SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

Dmitri Melikhov

Publications and source records attributed to Dmitri Melikhov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Triangle Feynman diagram in the timelike region

In Quantum Field Theory, triangle Feynman diagram $F(p_1^2,p_2^2,p_3^2|m_1,m_2,m_3)$ is an analytic function of its variables, whose analytic structure is fully determined by the location of singularities of the propagators of particles in the loop. The form factor $F(p_1^2,p_2^2,p_3^2|m_1,m_2,m_3)$ is easily calculable in the Euclidean region of all variables, $p_i^2<0$, $i=1,2,3$. A rigorous way to obtain the form factor in the timelike region is to perform the analytic continuation from the Euclidean region using single or double dispersion representations. On the other hand, there is a simple representation of the triangle as integral over Feynman parameters. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that all known rigorous results of dispersion representations in the regions where some of the variables $p_i^2$ are in the physical Minkowski region, are reproduced by the Feynman-parameter representation for $F(p_1^2,p_2^2,p_3^2|m_1,m_2,m_3)$ by a mere replacement $p_i^2\to p_i^2+i0$ and $m_i^2\to m_i^2-i0$, where $m_i$ are masses of particles propagating in the loop. This simple replacement takes properly into account all subtle contributions given in the context of dispersion representations by the anomalous cuts and thresholds.

hep-ph

On the Resonance Coupling and Width in Quantum Field Theory

In quantum field theory, characteristics of resonances are related to self-energy diagrams, which are ultra-violet divergent and require renormalization. We demonstrate the proper way to define the resonance coupling $g_M$ such that the resonance properties calculated in quantum field theory are finite and scheme-independent quantities.

hep-ph

Scrutinizing dark-matter scenarios with $B\to(K,K^*)\bar\nu\nu$ decays

Conceivable explanations of Belle-II measurements of a (surprising) excess of missing-energy decays of the $B$ meson to the $K$ meson not covered by standard-model neutrino-antineutrino pairs might be offered by additional contributions of dark-matter fermion-antifermion pairs. Assuming the excessive missing-energy events to be mediated by a (generic) scalar or vector boson, a simultaneous inspection of both of the missing-energy $B$ decays into a pseudoscalar $K$ meson or a vector $K^*$ meson allows to gain information on the nature of bosons relating standard-model and dark-matter sectors, irrespective of any (unknown) dark-sector details. Upon availability of indispensable experimental data, most prominent among such insights might be the identification of the mediator spin from the differential $B$-meson decay widths.

hep-ph

Analysis of $B\to KM_X$ and $B\to K^* M_X$ decays in scalar- and vector-mediator dark-matter scenarios

The surprising excess of missing-energy events far beyond all standard-model expectations in the weak decays of the charged ground-state $B^+$ meson into some charged strange meson, rather recently observed by the Belle-II experiment, may (easily) be explained by the decay of the $B$ meson into the strange meson and a pair of dark-matter fermion and antifermion, mediated by an (intermediate) scalar or vector boson. Thorough inspections of both the total and the differential widths of these decays provide, among others, a simple means for the (straightforward) discrimination of such mediator boson's scalar or vector nature.

hep-ph

Nonfactorizable charming loops in exclusive FCNC $B$ decays

We compare (i) nonfactorizable charm-quark loops in exclusive FCNC B-decays and (ii) three-particle contributions to the amplitude of semileptonic B-decay. Both amplitudes are given in the heavy-quark limit, $m_b\to\infty$, by a convolution of a hard kernel and a three-particle wave function of the $B$-meson, $\langle 0|\bar q(x)G_{\mu\nu}(z) b(0)|B(p)\rangle$. An essential difference between the two amplitudes is that the amplitude of semileptonic $B$-decay involves this 3-particle wave function in a collinear light-cone configuration, whereas the amplitude of nonfactorizable charm in FCNC $B$-decays involves this 3-particle wave function in a double collinear light-cone configuration.

hep-ph

Factorization of multiparticle contributions to amplitudes of B-meson weak decays

We show that multiparticle contributions to amplitudes of weak decays of the generic topology (heavy quark hits some intermediate point of the propagator line joining the end-points from which momenta $q$ and $q'$ are emitted) is given in the heavy quark limit and at the leading order in $\alpha_s$ by the convolution of (i) hard kernel composed of highly virtual propagators of light degrees of freedom and (ii) the $B$-meson multiparticle wave function, $\langle 0|\phi(x)\phi(x_1)\dots\phi(x_n)\phi_b(0)\phi(x'_{n'})\dots\phi(x'_1)\phi(x')|B(p)\rangle$, in a {\it double-collinear} light-cone configuration: the coordinates $x,x_1,...,x_n$ are ordered and aligned along the light-like 4-vector $a_\mu$, $a^2=0$, $q_\mu\propto a_\mu$, while the coordinates $x',x_1',...,x'_{n'}$ are ordered and aligned along the light-like 4-vector $a'_\mu$, $a'^2=0$, $q'_\mu\propto a'_\mu$, $a'a\ne 0$. Corrections to this factorization formula are suppressed by powers of $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}/M_B$.

hep-ph

Probing vector- vs scalar-mediator dark-matter scenarios in $B\to (K,K^*) M_X$ decays

Within the hypothesis of the dark-matter origin of the excess in $B\to K M_X$ decays over the standard-model expectation, observed by Belle-II, we show that: (i) Scalar- and vector-medator scenarios may be unambiguously discriminated by measuring the differential distributions in $B\to K M_X$ and $B\to K^* M_X$ decays. (ii) Combining the available data on $\Gamma(B\to K M_X)$ and the upper limit on $\Gamma(B\to K^* M_X)$ provides a tight constraint on the vector mediator mass $M_V\lesssim 3$ GeV. At the same time, no constraints on the scalar-mediator mass are imposed by these data. (iii) Both scalar- and vector-mediator scenarios allow a good description of the differential distributions in $B\to K M_X$ measured by Belle-II and an extraction of dark-model parameters within both scenarios.

hep-ph

Analysis of $q_\mathrm{rec}^2$-distribution for $B\to K M_X$ and $B\to K^* M_X$ decays in a scalar-mediator dark-matter scenario

We demonstrate that the scalar-mediator dark-matter scenario is consistent with the experimental data on the decay $B\to K M_X$ and provides a good description of the shape of the observed excess. Within this scenario, the interaction with dark-matter particles leads to approximately the same excess in $Γ(B\to K^* M_X)$ and $Γ(B\to K M_X)$ compared to the Standard Model; also the differential distributions of the excess events are similar in shape in the variable $q_\mathrm{rec}^2$ measured by experiment.

hep-ph

Constraining $λ_{B_s}$ by $B_s\to γ^*$ and $B_s\to ϕ$ form factors

We calculate the form factors $F_{V}(q^2,q'^2)$ and $F_{TV}(q^2,q'^2)$ describing the $B_s\to γ^*$ transition induced by the vector and tensor weak currents in a broad range of values of $q^2$ and $q'^2$ far below the quark thresholds in both $q^2$ and $q'^2$ channels. These form factors are calculated via the distribution amplitudes of the $B_s$-meson. We then interpolate the obtained results by a formula that contains pole at $q'^2=M_ϕ^2$ and extract the residue which gives the $B_s\to ϕ$ transition form factors $V(q^2)$ and $T_1(q^2)$. In this way we obtain theoretical predictions for these form factors without invoking quark-hadron duality and QCD sum rules. Furthermore, we calculate the relationship between $V(0)$ and $T_1(0)$ and the parameter $λ_{B_s}(μ)$, the inverse moment of the $B_s$-meson distribution amplitude. Using the available predictions for $V(0)$ and $T_1(0)$ coming from approaches not referring to the $B_s$-meson distribution amplitudes, we obtain the estimate $λ_{B_s}(μ\simeq m_b)=(0.62\pm 0.10)$ GeV.

hep-ph

Nonfactorizable charming-loop contribution to FCNC $B_s\to γl^+l^-$ decay

We present the first theoretical calculation of nonfactorizable charm-quark loop contributions to the $B_s\to γl^+l^-$ amplitude. We calculate the relevant form factors, $H_{A,V}^{\rm NF}(k'^2,k^2)$, and provide convenient parametrizations of our results in the form of fit functions of two variables, $k'^2$ and $k^2$, applicable in the region below hadron resonances, $k'^2 < M_{J/ψ}^2$ and $k^2 < M_ϕ^2$. We report that factorizable and nonfactorizable charm contributions to the $B_s\toγl^+l^-$ amplitude have opposite signs. To compare the charm and the top contributions, it is convenient to express the NF charming loop contribution as a non-universal (i.e., dependent on the reaction) $q^2$-dependent correction $Δ^{\rm NF}C_7(q^2)$ to the Wilson coefficient $C_7$. For the $B_s\toγl^+l^-$ amplitude, the correction is found to be positive, $Δ^{\rm NF} C_7(q^2)/C_7 > 0$.

hep-ph

$B\to K^* M_X$ vs $B\to K M_X$ as a probe of a scalar-mediator dark matter scenario

Recently, Belle II reported the observation of the decay $B\to K M_X$, $M_X$ the missing mass, with the branching ratio much exceeding ${\cal B}(B\to K ν\barν)$ which is the only Standard Model (SM) process contributing to this reaction. If confirmed, this might be an indication of new nonSM particles produced in this decay. One of the possible explanations of the observed effect could be light dark-matter (DM) particles produced via a scalar mediator field. We give simple arguments, that a combined analysis of the $B\to K M_X$ and $B\to K^* M_X$ reactions would be a clean probe of the scalar mediator scenario: (i) making use of an observed value ${\cal B}(B\to K M_X)\simeq 5.4\, {\cal B}(B\to K ν\barν)_{\rm SM}$ and (ii) assuming that the effect is due to the light dark matter coupling to the top quark via a {\it scalar} mediator field, one finds an upper limit ${\cal B}(B\to K^* M_X) < 2.8 \, {\cal B}(B\to K^* ν\barν)_{\rm SM}$. Within the discussed scenario, this upper limit does not depend on the mass of the scalar mediator nor on the specific details of the unobserved dark-matter particles in the final state.

hep-ph

Charming-loop contribution to $B_s\to γγ$ decay

We present a detailed theoretical study of nonfactorizable contributions of the charm-quark loop to the amplitude of the $B_s\to γ\,γ$ decay. This contribution involves the $B$-meson three-particle Bethe-Salpeter amplitude, $\langle 0|\bar s(y)G_{μν}(x)b(0)|\bar B_s(p)\rangle$, for which we take into account constraints from analyticity and continuity. The charming-loop contribution of interest may be described as a correction to the Wilson coefficient $C_{7γ}$, $C_{7γ}\to C_{7γ}(1+δC_{7γ})$. We calculate an explicit dependence of $δC_{7γ}$ on the parameter $λ_{B_s}$. Taking into account all theoretical uncertainties, $δC_{7γ}$ may be predicted with better than 10\% accuracy for any given value of $λ_{B_s}$. For our benchmark point $λ_{B_s}=0.45$ GeV, we obtain $δC_{7γ}=0.045\pm 0.004$. Presently, $λ_{B_s}$ is not known with high accuracy, but its value is expected to lie in the range $0.3\le λ_{B_s}({\rm GeV})\le 0.6$. The corresponding range of $δC_{7γ}$ is found to be $0.02\le δC_{7γ}\le 0.1$. One therefore expects the correction given by charming loops at the level of at least a few percent.

hep-ph

Three-particle distribution in B meson and charm-quark loops in FCNC B decays

We discuss a nonfactorizable (NF) contribution of a charm loop to the FCNC $B$-decay amplitude given through the three-particle Bethe-Salpeter amplitude (3BS) of the $B$-meson. This 3BS contains one heavy-quark field and two light fields (a light quark and a gluon). Our discussion is aimed at clarifying properties of the $B$-meson 3BS necessary to describe properly charm-loop contributions to the amplitudes of FCNC $B$-decays. We demonstrate that the dominant contribution of nonfactorizable charm to FCNC $B$-decay amplitude is given in the heavy-quark limit by a convolution of some hard kernel and the $B$-meson 3BS in a "double-collinear" light cone (LC) configuration: one of the light degrees of freedom $ϕ(x)$, $x^2=0$, lies on the $(+)$-direction of the LC, whereas another light degree of freedom $ϕ'(x')$, $x'^2=0$ lies on the $(-)$-direction. We show the emergence of new constraints on the distribution amplitudes which parametrize the 3BS in this double-collinear configuration.

hep-ph

Zooming in on Multiquark Hadrons within QCD Sum-Rule Approaches

Aiming at self-consistent descriptions of multiquark hadrons (such as tetraquarks, pentaquarks, hexaquarks) by means of QCD sum rules, we note that the totality of contributions to two-point or three-point correlation functions that involve, respectively, either two or just a single operator capable of interpolating the particular multiquark under study can be straightforwardly disentangled into two disjoint classes defined by unambiguously identifiable members. The first is formed by so-called multiquark-phile contributions which indeed might support multiquarks. In the case of flavour-exotic tetraquarks, by definition composed of four (anti-) quarks of mutually different flavours, a tetraquark-phile contribution has to exhibit two or more gluon exchanges of appropriate topology. The second consists of contributions evidently not bearing any relation to multiquarks; these must be discarded when studying multiquarks by QCD sum rules. The first class only should enter the "multiquark-adequate" QCD sum rules for exotic hadrons.

hep-ph

Non-factorizable charming loops in FCNC B decays vs B-decay semileptonic form factors

We compare a non-factorizable charming-loop correction to an exclusive FCNC $B$-decay given in terms of the 3-particle Bethe-Salpeter amplitude (3BS) of the $B$-meson, $\langle 0|\bar q(x)G_{μν}(z)b(0)|B(p)\rangle$, with the corresponding correction to the $B$-meson semileptonic form factor. In spite of certain similarities, these two corrections are shown to have substantial differences: The form factor correction is dominated by the collinear light-cone configuration of 3BS: $z_μ= u x_μ$, $0 < u < 1$, $x^2=0$. In contrast, the FCNC amplitude is dominated by a different configuration with non-collinear arguments: $x^2=0$, $z^2=0$, but $(x-z)^2\ne 0$ (i.e., $z_μ\ne u x_μ$).

hep-ph

Multiquark-Oriented QCD Sum Rules

We propose to increase the factual reliability of descriptions of exotic multiquark hadrons utilizing the approach to bound states of strongly interacting constituents known as QCD sum rules, by allowing exclusively all contributions that potentially bear some relevance for multiquark states to enter the correlation functions that form the main ingredient of this framework. The route to this goal is illustrated for the (presumably least involved) special case of tetraquark states.

hep-ph

Theoretical analysis of the leptonic decays $B\to \ell \ell \ell\barν_{\ell}$: Identical leptons in the final state

We study the effects of the identical leptons in the final state of the $B^+\to \ell^+ \ell^- \ell^+\barν_{\ell}$ decay. The amplitude of the process is described by the same form factors as the amplitude of the ${B\to \ell \ell \ell'\barν'_{\ell}}$ decay for non-identical leptons in the final state. However, the differential distributions are strongly different, as the ${B^+\to \ell^+ \ell^- \ell^+\barν_{\ell}}$ amplitude contains both the direct ($M_a$) and the exchange ($M_b$) diagrams. We calculate a number of the differential distirbutions. In particular, we propose an interesting observable that can be readily measured experimentally - the differential distribution over the invariant mass of the pair of leptons of the same charge, $\ell^+ \ell^+$. The good news is that the interference between $M_a$ and $M_b$, $d{\cal B}_{ab}$, is found to be at the level of less than 1\% in all considered differental distributions and therefore can be neglected in the full kinematical region of this decay.

hep-ph

Theoretical analysis of the leptonic decays $B\to \ell \ell \ell'\barν_{\ell'}$

We discuss the amplitude of the $B\to l^+l^-l'ν'$ decays and the differential decay rate $d^2Γ/dq^2dq'^2$, $q$ the momentum of the $l^+l^-$ pair emitted from the electromagnetic vertex and $q'$ the momentum of the $l'ν'$ pair emitted from the weak vertex. For the relevant form factors, we construct dispersion representations in $q^2$ which consistently take into account the Ward identity constraints at $q^2=0$ and the contributions of light vector resonances. This allows a reliable description of the form factors in the range $0 < q^2 \le 1$ GeV$^2$ that saturates around 99% of the decay rate. The differential decay rate behaves at small $q^2$ as $dΓ(B\to l^+l^-l' ν')/dq^2\propto 1/q^2$ in the limit $m'_l=0$, but contains also more singlular contribution of order ${m'^2_l}/q^4$, which we take into account. For the case $m_l'\le m_l$, the latter may be neglected and one obtains a mild logarithmic dependence of $Γ(B\to l^{+}l^{-}l'ν')$ on $m_l$. For the case $m_l\ll m'_l$, however, the ${m'^2_l}/q^4$ terms dominate the decay rate leading to $Γ(B\to l^{+}l^{-}l'ν')\sim m'^2_l/m^2_l$. We find the following features of the four-lepton $B$-decays: (i) The decay rates $Γ\left(B\to μ^+μ^-(μν_μ,eν_e)\right)$ are fully dominated by the region of light vector resonances $q^2\simeq M_ρ^2, M_ω^2$; (ii) The decay rate $Γ(B\to e^{+}e^{-}e ν_e)$ receives comparable contributions from the region near $q^2\sim 4m_e^2$ and from the resonance region; (iii) One finds a strong enhancement of the decay rate $Γ(B\to e^+e^- μν_μ)\sim m_μ^2/m_e^2$ which is dominated by the region $q^2\sim 4m_e^2$ due to the terms $O(m_μ^2/q^4)$ in the differential distribution.

hep-ph