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Dimitris Lagoudas

Publications and source records attributed to Dimitris Lagoudas.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

A BRAVE Alloy Design Campaign (Bayesian Risk-aware Alloy discoVery and Exploration)

In constrained alloy optimization, the compositions with the highest performance potential often reside at the boundary of phase stability -- where the risk of experimental failure is also highest. This work demonstrates this principle through a risk-aware Bayesian optimization campaign on single-phase FCC high-entropy alloys in the Al-V-Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni-Cu system. A learned feasibility classifier, integrated directly into the multi-objective acquisition function, probabilistically penalizes candidates likely to produce failed experiments while preserving access to high-performing boundary compositions. From approximately 27,000 CALPHAD-screened candidates, 48 alloys were synthesized over three closed-loop iterations targeting five objectives (yield strength, UTS/YS ratio, strain at UTS, dynamic-to-quasi-static hardness ratio, and simulated depth of penetration), exploring 0.12\% of the feasible space. Two compositional regimes emerged: a V-rich, Ni-rich high-strength regime (UTS up to ${\sim}1480$~MPa at 50% elongation) and a Mn-containing high-ductility regime (UTS/YS up to 4.20 at $>$50% elongation). Among feasible alloys, vanadium simultaneously drives yield strength ($r = 0.84$) and sigma-phase formation ($r = 0.54$ with infeasibility); at V = 24~at.%, the three strongest alloys and three sigma failures share the same compositional point. Additionally, the strongest performing alloys cluster in a narrow region of compositional space (V $\geq$ 20 at.%, Ni $\geq$ 36 at.%), representing ${\sim}100$ of $27,074$ feasible candidates -- a probability of $P \approx 6.5 \times 10^{-6}$ under random sampling. This dual role -- consistent with the KKT prediction that constrained optima lie on active constraint boundaries -- required feasibility-aware acquisition to access; hard filtering would have excluded this region entirely.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Phase Transformation Characteristics of High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy under Tension, Compression, and Bending Actuation Cycling

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a unique class of intermetallic alloys that can cyclically sustain large deformations and recover a designed geometry through a solid-to-solid phase transformation. SMAs provide favorable actuation energy density properties, making them suitable for engineering applications requiring a significant, repeated, work output. To facilitate the development and validation of an SMA constitutive model considering the evolving anisotropic material response for High-Temperature SMA (HTSMA), uniaxial and pure bending actuation cycling tests on HTSMA specimens are performed by a custom-built testing frames. The phase transformation characteristics for Ni$_{50.3}$TiHf$_{20}$ HTSMA under uniaxial tension/compression and four-point bending actuation cycles are investigated. The experimental results show that the polycrystalline HTSMAs has a strong tension-compression asymmetry under uniaxial actuation cycling loading conditions. Furthermore, the four-point beam bending test shows that there is an intrinsic phenomenon when HTSMAs are subjected to cyclic actuation bending conditions, i.e., the zero-strain neutral axis shifts as a result of the asymmetric tension-compression phase transformations and the asymmetric generation of TRIP strains on different sides of the beam. The conducted experiments provide invaluable information to develop and improve the SMA constitutive model considering tension-compression asymmetry and TRIP strain generation within a unified modeling effort. As future work, additional experiments on other HTSMA components, such as torque tubes and specimens with notches or cutouts, under actuation cycling would provide more comprehensive validation data and component performance for HTSMA-based actuators.

physics.app-ph

A Three-dimensional Constitutive Model for Polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys Under Large Strains Combined With Large Rotations

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) has been widely aware of working as actuators for active/smart morphing structures in the engineering industry. Because of the high actuation energy density of SMAs, compared to other active materials, structures integrated with SMA-based actuators has high advantage in terms of trade-offs between overall structure weight, integrity and functionality. The majority of available constitutive models for SMAs are developed within the infinitesimal strain regime. However, it was reported that particular SMAs can generate transformation strains nearly up to 8%-10%, for which the adopted infinitesimal strain assumption is no longer appropriate. Furthermore, industry applications may require SMA actuators undergo large rotation deformation at work. Combining the above two facts, a constitutive model for SMAs developed on a finite deformation framework is required. A three-dimensional constitutive model for SMAs considering large strains with large rotations is proposed in this work. This model utilizes the logarithmic strain as a finite strain measure for large deformation analysis so that its rate form hypo-elastic constitutive relation can be consistently integrated to deliver a free energy based hyper-elastic constitutive relation. The martensitic volume fraction and the second-order transformation strain tensor are chosen as the internal state variables to characterize the inelastic response exhibited by polycrystalline SMAs. The presented formulation and its numerical implementation scheme can be extended in future work for the incorporation of other inelastic phenomena such as transformation-induced plasticity, viscoplasticity and creep under large deformations.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Finite strain constitutive modeling for shape memory alloys considering transformation-induced plasticity and two-way shape memory effect

This work presents a three-dimensional constitutive model for shape memory alloys considering the TRansformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) as well as the Two-Way Shape Memory Effect (TWSME) through a large deformation framework. The presented logarithmic strain based model is able to capture the large strains and rotations exhibited by SMAs under general thermomechanical cycling. By using the martensitic volume fraction, transformation strain, internal stress, and TRIP strain tensors as internal state variables, the model is capable to capture the stress-dependent TRIP generation when SMAs are subjected to a multiaxial stress state, as well as the TWSME for thermomechanically trained SMAs under load-free conditions. A detailed implementation procedure of the proposed model is presented through a user-defined material subroutine within a finite element framework allowing for solving different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs). Comprehensive instruction on calibrating the model parameters as well as the derivation of continuum tangent stiffness matrix are also provided. In the end, the simulated cyclic pseudoelastic and actuation responses by the presented model for a wide range of SMA material systems under both uniaxial and multiaxial stress states are compared against experimental results to validate the proposed modeling capabilities.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

A three-dimensional constitutive model for the martensitic transformation in polycrystalline shape memory alloys under large deformation

This work presents a three-dimensional constitutive model for the martensitic transformation in polycrystalline Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) under large deformation. By utilizing the logarithmic strain and rate, the model is able to account for large strains and rotations that SMA-based components may undertake, but also resolves the artificial stress errors caused by the non-integrable objective rates that are widely used in current commercial finite element software. The model is developed through classical thermodynamic laws combined with the standard Coleman-Noll procedure. The scalar martensitic volume fraction and the second-order transformation strain tensor are chosen as the internal state variables to capture the material response exhibited by polycrystalline SMAs. A detailed implementation procedure of the proposed model is described through a user-defined material subroutine. Numerical experiments considering SMA components including a bar, a beam, a torque tube and a solid flexible structure under stress/thermally-induced phase transformations are investigated via the proposed model, and the results under cyclic loading are compared against the predictions provided by the Abaqus nonlinear solver. The development framework of the proposed model and its implementation procedure can be extended to incorporate other nonlinear phenomena exhibited by SMAs, such as transformation-induced plasticity, viscoplasticity, and damage under large deformation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

A Finite Strain Constitutive Model Considering Transformation Induced Plasticity for Shape Memory Alloys under Cyclic Loading

Many engineering applications of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) involve passing back and forth through phase transformation many times. Repeated phase transformation develops permanent deformations originating from the significant distortion that phase transformation induces at the austenite-martensite interfaces and grain boundaries. This distortion drives dislocation activity resulting in an observable macroscopic Transformation-Induced Plastic (TRIP) deformation, which occurs at effective stress levels much lower than the plastic yield limit of the material. TRIP strains may accumulate up to 20% during the lifetime of an SMA component and thus a finite strain constitutive model is required for simulating their response. In this work, a 3-D finite strain model is developed based on logarithmic strain which is the only strain measure whose rate is equal to the stretching, that describes phase transformation and TRIP deformation in a thermodynamically consistent setting. The model is implemented in Abaqus finite element software through a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). Boundary value problems such as strip and a torque tube under both pseudoelastic and actuation cyclic loadings are performed to test the capabilities of the newly proposed model.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

A Three-Dimensional Constitutive Modeling for Shape Memory Alloys Considering Two-Way Shape Memory Effect and Transformation-Induced Plasticity

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been intensively investigated as actuators for the past several decades. Due to their high actuation energy density compared to other active materials, their current and potential applications in engineering fields are expanding rapidly. Prior to being used as actuators, SMAs are usually subjected to a training process to stabilize their behavior. During the training process, permanent changes are introduced in the microstructure of the material which results in the generation of internal stresses and a large amount of irrecoverable Transformation Induced Plastic strain (TRIP). The generated internal stresses along with a potential thermal loading provide the driving force to induce the oriented phase transformation so that the SMA-based actuators are able to exhibit the Two-Way Shape Memory Effect (TWSME) without applying external bias load. To predict this intrinsic phenomenon, a three-dimensional phenomenological constitutive model for untrained SMAs is presented. The proposed model utilizes the martensitic volume fraction, transformation strain, TRIP strain, and internal stress as internal state variables so that it is able to account for the evolution of TRIP strain and the TWSME for untrained SMAs under cyclic thermomechanical loading conditions. In the end, boundary value problems considering an untrained SMA material under isothermal/isobaric cyclic loading are solved and the predicted cyclic response is compared against available experimental data to demonstrate the proposed capabilities.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

A Finite Strain Constitutive Model for Martensitic Transformation in Shape Memory Alloys Based on Logarithmic Strain

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are materials with the ability to recover apparently permanent deformation under specific thermomechanical loading. The majority of constitutive models for SMAs are developed based on the infinitesimal strain theory. However, such assumption may not be proper in the presence of geometric discontinuities, such as cracks, and repeated cycling loading that has been reported to induce irrecoverable strains up to 20% due to transformation induced plasticity. In addition to finite strains, SMA-based devices may also undergo large rotations. Thus, it is indispensable to develop a constitutive model based on the finite strain to provide accurate predictions of these actuators response. A three-dimensional phenomenological constitutive model for SMAs considering finite strains and finite rotations is proposed in this work. This model utilizes the logarithmic strain as the strain measure that is the strain measure whose logarithmic rate in a corotating material frame is equal to the rate of deformation tensor. In the proposed model, the martensitic volume fraction and the second-order logarithmic transformation strain tensor are chosen as the internal state variables associated with the inelastic transformation process. Numerical simulations considering basic SMAs component geometries such as a bar, a beam, and a torque tube are performed to test the capabilities of the proposed model under both mechanically and thermally induced phase transformation. The presented model formulation will be extended in future work for the incorporation of transformation-induced plasticity.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Parametric Analysis of a Phenomenological Constitutive Model for Thermally Induced Phase Transformation in Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys

In this work, a thermo-mechanical model that predicts the actuation response of shape memory alloys is probabilistically calibrated against three experimental data sets simultaneously. Before calibration, a design of experiments (DOE) has been performed in order to identify the parameters most influential on the actuation response of the system and thus reduce the dimensionality of the problem. Subsequently, uncertainty quantification (UQ) of the influential parameters was carried out through Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The assessed uncertainties in the model parameters were then propagated to the transformation strain-temperature hysteresis curves (the model output) using first an approximate approach based on the variance-covariance matrix of the MCMC-calibrated model parameters and then an explicit propagation of uncertainty through MCMC-based sampling. Results show good agreement between model and experimental hysteresis loops after probabilistic MCMC calibration such that the experimental data are situated within 95% Bayesian confidence intervals. The application of the MCMC-based UQ/UP approach in decision making for experimental design has also been shown by comparing the information that can be gained from running replicas around a single new experimental condition versus running experiments in different regions of the experimental space.

stat.AP