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Dmitry Budker

Publications and source records attributed to Dmitry Budker.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

Measuring molecular parity nonconservation using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The weak interaction does not conserve parity and therefore induces energy shifts in chiral enantiomers that should in principle be detectable in molecular spectra. Unfortunately, the magnitude of the expected shifts are small and in spectra of a mixture of enantiomers, the energy shifts are not resolvable. We propose a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment in which we titrate the chirality (enantiomeric excess) of a solvent and measure the diasteriomeric splitting in the spectra of a chiral solute in order to search for an anomalous offset due to parity nonconservation (PNC). We present a proof-of-principle experiment in which we search for PNC in the \textsuperscript{13}C resonances of small molecules, and use the \textsuperscript{1}H resonances, which are insensitive to PNC, as an internal reference. We set a new constraint on molecular PNC in \textsuperscript{13}C chemical shifts at a level of $10^{-5}$\,ppm, and provide a discussion of important considerations in the search for molecular PNC using NMR spectroscopy.

physics.chem-ph↗

Experimental Benchmarking of Quantum Control in Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides complementary analysis modalities to those of high-field NMR and allows for ultra-high-resolution spectroscopy and measurement of untruncated spin-spin interactions. Unlike for the high-field case, however, universal quantum control -- the ability to perform arbitrary unitary operations -- has not been experimentally demonstrated in zero-field NMR. This is because the Larmor frequency for all spins is identically zero at zero field, making it challenging to individually address different spin species. We realize a composite-pulse technique for arbitrary independent rotations of $^1$H and $^{13}$C spins in a two-spin system. Quantum-information-inspired randomized benchmarking and state tomography are used to evaluate the quality of the control. We experimentally demonstrate single-spin control for $^{13}$C with an average gate fidelity of $0.9960(2)$ and two-spin control via a controlled-not (CNOT) gate with an estimated fidelity of $0.99$. The combination of arbitrary single-spin gates and a CNOT gate is sufficient for universal quantum control of the nuclear spin system. The realization of complete spin control in zero-field NMR is an essential step towards applications to quantum simulation, entangled-state-assisted quantum metrology, and zero-field NMR spectroscopy.

quant-ph↗

Suppression of nonlinear Zeeman effect and heading error in earth-field-range alkali-vapor magnetometers

The nonlinear Zeeman effect can induce splitting and asymmetries of magnetic-resonance lines in the geophysical magnetic field range. This is a major source of "heading error" for scalar atomic magnetometers. We demonstrate a method to suppress the nonlinear Zeeman effect and heading error based on spin locking. In an all-optical synchronously pumped magnetometer with separate pump and probe beams, we apply a radio-frequency field which is in-phase with the precessing magnetization. In an earth-range field, a multi-component asymmetric magnetic-resonance line with ? 60 Hz width collapses into a single peak with a width of 22 Hz, whose position is largely independent of the orientation of the sensor. The technique is expected to be broadly applicable in practical magnetometry, potentially boosting the sensitivity and accuracy of earth-surveying magnetometers by increasing the magnetic resonance amplitude, decreasing its width and removing the important and limiting heading-error systematic.

physics.atom-ph↗

Miniature cavity-enhanced diamond magnetometer

We present a highly sensitive miniaturized cavity-enhanced room-temperature magnetic-field sensor based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The magnetic resonance signal is detected by probing absorption on the 1042\,nm spin-singlet transition. To improve the absorptive signal the diamond is placed in an optical resonator. The device has a magnetic-field sensitivity of 28 pT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$, a projected photon shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 22 pT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$ and an estimated quantum projection-noise-limited sensitivity of 0.43 pT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$ with the sensing volume of $\sim$ 390 $μ$m $\times$ 4500 $μ$m$^{2}$. The presented miniaturized device is the basis for an endoscopic magnetic field sensor for biomedical applications.

quant-ph↗

Instrumentation for nuclear magnetic resonance in zero and ultralow magnetic field

We review instrumentation for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in zero and ultra-low magnetic field (ZULF, below 0.1 $μ$T) where detection is based on a low-cost, non-cryogenic, spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) $^{87}$Rb atomic magnetometer. The typical sensitivity is 20-30 fT/Hz$^{1/2}$ for signal frequencies below 1 kHz and NMR linewidths range from Hz all the way down to tens of mHz. These features enable precision measurements of chemically informative nuclear spin-spin couplings as well as nuclear spin precession in ultra-low magnetic fields.

physics.ins-det↗

Tailorable Dispersion in a Four-Wave Mixing Laser

We present experimental results demonstrating controllable dispersion in a ring laser by monitoring the lasing-frequency response to cavity-length variations. Pumping on an N-type level configuration in ${}^{87}$Rb, we tailor the intra-cavity dispersion slope by varying experimental parameters such as pump-laser frequency, atomic density, and pump power. As a result, we can tune the pulling factor (PF), i.e. the ratio of the laser frequency shift to the empty cavity frequency shift, of our laser by more than an order of magnitude.

physics.atom-ph↗

Probing new light force-mediators by isotope shift spectroscopy

In this Letter we explore the potential of probing new light force-carriers, with spin-independent couplings to the electron and the neutron, using precision isotope shift spectroscopy. We develop a formalism to interpret linear King plots as bounds on new physics with minimal theory inputs. We focus only on bounding the new physics contributions that can be calculated independently of the Standard Model nuclear effects. We apply our method to existing Ca+ data and project its sensitivity to possibly existing new bosons using narrow transitions in other atoms and ions (specifically, Sr and Yb). Future measurements are expected to improve the relative precision by five orders of magnitude, and can potentially lead to an unprecedented sensitivity for bosons within the 10 keV to 10 MeV mass range.

hep-ph↗

Parametric wave mixing enhanced by velocity insensitive two-photon excitation in Rb vapour

We demonstrate how the orientation of the Rb cell can significantly affect the intensity and spectral characteristics of both the frequency up- and down-converted fields generated by nonlinear processes in Rb vapour. The efficiency of parametric wave mixing in Rb vapour excited to the 5D5/2 level by two-colour resonant laser light can be significantly increased by seeding the excitation region with coherent and directional radiation at 5.23 um that is resonant with the population inverted 5D5/2-6P3/2 transition. It has been shown that the process of velocity insensitive two-photon excitation is central to understanding the observed coherent blue and mid-IR light enhancements and that the velocity insensitive and velocity selective two-photon excitations could produce two co-existing but spectrally and spatially distinguishable mid-IR fields at 5.23 um.

quant-ph↗

Constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions between electrons from helium fine-structure spectroscopy

Agreement between theoretical calculations of atomic structure and spectroscopic measurements is used to constrain possible contribution of exotic spin-dependent interactions between electrons to the energy differences between states in helium-4. In particular, constraints on dipole-dipole interactions associated with the exchange of pseudoscalar bosons (such as axions or axion-like particles, ALPs) with masses $10^{-2}~{\rm eV} \lesssim m \lesssim 10^{4}~{\rm eV}$ are improved by a factor of $\sim 100$. The first atomic-scale constraints on several exotic velocity-dependent dipole-dipole interactions are established as well.

physics.atom-ph↗

A Method for Measurement of Spin-Spin Couplings with sub-mHz Precision Using Zero- to Ultralow-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

We present a method which allows for the extraction of physical quantities directly from zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) data. A numerical density matrix evolution is used to simulate ZULF NMR spectra of several molecules in order to fit experimental data. The method is utilized to determine the indirect spin-spin couplings ($J$-couplings) in these, which is achieved with precision of $10^{-2}$--$10^{-4}$ Hz. The simulated and measured spectra are compared to earlier research. Agreement and precision improvement for most of the $J$-coupling estimates are achieved. The availability of an efficient, flexible fitting method for ZULF NMR enables a new generation of precision-measurement experiments for spin-dependent interactions and physics beyond the Standard Model.

physics.chem-ph↗

Level anti-crossing magnetometry with color centers in diamond

Recent developments in magnetic field sensing with negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV) in diamond employ magnetic-field (MF) dependent features in the photoluminescence (PL) and eliminate the need for microwaves (MW). Here, we study two approaches towards improving the magnetometric sensitivity using the ground-state level anti-crossing (GSLAC) feature of the NV center at a background MF of 102.4\,mT. Following the first approach, we investigate the feature parameters for precise alignment in a dilute diamond sample; the second approach extends the sensing protocol into absorption via detection of the GSLAC in the diamond transmission of a 1042\,nm laser beam. This leads to an increase of GSLAC contrast and results in a magnetometer with a sensitivity of 0.45\,nT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ and a photon shot-noise limited sensitivity of 12.2 pT/$\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$.

quant-ph↗

Efficient polarization of high-angular-momentum systems

We propose methods of optical pumping that are applicable to open, high-angular-momentum transitions in atoms and molecules, for which conventional optical pumping would lead to significant population loss. Instead of applying circularly polarized cw light, as in conventional optical pumping, we propose to use techniques for coherent population transfer (e.g., adiabatic fast passage) to arrange the atoms so as to increase the entropy removed from the system with each spontaneous decay from the upper state. This minimizes the number of spontaneous-emission events required to produce a stretched state, thus reducing the population loss due to decay to other states. To produce a stretched state in a manifold with angular momentum J, conventional optical pumping requires about 2J spontaneous decays per atom, one of our proposed methods reduces this to about log_2(2J), while another of the methods reduces it to about one spontaneous decay, independent of J.

physics.atom-ph↗

Investigation of two-frequency Paul traps for antihydrogen production

Radio-frequency (rf) Paul traps operated with multifrequency rf trapping potentials provide the ability to independently confine charged particle species with widely different charge-to-mass ratios. In particular, these traps may find use in the field of antihydrogen recombination, allowing antiproton and positron clouds to be trapped and confined in the same volume without the use of large superconducting magnets. We explore the stability regions of two-frequency Paul traps and perform numerical simulations of small, multispecies charged-particle mixtures that indicate the promise of these traps for antihydrogen recombination.

physics.atom-ph↗

Optical quenching and recovery of photoconductivity in single-crystal diamond

We study the photocurrent induced by pulsed-light illumination (pulse duration is several nanoseconds) of single-crystal diamond containing nitrogen impurities. Application of additional continuous-wave light of the same wavelength quenches pulsed photocurrent. Characterization of the optically quenched photocurrent and its recovery is important for the development of diamond based electronics and sensing.

physics.optics↗

Characterization of high-temperature performance of cesium vapor cells with anti-relaxation coating

Vapor cells with antirelaxation coating are widely used in modern atomic physics experiments due to the coating's ability to maintain the atoms' spin polarization during wall collisions. We characterize the performance of vapor cells with different coating materials by measuring longitudinal spin relaxation and vapor density at temperatures up to 95°C. We found that the spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity for atomic magnetometers with such cells improves with temperature, which demonstrates the potential of antirelaxation coated cells in applications of future high-sensitivity magnetometers.

physics.atom-ph↗

Rules for collaborative scientific writing

Several years ago, one of us, having noticed that inexperienced scientists tend to make largely the same mistakes while writing their first papers, was compelled to write a one-page note summarizing some dos and don'ts intended to help take care of common problems before they occur. Since these days the majority of research papers are written collaboratively by groups of co-authors, we are compelled to extend these recommendations to collaborative writing as we observe groups of co-authors falling into the same traps again and again.

physics.ed-ph↗

Microwave-free magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

We use magnetic-field-dependent features in the photoluminescence of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers to measure magnetic fields without the use of microwaves. In particular, we present a magnetometer based on the level anti-crossing in the triplet ground state at 102.4 mT with a demonstrated noise floor of 6 nT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, limited by the intensity noise of the laser and the performance of the background-field power supply. The technique presented here can be useful in applications where the sensor is placed closed to conductive materials, e.g. magnetic induction tomography or magnetic field mapping, and in remote-sensing applications since principally no electrical access is needed.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

A Precessing Ferromagnetic Needle Magnetometer

A ferromagnetic needle is predicted to precess about the magnetic field axis at a Larmor frequency $Ω$ under conditions where its intrinsic spin dominates over its rotational angular momentum, $N\hbar \gg IΩ$ ($I$ is the moment of inertia of the needle about the precession axis and $N$ is the number of polarized spins in the needle). In this regime the needle behaves as a gyroscope with spin $N\hbar$ maintained along the easy axis of the needle by the crystalline and shape anisotropy. A precessing ferromagnetic needle is a correlated system of $N$ spins which can be used to measure magnetic fields for long times. In principle, by taking advantage of rapid averaging of quantum uncertainty, the sensitivity of a precessing needle magnetometer can far surpass that of magnetometers based on spin precession of atoms in the gas phase. Under conditions where noise from coupling to the environment is subdominant, the scaling with measurement time $t$ of the quantum- and detection-limited magnetometric sensitivity is $t^{-3/2}$. The phenomenon of ferromagnetic needle precession may be of particular interest for precision measurements testing fundamental physics.

quant-ph↗