arXiv subjects

Dennis Krummacker

Publications and source records attributed to Dennis Krummacker.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Use Cases, Metrics, and Challenges of Nomadic Non-Public Networks for the 6G Standardization

Wireless communication is evolving with the adoption of dynamic and self-organizing networks. They are expected to play a crucial role in shaping sixth-generation (6G) systems and the ongoing standardization process. The concept of non-public networks (NPNs) introduced in fifth-generation (5G) will be enhanced by nomadic non-public networks (NNPNs), extending mobility and adaptability beyond fixed locations. These networks help overcome the limitations of traditional static infrastructures, making them applicable to areas such as emergency response, transportation, agriculture, and others. This paper examines the transition from NPNs to NNPNs, highlighting key technical aspects such as network architecture, dynamic resource allocation, and wireless backhauling. Several use cases illustrate how NNPNs improve connectivity in environments where traditional networks are limited. Additionally, the study defines Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to evaluate NNPN applications and establishes a framework for categorizing them based on mobility and operational requirements. Despite their advantages, NNPNs introduce architectural, regulatory, and security challenges such as new approaches for handovers, spectrum policies or cross-border functionality, and trust mechanisms to maintain reliable operations. By identifying use cases, defining evaluation criteria, and addressing technical and regulatory challenges, this paper provides insights into integrating NNPNs into future 6G networks. These findings contribute to ongoing standardization efforts and emphasize the need for adaptable policies and network architectures to maximize the benefits of NNPNs in next-generation communication systems.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2025

FedAvgen: Metadata for Model Aggregation In Communication Systems

To improve business efficiency and minimize costs, Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners have adopted a shift from formulating models from scratch towards sharing pretrained models. The pretrained models are then aggregated into a global model with higher generalization capabilities, which is afterwards distributed to the client devices. This approach is known as federated learning and inherently utilizes different techniques to select the candidate client models averaged to obtain the global model. This approach, in the case of communication systems, faces challenges arising from the existential diversity in device profiles. The multiplicity in profiles motivates our conceptual assessment of a metaheuristic algorithm (FedAvgen), which relates each pretrained model with its weight space as metadata, to a phenotype and genotype, respectively. This parent-child genetic evolution characterizes the global averaging step in federated learning. We then compare the results of our approach to two widely adopted baseline federated learning algorithms like Federated Averaging (FedAvg) and Federated Stochastic Gradient Descent (FedSGD).

cs.NE↗

arXiv2025

Implementation Analysis of Collaborative Robot Digital Twins in Physics Engines

This paper presents a Digital Twin (DT) of a 6G communications system testbed that integrates two robotic manipulators with a high-precision optical infrared tracking system in Unreal Engine 5. Practical details of the setup and implementation insights provide valuable guidance for users aiming to replicate such systems, an endeavor that is crucial to advancing DT applications within the scientific community. Key topics discussed include video streaming, integration within the Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2), and bidirectional communication. The insights provided are intended to support the development and deployment of DTs in robotics and automation research.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2024

Architectural Challenges of Nomadic Networks in 6G

This paper examines architectural challenges and opportunities arising from Nomadic Networks in the context of emerging 6G research. Nomadic networks are proposed as a solution to the limitations of stationary communication networks, providing enhanced connectivity for dynamic and mobile environments, such as large outdoor events, emergency situations and mobile industrial applications. The key requirements for nomadic networks are outlined, including functional split within the Radio Access Network and robust backhauling solutions. It also addresses the complexity of managing network components, ensuring interoperability with existing systems and maintaining stakeholder trust. A comprehensive architectural framework for Nomadic Networks in 6G is proposed. Different deployment scenarios for Nomadic Networks are investigated, including spawned, steered, and wandering Radio Access Networks as well as integrated, migrated and donated Core Networks. By introducing Nomadic-Network-as-a-Service and a related orchestration framework, the potential for flexible and scalable network management is emphasized. By addressing the architectural challenges, the paper provides a path for the successful implementation of Nomadic Networks towards more adaptable and flexible 6G networks that can meet the evolving needs of multiple sectors.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

Nomadic Non-Public Networks for 6G: Use Cases and Key Performance Indicators

The landscape of wireless communication systems is evolving rapidly, with a pivotal role envisioned for dynamic network structures and self-organizing networks in upcoming technologies like the 6G mobile communications standard. This evolution is fueled by the growing demand from diverse sectors, including industry, manufacturing, agriculture, and the public sector, each with increasingly specific requirements. The establishment of non-public networks in the current 5G standard has laid a foundation, enabling independent operation within certain frequencies and local limitations, notably for Internet of Things applications. This paper explores the progression from non-public networks to nomadic non-public networks and their significance in the context of the forthcoming 6G era. Building on existing work in dynamic network structures, non-public networks regulations, and alternative technological solutions, this paper introduces specific use cases enhanced by nomadic networks. In addition, relevant Key Performance Indicators are discussed on the basis of the presented use cases. These serve as a starting point for the definition of requirement clusters and thus for a evaluation metric of nomadic non-public networks. This work lays the groundwork for understanding the potential of nomadic non-public networks in the dynamic landscape of 6G wireless communication systems.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

A Communication-Efficient Digital Twin Framework for PSO-Based Swarm Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance

Swarm-based target localization in industrial environments faces two major challenges: navigating obstacle-rich spaces and managing intensive communication among agents. This paper proposes a communication-efficient digital twin (DT) framework for Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based swarm navigation and obstacle avoidance. The DT, deployed on a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) server, maintains a virtual replica of the environment to provide global guidance and obstacle bypassing when agents become trapped or experience poor connectivity. By reducing unnecessary peer-to-peer communication and centralizing environmental information, the proposed framework improves both navigation efficiency and communication resource utilization. Simulation results demonstrate that the DT-assisted PSO with obstacle avoidance achieves faster convergence and significantly lower communication load compared with decentralized P2P and random-walk PSO approaches. These findings highlight the potential of integrating DT with swarm intelligence to enhance cooperative exploration in complex industrial scenarios such as chemical leakage localization.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2024

A Comprehensive Tutorial and Survey of O-RAN: Exploring Slicing-aware Architecture, Deployment Options, Use Cases, and Challenges

Open-radio access network (O-RAN) seeks to establish the principles of openness, programmability, automation, intelligence, and hardware-software disaggregation with interoperable and standard-compliant interfaces. It advocates for multi-vendorism and multi-stakeholderism within a cloudified and virtualized wireless infrastructure, aimed at enhancing the deployment, operation, and management of RAN architecture. These enhancements promise increased flexibility, performance optimization, service innovation, energy efficiency, and cost effectiveness across fifth-generation (5G), sixth-generation (6G), and beyond networks. A silent feature of O-RAN architecture is its support for network slicing, which entails interaction with other domains of the cellular network, notably the transport network (TN) and the core network (CN), to realize end-to-end (E2E) network slicing. The study of this feature requires exploring the stances and contributions of diverse standards development organizations (SDOs). In this context, we note that despite the ongoing industrial deployments and standardization efforts, the research and standardization communities have yet to comprehensively address network slicing in O-RAN. To address this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive exploration of network slicing in O-RAN through an in-depth review of specification documents from O-RAN Alliance and research papers from leading industry and academic institutions. The paper commences with an overview of the relevant standardization and open source contributions, subsequently delving into the latest O-RAN architecture with an emphasis on its slicing aspects. Furthermore, the paper explores O-RAN deployment scenarios, examining options for the deployment and orchestration of RAN and TN slice subnets. It also discusses the slicing of the underlying infrastructure and provides an overview of various use cases related...

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

Resource Allocation in Mobile Networks: A Decision Model Of Jockeying in Queues

Use-case-specific network slicing in decentralized multi-tenancy cloud environments is a promising approach to bridge the gap between the demand and supply of resources in next-generation communication networks. Our findings associate different slice profiles to queues in a multi-server setting, such that tenants continuously assess their preferences and make rational decisions to minimize the queuing delay. Deviated from classical approaches that statistically model the jockeying phenomena in queuing systems, our work pioneers to setup a behavioral model of jockeying impatient tenants. This will serve as a basis for decentralized management of multi-queue systems, where the decision to jockey is individually made by each tenant upon its up-to-date assessment of expected waiting time. Additionally, we carry out numerical simulations to empirically unravel the parametric dependencies of the tenants' jockeying behavior.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2024

Chronicles of Jockeying in Queuing Systems

Emerging trends in communication systems, such as network softwarization, functional disaggregation, and multi-access edge computing (MEC), are reshaping both the infrastructural landscape and the application ecosystem. These transformations introduce new challenges for packet transmission, task offloading, and resource allocation under stringent service-level requirements. A key factor in this context is queue impatience, where waiting entities alter their behavior in response to delay. While balking and reneging have been widely studied, this survey focuses on the less explored but operationally significant phenomenon of jockeying, i.e. the switching of jobs or users between queues. Although a substantial body of literature models jockeying behavior, the diversity of approaches raises questions about their practical applicability in dynamic, distributed environments such as 5G and Beyond. This chronicle reviews and classifies these studies with respect to their methodologies, modeling assumptions, and use cases, with particular emphasis on communication systems and MEC scenarios. We argue that forthcoming architectural transformations in next-generation networks will render many existing jockeying models inapplicable. By highlighting emerging paradigms such as MEC, network slicing, and network function virtualization, we identify open challenges, including state dissemination, migration cost, and stability, that undermine classical assumptions. We further outline design principles and research directions, emphasizing hybrid architectures and decentralized decision making as foundations for re-conceptualizing impatience in next-generation communication systems.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2022

Trust-Awareness to Secure Swarm Intelligence from Data Injection Attack

Enabled by the emerging industrial agent (IA) technology, swarm intelligence (SI) is envisaged to play an important role in future industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) that is shaped by Sixth Generation (6G) mobile communications and digital twin (DT). However, its fragility against data injection attack may halt it from practical deployment. In this paper we propose an efficient trust approach to address this security concern for SI.

cs.NE↗

arXiv2022

Massive Twinning to Enhance Emergent Intelligence

As a complement to conventional AI solutions, emergent intelligence (EI) exhibits competitiveness in 6G IIoT scenario for its various outstanding features including robustness, protection to privacy, and scalability. However, despite the low computational complexity, EI is challenged by its high demand of data traffic in massive deployment. We propose to leverage massive twinning, which 6G is envisaged to support, to reduce the data traffic in EI and therewith enhance its performance.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2019

The Dos and Don'ts of Industrial Network Simulation: A Field Report

Advances in industrial control lead to increasing incorporation of intercommunication technologies and embedded devices into the production environment. In addition to that, the rising complexity of automation tasks creates demand for extensive solutions. Standardised protocols and commercial off the shelf devices aid in providing these solutions. Still, setting up industrial communication networks is a tedious and high effort task. This justifies the need for simulation environments in the industrial context, as they provide cost-, resource- and time-efficient evaluation of solution approaches. In this work, industrial use cases are identified and the according requirements are derived. Furthermore, available simulation and emulation tools are analysed. They are mapped onto the requirements of industrial applications, so that an expressive assignment of solutions to application domains is given.

cs.NI↗