Simulation of the expected performance for the proposed gamma-ray detector HiSCORE
The HiSCORE project aims at opening up a new energy window in gamma-ray astronomy: The energy range above 30 TeV and up to several PeV. For this, a new detector system is being designed. It consists of a large array of non-imaging Cherenkov detectors with a light sensitive area of 0.5 square metres each. The total effective area of the detector will be 100 square kilometres. A large inter-station distance of 150 metres and a simple and inexpensive station design will make the instrumentation of such a large area feasible. A detailed detector simulation and event reconstruction system has been developed and used in conjunction with the CORSIKA air-shower simulation to estimate the sensitivity of the detector to gamma-ray point sources. The threshold for gamma-rays is 44 TeV (50% trigger efficiency) in the standard configuration, and the minimal detectable flux from a point source is below 10^(-13) erg / (s cm^2) above 100 TeV. Several options to lower the energy threshold of the detector have been examined. The threshold is decreased to 34 TeV by a smaller station spacing of 100 metres, and is further decreased to 24 TeV if the detector is set up at an altitude of 2000 metres above sea level. At a spacing of 150 metres, however, a higher altitude has no positive effect on the energy threshold. The threshold can also be reduced if the detector stations consist of small, independent 2 x 2 sub-arrays. In this case, the station spacing is not significant for the threshold, but again a higher altitude decreases the threshold further.