Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Dharam Vir Ahluwalia

Publications and source records attributed to Dharam Vir Ahluwalia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Irreducible representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group with two-fold Wigner degeneracy

Not all complete set of spinors can be used as expansion coefficients of a quantum field. In fact, Steven Weinberg established the uniqueness of Dirac spinors for this purpose provided: (a) one paid due attention to the multiplicative phases for each of the spinors, and (b) one paired these to creation and annihilation operators in a specific manner. This is implicit in his implementation of the rotational symmetry for the spin half quantum field. Among the numerous complete set of spinors that are available to a physicist, Elko occupies a unique status that allows it to enter as expansion coefficients of a quantum field without violating Weinberg's no go theorem. How this paradigm changing claim arises is the primary subject of this communication. Weinberg's no go theorem is evaded by exploiting a uniquely special feature of Elko that allows us to introduce a doubling of the particle-antiparticle degrees of freedom from four to eight. Weinberg had dismissed this degeneracy on the ground that, "no examples are known of particles that furnish unconventional representations of inversions." Here we will find that this degeneracy, once envisioned by Eugene Wigner, in fact gives rise to a quantum field that has all the theoretical properties required of dark matter.

hep-th↗

Spin-half bosons with mass dimension three half: Evading the spin-statistics theorem

By exploiting the freedom in defining the dual of spinors, we report an unexpected theoretical discovery of a quantum field theory of spin-half bosons. It fulfils Dirac's 1969-70 observation that "there must be boson variables connected with electrons." The theory is local, Lorentz-invariant, and has a positive-definite Hamiltonian. We formulate the unitarity-preserving scattering theory to accommodate the new dual and the associated adjoint. A model of Yukawa interaction with spin-half bosons and fermions of equal masses is studied to explicitly show unitarity.

hep-th↗

Significance of classically forbidden regions for short baseline neutrino experiments

Classically forbidden regions ($\mathtt{CFRs}$) are common to both non-relativistic quantum mechanics, and to relativistic quantum field theory. It is known since 2001 that $\mathtt{CFR}$ contributes roughly sixteen percent of energy to the ground state of a simple harmonic oscillator (Adunas G. Z. et al., Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 33 (2001) 183). Similarly, quantum field theoretic arguments yield a non-zero amplitude for a massive particle to cross the light cone (that is, into the $\mathtt{CFR}$). The signs of these amplitudes are opposite for fermions and antifermions. This has given rise to an erroneous conclusion that amplitude to cross the lightcone is identically zero. This is true as long as a measurement does not reveal the considered object to be a particle or antiparticle. However, neutrino oscillation experiments do measure a neutrino $ν$, or an antineutrino $\barν$. Here we show that in the context of neutrino oscillations these observations have the potential to resolve various short baseline anomalies for a sufficiently light lowest mass eigenstate. In addition, we make a concrete prediction for the upcoming results to be announced later this year by JSNS$^2$.

hep-ph↗

Mass dimension one fields with Wigner degeneracy: A theory of dark matter

Whatever dark matter is, it must be one irreducible unitary representation of the extended Lorentz group or another. We here develop a formalism of mass dimension one fermions and bosons of spin one half, and show that they provide natural dark matter candidates. By construction, they are covariant under space-time translations and boosts. However, incorporating the rotational symmetry is non-trivial and requires introducing a two-fold Wigner degeneracy thus doubling the degrees of freedom for particles and anti particles from two to four. With Wigner degeneracy, we have a well-defined theory of mass dimension one fields of spin one half that are physically distinct from the Dirac field. They are local, Lorentz covariant and have positive definite free Hamiltonians. The developed framework also has the potential to resolve the cosmological constant problem, and supply dark energy.

physics.gen-ph↗

Mass dimension one fermions: Constructing darkness

Let $Θ$ be the Wigner time reversal operator for spin half and let $ϕ$ be a Weyl spinor. Then, for a left-transforming $ϕ$, the construct $ζ_λΘϕ^\ast$ yields a right-transforming spinor. If instead, $ϕ$ is a right-transforming spinor, then the construct $ζ_ρΘϕ^\ast$ results in a left-transforming spinor ($ζ_{λ,ρ}$ are phase factors). This allows us to introduce two sets of four-component spinors. Setting $ζ_λ$ and $ζ_ρ$ to $\pm i$ render all eight spinors as eigenspinor of the charge conjugation operator~$\mathcal{C}$ (called ELKO). This allows us to introduce two quantum fields. A calculation of the vacuum expectation value of the time-ordered product of the fields and their adjoints reveals the mass dimension of the fields to be one. Both fields are local in the canonical sense of quantum field theory. Interestingly, one of the fields is fermionic and the other bosonic. The mass dimension of the introduced fermionic fields and the matter fields of the Standard Model carry an intrinsic mismatch. As such, they provide natural darkness for the new fields with respect to the Standard Model doublets. The statistics and locality are controlled by a set of phases. These are explicitly given. Then we observe that in $p_μp^μ= m^2$, Dirac took the simplest square root of the $4\times 4$ identity matrix $I$ (in $I \times m^2 $, while introducing $γ_μp^μ$ as the square root of the left hand side of the dispersion relation), and as such he implicitly ignored the remaining fifteen. When we examine the remaining roots, we obtain additional bosonic and fermionic dark matter candidates of spin half. We point out that by early nineteen seventies, Dirac had suspected the existence of spin half bosons, in the same space as his fermions. Abstract truncated.

hep-ph↗

Elko and Mass Dimension One Fermions: Editorial

This editorial presents the quantum field theoretic ambiance in which Elko and mass dimension one fermions come to exist. This may serve not only to introduce Elko, and the associated quantum field, but it may also open a door to a new class of spin one half fermions and bosons. These new particles, as it will be argued in this volume, are first-principle candidates for dark matter.

hep-th↗

Spin-half bosons with mass dimension three half: towards a resolution of the cosmological constant problem

We have constructed a very different type of particle than any presently known. It is a boson and resides in the $(1/2,0)\oplus(0,1/2)$ representation space. The associated local field has mass dimension three half. These new bosons can only be created or destroyed in pairs. When paired with a fermion the total zero point energy of the boson-fermion system identically vanishes. This communication presents the new quantum field theoretic construct.

hep-th↗

A new class of mass dimension one fermions

These are notes on the square root of $4\times4$ identity matrix and associated quantum fields of spin one half. The method is illustrated by constructing a new mass dimension one fermionic field. The presented field is local. The field energy is bounded from below. It is argued that these fermions are a first-principle candidate for dark matter with an unsuppressed quartic self interaction.

physics.gen-ph↗

Theory of spin one half bosons

These are notes on the square root of $4\times4$ identity matrix and associated quantum fields of spin one half. The method is illustrated by constructing a new mass dimension one bosonic field. The locality constraint for the field leads naturally to maximum parity violation. The degrees of freedom carried by the new bosons are different from any massive boson previously encountered and coincide with those carried by spin one half fermions. We thus provide a quantum field suspected to exist by Dolgov and Smirnov in the context of cosmological neutrinos.

physics.gen-ph↗

Magnetic field creation by solar mass neutrino jets

Parity violation and its effects for neutrinos in astrophysical contexts have been considered earlier in pioneering papers of Hawking and Vilenkin. But because even the largest magnetic moments predicted by physics beyond the Standard Model are some twelve orders of magnitude smaller than the Bohr magneton, their implications for magnetic field generation and neutrino oscillations are generally considered insignificant. Here we show that since in astrophysical scenarios a huge number of neutrinos may be emitted, the smallness of the magnetic moment, when coupled with parity violation, is compensated by the sheer number of neutrinos. The merger of neutron stars would leave behind a short pulse of electromagnetic synchrotron radiation even if the neutrino jet in the merger points away from the neutrino detectors. We show that the magnetic field can be as large as $10^6\,\mbox{Gauss}$ and comment on the possibility of direct detection. Observation of such a pulse would lend strong support for neutrino magnetic moments and resolve the missing neutrino problem in neutron star mergers.

astro-ph.HE↗

Elko under spatial rotations

Under a rotation by an angle $\vartheta$, both the right- and left- handed Weyl spinors pick up a phase factor ${\exp(\pm\, i \vartheta/2)}$. The upper sign holds for the positive helicity spinors, while the lower sign for the negative helicity spinors. For $\vartheta = 2π$ radians this produces the famous minus sign. However, the four-component spinors are built from a direct sum of the indicated two-component spinors. The effect of the rotation by $2π$ radians on the eigenspinors of the parity - that is, the Dirac spinors -- is the same as on Weyl spinors. It is because for these spinors the right- and left- transforming components have the same helicity. And the rotation induced phases, being same, factor out. But for the eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator, i.e. Elko, the left- and right- transforming components have opposite helicities, and therefore they pick up opposite phases. As a consequence the behaviour of the eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator (Elko) is more subtle: for $0<\vartheta<2π$ a self conjugate spinor becomes a linear combination of the self and antiself conjugate spinors with $\vartheta$ dependent superposition coefficients - and yet the rotation preserves the self/antiself conjugacy of these spinors! This apparently paradoxical situation is fully resolved. This new effect, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported before. The purpose of this communication is to present this result and to correct an interpretational error of a previous version.

hep-th↗

Evading Weinberg's no-go theorem to construct mass dimension one fermions: Constructing darkness

Recent theoretical work reporting the construction of a new quantum field of spin one half fermions with mass dimension one requires that Weinberg's no go theorem must be evaded. Here we show how this comes about. The essence of the argument is to first define a quantum field with due care being taken in fixing the locality phases attached to each of the expansion coefficients. The second ingredient is to systematically construct the adjoint/dual of the field. The Feynman-Dyson propagator constructed from the vacuum expectation value of the field and its adjoint then yields the mass dimensionality of the field. For a quantum field constructed from a complete set of eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator, with locality phases judiciously chosen, the Feynman-Dyson propagator has mass dimension one. The Lorentz symmetry is preserved, locality anticommutators are satisfied, without violating fermionic statistics as needed for the spin one half field.

hep-th↗

Reflections of the observer and the observed in quantum gravity

A broad brush impressionistic view of physics from the vantage point of she living on a nearby dark-planet Zimpok is presented so as to argue that the observed and the observer are reflected in quantum gravity through a universal mass shared by neurones and a unification scale of the high energy physics.

gr-qc↗

A QFT-induced phase in neutrino flavour oscillations

In the extended Standard Model of particle physics, each neutrino mass eigenstate is predicted to have a tiny but non vanishing magnetic moment induced by quantum field theoretic corrections. These QFT-induced magnetic momenta depend linearly on masses of the underlying mass eigenstates with a proportionality constant ${3eG_{F}}/{(8\sqrt{2}π^{2})} $. As a consequence when neutrinos are embedded in an environment containing magnetic fields the flavour oscillations get a contribution from the induced relative phases.

hep-ph↗

The theory of local mass dimension one fermions of spin one half

About a decade ago the present author in collaboration with Daniel Grumiller presented an `unexpected theoretical discovery' of spin one-half fermions with mass dimension one [JCAP 2005, PRD 2005]. In the decade that followed a significant number of groups explored intriguing mathematical and physical properties of the new construct. However, the formalism suffered from two troubling features, that of non-locality and a subtle violation of Lorentz symmetry. Here, we trace the origin of both of these issues to a hidden freedom in the definition of duals of spinors and the associated field adjoints. In the process, for the first time, we provide a quantum theory of spin one-half fermions that is free from all the mentioned issues. The interactions of the new fermions are restricted to dimension-four quartic self interaction, and also to a dimension-four coupling with the Higgs. A generalised Yukawa coupling of the new fermions with neutrinos provides an hitherto unsuspected source of lepton-number violation. The new fermions thus present a first-principle dark matter partner to Dirac fermions of the standard model of high energy physics with contrasting mass dimensions -- that of three halves for the latter versus one of the former without mutating the statistics from fermionic to bosonic.

hep-th↗

Neutrino oscillations in accelerated states

We discuss the inverse $β$-decay of accelerated protons in the context of neutrino oscillations. The process $p\rightarrow n \ell^+ ν_\ell$ is kinematically allowed because the accelerating field provides the rest energy difference between initial and final states. The rate of $p\to n$ conversions can be evaluated in either the laboratory frame (where the proton is accelerating) or the co-moving frame (where the proton is at rest and interacts with an effective thermal bath of $\ell$ and $ν_\ell$ due to the Unruh effect). By explicit calculation, we show the rates in the two frames disagree when taking into account neutrino oscillations, because the weak interaction couples to charge eigenstates whereas gravity couples to neutrino mass eigenstates. The contradiction could be resolved experimentally, potentially yielding new information on the origins of neutrino masses.

hep-ph↗

On a local mass dimension one Fermi field of spin one-half and the theoretical crevice that allows it

Since the 1928 seminal work of Dirac, and its subsequent development by Weinberg, a view is held that there is a unique Fermi field of spin one-half. It is endowed with mass dimension three-half. Combined, these characteristics profoundly affect the phenomenology of the high energy physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. We here present a counter example by providing a local, mass dimension one, Fermi field of spin one-half. The theory, inter alia, thus allows dimensionless quartic self interaction for the new fermions, and its only other dimensionless coupling is quadratic in the new fermions and in the standard-model scalar field. For these reasons, the immediate application of the new theory resides in the dark-matter sector of physical reality. The lowest-mass associated new particle may leave its unique signature at the Large Hadron Collider. We discuss in detail the theoretical crevice that allows the existence of the new quantum field.

hep-th↗