectory and resource dispatch based on a shift from primarily energy cost-based approach to a primarily ramping cost-based one. The results show that multi-layer transactive control systems can be constructed, will enhance renewable resource utilization, and will operate in a coordinated manner with bulk power systems that include both regions with and without organized power markets. Estimates of Western Electric Coordionating Council (WECC) system cost savings under target renewable energy generation levels resulting from the proposed system exceed US$150B annually by the year 2024, when compared to the existing control system.

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arXiv2017

Optimal Subhourly Electricity Resource Dispatch Under Multiple Price Signals With High Renewable Generation Availability

This paper proposes a system-wide optimal resource dispatch strategy that enables a shift from a primarily energy cost-based approach, to a strategy using simultaneous price signals for energy, power and ramping behavior. A formal method to compute the optimal sub-hourly power trajectory is derived for a system when the price of energy and ramping are both significant. Optimal control functions are obtained in both time and frequency domains, and a discrete-time solution suitable for periodic feedback control systems is presented. The method is applied to North America Western Interconnection for the planning year 2024, and it is shown that an optimal dispatch strategy that simultaneously considers both the cost of energy and the cost of ramping leads to significant cost savings in systems with high levels of renewable generation: the savings exceed 25% of the total system operating cost for a 50% renewables scenario.

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arXiv2014

GridLAB-D: An agent-based simulation framework for smart grids

Simulation of smart grid technologies requires a fundamentally new approach to integrated modeling of power systems, energy markets, building technologies and the plethora of other resources and assets that are becoming part of modern electricity production, delivery and consumption systems. As a result, the US Department of Energy's Office of Electricity commissioned the development of a new type of power system simulation tool called GridLAB-D(TM) that uses an agent-based approach to simulating smart grids. This paper presents the numerical methods and approach to time-series simulation used by GridLAB-D and reviews applications in power system studies, market design, building control system design, and integration of wind power in a smart grid.

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arXiv2006

Econophysical Dynamics of Market-Based Electric Power Distribution Systems

As energy markets begin clearing at sub-hourly rates, their interaction with load control systems becomes a potentially important consideration. A simple model for the control of thermal systems using market-based power distribution strategies is proposed, with particular attention to the behavior and dynamics of electric building loads and distribution-level power markets. Observations of dynamic behavior of simple numerical model are compared to that of an aggregate continuous model. The analytic solution of the continuous model suggests important deficiencies in each. The continuous model provides very valuable insights into how one might design such load control system and design the power markets they interact with. We also highlight important shortcomings of the continuous model which we believe must be addressed using discrete models.

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arXiv2005

Evaluating North American Electric Grid Reliability Using the Barabasi-Albert Network Model

The reliability of electric transmission systems is examined using a scale-free model of network structure and failure propagation. The topologies of the North American eastern and western electric networks are analyzed to estimate their reliability based on the Barabasi-Albert network model. A commonly used power system reliability index is computed using a simple failure propagation model. The results are compared to the values of power system reliability indices previously obtained using standard power system reliability analysis methods, and they suggest that scale-free network models are useful for estimating aggregate electric network reliability.

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arXiv2004

Estimation of the WECC System Inertia Using Observed Frequency Transients

Computer models being developed to understand the interaction between demand-response technology, power system deregulation and market transformation depend in part on understanding the relationship between system frequency and load-control. Frequency, load, and plant outage events data collected over the last several years have permitted analysis to determine the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) system's inertia during each event. This data was used to evaluate the relationship of system inertia to total load, which is used to model system response to load curtailment programs in next generation power system simulations.

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arXiv2004

Modeling Uncertainties in Aggregated Thermostatically Controlled Loads Using a State Queueing Model

To study the impacts of price responsive demand on the electric power system requires better load models. This paper discusses the modeling of uncertainties in aggregated thermostatically controlled loads using a state queueing (SQ) model. The cycling times of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) vary with the TCA types and sizes, as well as the ambient temperatures. The random consumption of consumers, which shortens or prolongs a specific TCA cycling period, introduces another degree of uncertainty. By modifying the state transition matrix, these random factors can be taken into account in a discrete SQ model. The impacts of considering load diversity in the SQ model while simulating TCA setpoint response are also studied.

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arXiv2004

Parallel Computing Environments and Methods for Power Distribution System Simulation

The development of cost-effective highperformance parallel computing on multi-processor supercomputers makes it attractive to port excessively time consuming simulation software from personal computers (PC) to super computes. The power distribution system simulator (PDSS) takes a bottom-up approach and simulates load at the appliance level, where detailed thermal models for appliances are used. This approach works well for a small power distribution system consisting of a few thousand appliances. When the number of appliances increases, the simulation uses up the PC memory and its runtime increases to a point where the approach is no longer feasible to model a practical large power distribution system. This paper presents an effort made to port a PC-based power distribution system simulator to a 128-processor shared-memory supercomputer. The paper offers an overview of the parallel computing environment and a description of the modification made to the PDSS model. The performance of the PDSS running on a standalone PC and on the supercomputer is compared. Future research direction of utilizing parallel computing in the power distribution system simulation is also addressed.

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arXiv2004

GridWiseTM: The Benefits of a Transformed Energy System

The demand for electricity is expected to continue its historical growth trend far into the future and particularly over the 20-year projection period discussed in this report. To meet this growth with traditional approaches will require added generation, transmission, and distribution, costing up to $1.4 billion/GW ($1,400/kW in year 2000 dollars) on the utility side of the meter. The amount of capacity needed in each of these categories must supply peak demand and provide a reserve margin to protect against outages and other contingencies. The nameplate capacity of many power system components is typically utilized for only a few hundred hours per year. Thus, traditional approaches to maintaining the adequacy of the nation's power generation and delivery system are characterized by lower than desirable asset utilization, particularly for assets located near the end-user.

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arXiv2004

The Equilibrium Dynamics of Thermostatic End-use Load Diversity as a Function of Demand

A recently developed state-of-the-art agent-based simulation of power distribution systems is capable of modeling the thermal and demand response behavior of many thousands of thermostatic end-use loads. It computes the total power consumed by electric power customers when responding to real-time prices. Investigation of the initialization transients has led to a more precise understanding of the relationship between the end-use state probability of thermostatic loads, end-use demand, and load diversity.

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arXiv2004

Managing Complexity

Physical analogs have shown considerable promise for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including macroeconomics, biological systems, social networks, and electric power markets. Many of today's most challenging technical and policy questions can be reduced to a distributed economic control problem. Indeed, economically-based control of large-scale systems is founded on the conjecture that the price-based regulation (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and emergent optimal system control. This paper explores the state of the art in the use physical analogs for understanding the behavior of some econophysical systems and deriving stable and robust control strategies for them. In particular we review and discuss applications of some analytic methods based on a thermodynamic metaphor according to which the interplay between system entropy and conservation laws gives rise to intuitive and governing global properties of complex systems that cannot be otherwise understood.

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arXiv2003

Statistical Mechanics: A Possible Model for Market-based Electric Power Control

Statistical mechanics provides a useful analog for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including electric power markets and the power systems they intend to govern. Market-based control is founded on the conjecture that the regulation of complex systems based on price-mediated strategies (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and emergent optimal system control. This paper discusses the derivation and some illustrative applications of a first-principles model of market-based system dynamics based on strict analogies to statistical mechanics.

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arXiv2003

Power market dynamics: the statistical mechanics of transaction-based control

Statistical mechanics provides a useful analog for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including power markets and the power systems they intend to govern. Transaction-based control is founded on the conjecture that the regulation of complex systems based on price-mediated strategies (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and an emergent optimal control. We outline a model based on strict analogies to thermodynamic quantities. The model accurately describes power market data collected from three North American independent system operators (ISO) in recent years. The ISO data is analyzed, comparing the behavioral similarities and differences that are observed.

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