Diffusion MRI preprocessing affects ADC estimation and automatic PI-RADS v2.1 classification in bi-parametric prostate MRI
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is acquired as part of bi-parametric prostate MRI, but suffers from artifacts that degrade downstream quantitative and diagnostic performance. While DWI preprocessing is standard in brain imaging, its adoption in prostate imaging remains limited and lacks standardized pipelines. This study investigated the effect of different DWI preprocessing strategies on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimation and automatic Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) classification. 268 cases were derived from the fastMRI prostate cohort by sequentially applying denoising, Gibbs-ringing correction, and diffeomorphic registration for susceptibility distortion correction. ADC maps were compared using linear least squares (LLS) and iteratively-weighted LLS (IWLLS). A 3-class DenseNet classifier was trained to predict PI-RADS scores from multi-channel MRI inputs. ADC analysis revealed statistically significant differences across preprocessing pipelines, with LLS and IWLLS producing numerically equivalent maps. Linear relationships between ADC values were preserved across most datasets (PCC ~0.99), while distortion correction realigned DWI to T2w anatomy and altered ADC values accordingly (PCC ~0.90). Classification showed the best AUROC and sensitivity for high-risk PI-RADS classes in the fully processed dataset. False-negative analysis revealed this dataset produced the least overconfident incorrect predictions on high-risk classes, which is a desirable property for clinical triage. DWI preprocessing, particularly distortion correction, enhances both ADC map quality and the predictive power of deep learning models for PI-RADS classification, supporting the need for optimized preprocessing pipelines in prostate MRI.