Bosonization in $R$-paraparticle Luttinger models
Alternative theories of quantum statistics provide an avenue for exploring novel physics beyond bosons and fermions, yet experimental verification of their existence in nature proves a challenging task. Among these theories, it has recently been suggested that $R$ parastatistics can be realized as quasiparticle excitations in many-body systems. In this paper, we build on this idea by showing that signatures of $R$ parastatistics can be observed as flavor-charge separation in one-dimensional (1D) systems. We consider a generalized version of the Luttinger model (LM) and show that bosonization persists when the $R$ paraparticles have Fermi-surface-like structures. These $R$ parafermions can satisfy generalized exclusion principles beyond conventional Pauli's. We show that density waves of all $R$ parafermions can always be bosonized, but flavor waves act like bosons only for a certain subclass of $R$ parafermions. We derive the conditions for bosonization by analyzing the LM spectrum, showing that bosonization applies only to low-temperature systems. Signatures of flavor-charge separation then become apparent as distinct dispersion profiles when we turn on interparticle interactions. This points to potential observations of flavor-charge separation in 1D systems that host emergent $R$ paraparticles.