SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

Debasish Chaudhuri

Publications and source records attributed to Debasish Chaudhuri.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Asymmetry-controlled resonant transport in a Brownian flashing ratchet

We investigate directed transport in a one-dimensional Brownian flashing ratchet with a piecewise-linear asymmetric periodic potential. Numerical solutions of the Fokker--Planck equation and Brownian dynamics simulations reveal a nonmonotonic dependence of the stationary current on the switching frequency, with a resonant maximum whose position depends on the potential asymmetry $\delta$ and barrier height $\Delta$. For moderate asymmetry, $|\delta|<0.5$, the current obeys a scaling form that separates the dependence on the potential parameters from a common frequency dependence, resulting in a data collapse upon appropriate scaling of the current and frequency. The current amplitude varies linearly with $\delta$, while the resonance frequency follows $\nu(\delta,\Delta)=\nu_0(\Delta)/ [1-b_0\, \delta^2]$. We interpret the resulting $(1-\delta^2)^{-1}$ scaling in terms of coupled relaxation along the two branches of the asymmetric potential, which provides a physical basis for the observed dependence of the resonant frequency on the potential asymmetry.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Non-monotonic diffusion from nonequilibrium driving

The stochastic dynamics of interacting particles far from equilibrium remains a fundamental challenge in statistical physics. While reciprocal interactions often permit effective one-body descriptions, such reductions generally fail for nonreciprocal interactions, which are ubiquitous in driven and active systems. We develop a unified theoretical framework for interacting particles with reciprocal and nonreciprocal couplings, applicable to the principal classes of active matter, including run-and-tumble, active Brownian, and active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles. As a minimal example, we study a passive particle driven by an active particle. On a periodic ring, we show analytically that the driven particle is always diffusive at long times, independent of the microscopic driving mechanism. Analytical predictions and numerical simulations reveal a nonmonotonic dependence of the effective diffusivity on the driving activity, giving rise to both enhanced and suppressed transport. Remarkably, the same behavior occurs in an equilibrium system driven out of equilibrium by coupling the driving particle to a higher local temperature. Our framework quantitatively captures both systems, identifies the common mechanism underlying the nonmonotonic transport, and establishes a unified description of transport under active and passive nonequilibrium driving.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Independent Control of Transport and Order in a Ratcheted Colloidal Suspension

We study directed transport in a two-dimensional suspension of repulsively interacting colloids driven by a stochastic asymmetric piecewise-linear flashing ratchet using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The driving frequency and the ratchet asymmetry offer two independent ways of controlling the particle current, but they affect the suspension differently. At fixed asymmetry, the current shows a resonance with ratcheting frequency that is set by the collective relaxation dynamics of the interacting particles. The resulting increase in transport is accompanied by defect-mediated structural changes, showing density-dependent hexatic and solid-like states, with larger currents generally associated with weaker ordering. By contrast, at fixed frequency, changing the ratchet asymmetry mainly alters the strength of the directed bias and can significantly enhance the current while leaving the hexatic order largely unchanged. Near the equilibrium hexatic-melting regime, this makes it possible to generate substantial directed currents without strongly disrupting sixfold orientational order. These results show that frequency tuning couples transport to structural reorganization, whereas asymmetry tuning primarily controls transport leaving the structure largely unaltered, providing distinct and complementary routes for manipulating transport and order in driven colloidal suspensions.

cond-mat.soft

Finite-Time Orientational Relaxation Restructures Collective Motion in Polar Active Matter

We introduce a Langevin formulation of Vicsek-like active particles in which orientations evolve through finite-rate relaxation toward the local mean direction, with alignment strength $J$ and rotational diffusivity $D_r$, thereby combining Vicsek-type local consensus with XY-like orientational dynamics. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we determine the nonequilibrium phase diagram as a function of activity and alignment rate. Increasing the alignment rate drives a sequence of transitions from a homogeneous isotropic state to polar bands, a cross-sea phase of intersecting bands, a homogeneous polar state, and ultimately a micro-clustered regime. The isotropic-to-polar transition is strongly first order, as evidenced by Binder cumulants and bimodal distributions of local polarization and density, indicating coexistence of gas-like and liquid-like regions. Near the onset of collective motion, band size increases with activity but depends non-monotonically on alignment rate. Further increasing the alignment rate drives the system through the cross-sea and homogeneous polar phases before enhanced density fluctuations lead to micro-clustering. Our results demonstrate that finite-time orientational relaxation acts as a control parameter that qualitatively restructures collective behavior in polar active matter.

cond-mat.soft

Characterizing exact dynamics of a trapped active Brownian particle under torque in two and three dimensions

The interplay of chirality, self-propulsion, and spatial confinement generates striking non-equilibrium fluctuations whose higher-order statistics carry information about the dynamics and shape of the position distribution. Here, we present an exact analytical framework, based on a Laplace-transform solution of the Fokker-Planck equation, for the transient dynamics of a chiral active Brownian particle in a harmonic trap, in both two and three dimensions. We obtain closed-form expressions for all time-dependent moments up to fourth order, enabling a complete characterization of the excess kurtosis throughout the transient and steady-state regimes. In two dimensions, the excess kurtosis exhibits a damped oscillatory response with multiple re-entrant crossovers, evolving from negative values that reflect active off-centered ring-like position distributions to positive values characteristic of heavy-tailed fluctuations. This damped oscillatory excess kurtosis appears both for free and harmonic confinement, although increasing the trapping stiffness progressively suppresses it, and the positive excess kurtosis eventually vanishes at sufficiently high stiffness. In contrast, in three dimensions, the excess kurtosis remains negative, indicating a robustly active non-Gaussian state characterized by half-ring-like to band-like position distributions in the two-dimensional plane spanned by the torque axis and its normal radial direction. Our results demonstrate how chirality, propulsion, and confinement, together with dimensionality, shape transient dynamics, while providing experimentally accessible signatures of confined chiral active dynamics.

cond-mat.soft

Interplay of activity and non-reciprocity in tracer dynamics: From non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation to giant diffusion

Non-reciprocal interactions play a key role in shaping transport in active and passive systems, giving rise to striking nonequilibrium behavior. Here, we study the dynamics of a tracer -- active or passive -- embedded in a bath of active or passive particles, coupled through non-reciprocal interactions. Starting from the microscopic stochastic dynamics of the full system, we derive an overdamped generalized Langevin equation for the tracer, incorporating a non-Markovian memory kernel that captures bath-mediated correlations. This framework allows us to compute the tracer's velocity and displacement response, formulate a generalized nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation, and determine the mean-squared displacement (MSD). We find that while the MSD becomes asymptotically diffusive, the effective diffusivity depends non-monotonically on the degree of non-reciprocity and exhibits a pronounced enhancement near a resonance set by the number of bath particles. We refer to this regime as giant diffusivity. We further show that this enhanced transport is accompanied by a strong increase in heat dissipation, revealing a direct thermodynamic cost of non-reciprocal transport. Our analytical predictions are supported by numerical simulations, including systems with short-range interactions, demonstrating the robustness of giant diffusivity and highlighting experimentally accessible signatures of non-reciprocal interactions in soft materials.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Crossover dynamics and non-Gaussian fluctuations in inertial active chains

We study the dynamics of inertial active particles in a one-dimensional chain with harmonic nearest-neighbor interactions, highlighting the interplay of persistence, interaction, and inertial timescales. Using a Green's function approach, we derive the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and mean-squared change in velocity (MSCV), revealing multiple crossovers between ballistic, diffusive, and subdiffusive regimes and providing analytic expressions for scaling coefficients and crossover times. Non-Gaussian deviations in active Brownian particles are captured through excess kurtosis, reflecting heavy-tailed, finite-support, or bimodal distributions that evolve systematically over time. Time-dependent probability distributions exhibit distinct data collapses within different temporal regimes, confirming the robustness of the scaling behavior. Overall, this framework connects multiparticle interactions to microscopic dynamics, revealing experimentally accessible signatures of inertia in active matter.

cond-mat.stat-mech

From spirals to flagellar beating: How pivot-like defects control semiflexible filament dynamics in motility assays

We demonstrate that internal pivot-like defects, arising from rigor mutant motor proteins that bind without stepping, fundamentally reshape the dynamics of semiflexible filaments in two-dimensional motility assays. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we show that such internal pivots establish a previously unrecognized boundary condition, intermediate between free and clamped filaments, that decisively governs filament behavior. Strikingly, by tuning the pivot position, motor activity, and processivity, filaments undergo sharp transitions from tightly wound spiral states to extended, flagella-like beating. Spiral formation is stabilized by a balance between motor-driven forces and bending rigidity, with intermediate stiffness yielding the most robust spirals. Unlike generic active polymer models, our framework isolates the distinct role of rigor-bound motor proteins, revealing how they function as internal control elements governing the transition between spiral and flagellar dynamics. This minimal yet physically grounded model yields experimentally testable predictions and reveals how localized defects can act as key regulators of cytoskeletal organization and dynamics.

physics.bio-ph

Active stop and go motion: a strategy to improve spatial exploration and survival

We consider active Brownian particles that intermittently switch between active and inactive states. Such behavior is ubiquitous at all scales, from bacteria to animals and in artificial active systems. We derive exact expressions for key transport properties, including velocity autocorrelations and diffusion coefficients, and demonstrate that particle dispersion is highly sensitive to minute details, such as whether the memory of active orientation is retained across a stop event. Extending the model to include minimal metabolic dynamics, we show that the average survival time of the particle is maximized at (i)~an optimal stopping frequency and (ii)~a non-trivial optimal diffusivity, which itself depends on the stopping frequency.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Chirality, confinement and dimensionality govern re-entrant transitions in active matter

The non-equilibrium dynamics of individual chiral active particles underpin the complex behavior of chiral active matter. Here we present an exact analytical framework, supported by simulations, to characterize the steady states of two-dimensional chiral active Brownian particles and three-dimensional torque-driven counterparts in a harmonic trap. Using a Laplace-transform approach of the Fokker-Planck equation, we derive closed-form expressions for displacement moments and excess kurtosis, providing a precise probe of non-Gaussian statistics. Our analysis reveals three distinct regimes: bimodal active states with off-center peaks, Gaussian-like passive states, and weakly heavy-tailed distributions unique to two dimensions. We show that dimensionality plays a decisive role: in two dimensions, increasing chirality suppresses activity and restores passive behavior, while in three dimensions torque preserves activity along the torque axis, producing anisotropic steady states. These behaviors are captured by simple active length-scale arguments that map the boundaries between passive and active phases. Our results offer concrete experimental signatures - including kurtosis crossovers, off-center peaks, and torque-induced anisotropy - that establish confinement as a powerful tool to probe and control chiral and torque-driven active matter.

cond-mat.soft

Self-organized fractal architectures driven by motility-dependent chemotactic feedback

Complex spatial patterns in biological systems often arise through self-organization without a central coordination, guided by local interactions and chemical signaling. In this study, we explore how motility-dependent chemical deposition and concentration-sensitive feedback can give rise to fractal-like networks, using a minimal agent-based model. Agents deposit chemicals only while moving, and their future motion is biased by local chemical gradients. This interaction generates a rich variety of self-organized structures resembling those seen in processes like early vasculogenesis and epithelial cell dispersal. We identify a diverse phase diagram governed by the rates of chemical deposition and decay, revealing transitions from uniform distributions to sparse and dense networks, and ultimately to full phase separation. At low chemical decay rates, agents form stable, system-spanning networks; further reduction leads to re-entry into a uniform state. A continuum model capturing the co-evolution of agent density and chemical fields confirms these transitions and reveals how linear stability criteria determine the observed phases. At low chemical concentrations, diffusion dominates and promotes fractal growth, while higher concentrations favor nucleation and compact clustering. These findings unify a range of biological phenomena - such as chemotaxis, tissue remodeling, and self-generated gradient navigation - within a simple, physically grounded framework. Our results also offer insights into designing artificial systems with emergent collective behavior, including robotic swarms or synthetic active matter.

physics.bio-ph

Role of activity and dissipation in achieving precise beating in cilia: Insights from the rower model

Cilia and flagella are micron-sized filaments that actively beat with remarkable precision in a viscous medium, driving microorganism movement and efficient flow. We study the rower model to uncover how cilia activity and dissipation enable this precise motion. In this model, cilia motion is represented by a micro-bead's Brownian movement between two distant harmonic potentials. At specific locations, energy pumps trigger potential switches, capturing cilia activity and generating oscillations. We quantify precision of oscillation using a quality factor, identifying its scaling with activity and oscillation amplitude, finding precision maximization at an optimal amplitude. The data collapse is not accurate for noisy oscillations. An exact analytic expression for the precision quality factor, based on first passage time fluctuations, and derived in the small noise approximation, explains its optimality and scaling. Energy budget analysis shows the quality factor's consistency with the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. Finally, we demonstrate that asymmetric beating reduces oscillation precision compared to the symmetric model: although the optimal amplitude remains unchanged, the overall scaling of the quality factor depends explicitly on the asymmetry parameter.

cond-mat.soft

Activated solids: Spontaneous deformations, non-affine fluctuations, softening, and failure

Internal activity can fundamentally reshape the mechanical behavior of solids, yet its role in softening and failure remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigate spontaneous deformations in activated solids via non-affine fluctuations that quantify local rearrangements relative to global strain. Using scaling analysis and numerical simulations, we show that non-affinity in crystalline solids grows quadratically with active speed, increases linearly with persistence time before saturating, and scales inversely with the distance to the melting density. Spatial correlations reveal an activity-dependent growing correlation length, while relaxation dynamics are governed by the active persistence time. With increasing activity, the distributions of local non-affinity broaden, become more skewed, and develop heavy tails, eventually forming a secondary maximum that signals coexisting small and large non-affinities; this heterogeneity precedes defect formation and two-step melting from solid to hexatic and ultimately to fluid. Finally, we demonstrate that spatially patterned activation provides a simple route to locally induce non-affinity and mechanical softening. Our predictions are experimentally testable and suggest a pathway to tunable mechanics in adaptive metamaterials, with implications for mechanical regulation in biological systems.

cond-mat.soft

Mechanistic insights into Z-ring formation and stability: A Langevin dynamics approach to FtsZ self-assembly

The tubulin-like protein FtsZ is crucial for cytokinesis in bacteria and many archaea, forming a ring-shaped structure called the Z-ring at the site of cell division. Despite extensive research, the self-assembly of Z-rings is not entirely understood. We propose a theoretical model based on FtsZ's known filament structures, treating them as semiflexible polymers with specific mechanical properties and lateral inter-segment attraction that can stabilize ring formations. Our molecular dynamics simulations reveal various morphological phases, including open helices, chains, rings, and globules, capturing experimental observations in the fission yeast model using FtsZ from different bacterial species or mutants of Escherichia coli. Using our theoretical model, we explore how treadmilling activity affects Z-ring stability and identify a spooling mechanism of ring formation. The active ring produces contractile, shear, and rotational stresses, which intensify as the Z-ring transitions to an open helix at high activity.

physics.bio-ph

Dynamical metastability and re-entrant localization of trapped active elements with speed and orientation fluctuations

We explore the dynamics of active elements performing persistent random motion with fluctuating active speed and in the presence of translational noise in a $d$-dimensional harmonic trap, modeling active speed generation through an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Our approach employs an exact analytic method based on the Fokker-Planck equation to compute time-dependent moments of any dynamical variable of interest across arbitrary dimensions. We analyze dynamical crossovers in particle displacement before reaching the steady state, focusing on three key timescales: speed relaxation, persistence, and dynamical relaxation in the trap. Notably, for slow active speed relaxation, we observe an intermediate time metastable saturation in the mean-squared displacement before reaching the final steady state. The steady-state distributions of particle positions exhibit two types of non-Gaussian departures based on control parameters: bimodal distributions with negative excess kurtosis and heavy-tailed unimodal distributions with positive excess kurtosis. We obtain detailed steady-state phase diagrams using the exact calculation of excess kurtosis, identifying Gaussian and non-Gaussian regions and possible re-entrant transitions.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Activity-induced phase transition and coarsening dynamics in dry apolar active nematics

Using the Lebwohl-Lasher interaction for reciprocal local alignment, we present a comprehensive phase diagram for a dry, apolar, active nematic system using its stochastic \new{off-lattice} dynamics. \new{The nematic-isotropic transition in this system is first-order and occurs alongside a fluctuation-dominated phase separation.} Our phase diagram identifies three distinct regions based on activity and orientational noise relative to alignment strength: a homogeneous isotropic phase, a nematic phase with giant density fluctuations, and a coexistence region. Using mean-field analysis and hydrodynamic theory, we demonstrate that reciprocal interactions lead to a density fluctuation-induced first-order transition and derive a phase boundary consistent with numerical results. Quenching from the isotropic to nematic phase reveals coarsening dynamics where nematic ordering precedes particle clustering. Both the nematic and density fields exhibit similar scaling behaviors, exhibiting dynamic exponents $z_S \approx 2.5$ and $z_ρ\approx 2.34$, consistently falling within the range of 2 and 3.

cond-mat.soft

UNC-104 transport properties are robust and independent of changes in its cargo binding

Cargo distribution within eukaryotic cells relies on the active transport mechanisms driven by molecular motors. Despite their critical role, the intricate relationship between motor transport properties and cargo binding - and its impact on motor distribution - remains inadequately understood. Additionally, improper regulation of ubiquitination, a pivotal post-translational modification that affects protein degradation, activation, and localization, is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data showed that ubiquitination can alter motor-cargo binding of the Kinesin-3 motor UNC-104 / KIF1A that transports synaptic vesicles. To investigate how ubiquitin-like modifications affect motor protein function, particularly cargo binding, transport properties, and distribution, we utilize the PLM neuron of C. elegans as a model system. Using fluorescent microscopy, we assess the distribution of cargo-bound UNC-104 motors along the axon and probe their dynamics using FRAP experiments. We model cargo binding kinetics with a Master equation and motor density dynamics using a Fokker-Planck approach. Our combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that ubiquitin-like knockdowns enhance UNC-104's cooperative binding to its cargo. However, these modifications do not affect UNC-104's transport properties, such as processivity and diffusivity. Thus, while ubiquitin-like modifications significantly impact the cargo-binding of UNC-104, they do not alter its transport dynamics, keeping the homeostatic distribution of UNC-104 unchanged.

physics.bio-ph

Inertia and Activity: Spiral transitions in semi-flexible, self-avoiding polymers

We consider a two-dimensional, tangentially active, semi-flexible, self-avoiding polymer to find a dynamical re-entrant transition between motile open chains and spinning achiral spirals with increasing activity. Utilizing probability distributions of the turning number, we ascertain the comparative stability of the spiral structure and present a detailed phase diagram within the activity inertia plane. The onset of spiral formation at low activity levels is governed by a torque balance and is independent of inertia. At higher activities, however, inertial effects lead to spiral destabilization, an effect absent in the overdamped limit. We further delineate alterations in size and shape by analyzing the end-to-end distance distribution and the radius of gyration tensor. The Kullback-Leibler divergence from equilibrium distributions exhibits a non-monotonic relationship with activity, reaching a peak at the most compact spirals characterized by the most persistent spinning. As inertia increases, this divergence from equilibrium diminishes.

cond-mat.soft