Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Donghoon Jang

Publications and source records attributed to Donghoon Jang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Weights of circle actions on oriented manifolds with isolated fixed points

For an action of the circle group $S^1$ on a compact oriented manifold with isolated fixed points, there is a claim that weights at the fixed points occur in pairs. This phenomenon holds for other types of $S^1$-manifolds, e.g., (almost) complex, symplectic, and unitary manifolds. A known proof of this claim assumes that the isotropy submanifolds are orientable. However, this assumption does not hold in general. In this note, we prove the claim without relying on that assumption.

math.AT↗
arXiv2026

Six-dimensional GKM manifolds with four fixed points

In this paper, we study $6$-dimensional GKM manifolds with $4$ fixed points. We classify all possible GKM graphs, and for each type of graph we construct a manifold, proving the existence. We show that six types occur. (P1) complex projective space $\mathbb{C} P^3$ with standard complex structure (P2) blow up of $S^6$ at a fixed point, diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{C} P^3$ (P3) $\mathbb{C} P^3$ as the homogeneous space $\mathrm{Sp}(2)/(\mathrm{U}(1) \times \mathrm{Sp}(1))$ with non-standard almost complex structure (Q1) complex quadric $Q_3$ with standard complex structure (Q2) blow up of $S^6$ along isotropy $2$-sphere, diffeomorphic to $Q_3$ (S) $S^2 \times S^4$, obtained as equivariant gluing along orbits of two $S^6$'s

math.GT↗
arXiv2025

Circle actions on six dimensional oriented manifolds with isolated fixed points

To classify a group action on a manifold, the data associated with the fixed point set is essential. In this paper, we classify the fixed point data of a circle action on a 6-dimensional compact connected oriented manifold with isolated fixed points, where the fixed point data consists of the collection of signs and weights at the fixed points. We show that this fixed point data can be reduced to the empty collection by performing a sequence of operations. Specifically, we prove that one can successively take equivariant connected sums at fixed points with $S^6$, $\mathbb{CP}^3$, or 6-dimensional analogues of the Hirzebruch surfaces (and their oppositely oriented counterparts), resulting in a fixed-point-free action on a compact connected oriented 6-manifold.

math.DG↗
arXiv2025

Four dimensional almost complex torus manifolds

In dimension 4, we extend the correspondence between compact nonsingular toric varieties and regular fans to a correspondence between almost complex torus manifolds and families of multi-fans in a geometric way, where an (almost) complex torus manifold is a $2n$-dimensional compact connected (almost) complex manifold equipped with an effective action of a real $n$-dimensional torus $T^n$ that has fixed points. Let $M$ be a 4-dimensional almost complex torus manifold. To $M$, we associate two equivalent combinatorial objects, a family $Δ$ of multi-fans and a graph $Γ$, which encode the data on the fixed point set. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for each of $Δ$ and $Γ$. Moreover, we provide a minimal model and operations for each of $Δ$ and $Γ$. We introduce operations on a multi-fan and a graph that correspond to blow up and down of a manifold, and show that we can blow up and down $M$ to a minimal manifold $M'$ whose weights at the fixed points are unit vectors in $\mathbb{Z}^2$, $Δ$ to a family of minimal multi-fans that has unit vectors only, and $Γ$ to a minimal graph whose edges all have unit vectors as labels. As an application, if $M$ is complex, $Δ$ is a fan and determines $M$, $Γ$ encodes the equivariant cohomology of $M$, and $M'$ is $\mathbb{CP}^1 \times \mathbb{CP}^1$. This implies that any two 4-dimensional complex torus manifolds are obtained from each other by equivariant blow up and down.

math.DG↗
arXiv2024

Lower bound on the number of fixed points for circle actions on 10-dimensional almost complex manifolds

For a circle action on a compact almost complex manifold with a fixed point, the lower bound on the number of fixed points is known in dimension up to 12 except 10. In this paper, we show that if the circle group acts on a 10-dimensional compact almost complex manifold with a fixed point, then there are at least 6 fixed points. This minimum is attained by $\mathbb{CP}^5$ and $S^6 \times \mathbb{CP}^2$. We establish this lower bound by showing that there does not exist a circle action on a 10-dimensional compact almost complex manifold with 4 fixed points.

math.AT↗
arXiv2024

Graphs for torus actions on oriented manifolds with isolated fixed points and classification in dimension 6

Let a torus act on a compact oriented manifold $M$ with isolated fixed points, with an additional mild assumption that its isotropy submanifolds are orientable. We associate a signed labeled multigraph encoding the fixed point data (weights and signs at fixed points and isotropy submanifolds) of the manifold. We study operations on $M$ and its multigraph, (self) connected sum and blow up, etc. When the circle group acts on a 6-dimensional $M$, we classify such a multigraph by proving that we can convert it into the empty graph by successively applying two types of operations. In particular, this classifies the fixed point data of any such manifold. We prove this by showing that for any such manifold, we can successively take equivariant connected sums at fixed points with itself, $\mathbb{CP}^3$, and 6-dimensional analogue $Z_1$ and $Z_2$ of the Hirzebruch surfaces (and these with opposite orientations) to a fixed point free action on a compact oriented 6-manifold. We also classify a multigraph for a torus action on a 4-dimensional $M$.

math.GT↗
arXiv2024

Automorphisms of GKM graphs and regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties

A regular semisimple Hessenberg variety $\mathrm{Hess}(S,h)$ is a smooth subvariety of the full flag variety $\mathrm{Fl}(\mathbb{C}^n)$ associated with a regular semisimple matrix $S$ of order $n$ and a function $h$ from $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ to itself satisfying a certain condition. We show that when $\mathrm{Hess}(S,h)$ is connected and not the entire space $\mathrm{Fl}(\mathbb{C}^n)$, the reductive part of the identity component $\mathrm{Aut}^0(\mathrm{Hess}(S,h))$ of the automorphism group $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathrm{Hess}(S,h))$ of $\mathrm{Hess}(S,h)$ is an algebraic torus of dimension $n-1$ and $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathrm{Hess}(S,h))/\mathrm{Aut}^0(\mathrm{Hess}(S,h))$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $\mathfrak{S}_n$ or $\mathfrak{S}_n\rtimes \{\pm 1\}$, where $\mathfrak{S}_n$ is the symmetric group of degree $n$. As a byproduct of our argument, we show that $\mathrm{Aut}(X)/\mathrm{Aut}^0(X)$ is a finite group for any projective GKM manifold $X$.

math.AG↗
arXiv2024

Circle actions on oriented manifolds with 3 fixed points

Let the circle group act on a compact oriented manifold $M$ with a non-empty discrete fixed point set. Then the dimension of $M$ is even. If $M$ has one fixed point, $M$ is the point. In any even dimension, such a manifold $M$ with two fixed points exists, a rotation of an even dimensional sphere. Suppose that $M$ has three fixed points. Then the dimension of $M$ is a multiple of 4. Under the assumption that each isotropy submanifold is orientable, we show that if $\dim M=8$, then the weights at the fixed points agree with those of an action on the quaternionic projective space $\mathbb{HP}^2$, and show that there is no such 12-dimensional manifold $M$.

math.DG↗
arXiv2023

Circle actions on four dimensional almost complex manifolds with discrete fixed point sets

We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for pairs of integers to arise as the weights at the fixed points of an effective circle action on a compact almost complex 4-manifold with a discrete fixed point set. As an application, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a pair of integers to arise as the Chern numbers of such an action, answering negatively a question by Sabatini whether $c_1^2[M] \leq 3 c_2[M]$ holds for any such manifold $M$. We achieve this by demonstrating that pairs of integers that arise as weights of a circle action, also arise as weights of a restriction of a $\mathbb{T}^2$-action. Furthermore, we discuss applications to circle actions on complex/symplectic 4-manifolds and semi-free circle actions with discrete fixed point sets.

math.DG↗
arXiv2023

Circle actions on oriented 4-manifolds

In the present paper, we consider an action of the circle group on a compact oriented 4-manifold. We derive the Atiyah-Hirzebruch formula for the manifold, and associate a graph in terms of data on the fixed point set. We show in the case of isolated fixed points that if an abstract graph satisfies the Atiyah-Hirzebruch formula, then there exists a corresponding 4-dimensional oriented $S^1$-manifold.

math.AT↗
arXiv2023

Six dimensional almost complex torus manifolds with Euler number six

An almost complex torus manifold is a $2n$-dimensional compact connected almost complex manifold equipped with an effective action of a real $n$-dimensional torus $T^n \simeq (S^1)^n$ that has fixed points. For an almost complex torus manifold, there is a labeled directed graph which contains information on weights at the fixed points and isotropy spheres. Let $M$ be a 6-dimensional almost complex torus manifold with Euler number 6. We show that two types of graphs occur for $M$, and for each type of graph we construct such a manifold $M$, proving the existence. Using the graphs, we determine the Chern numbers and the Hirzebruch $χ_y$-genus of $M$.

math.AT↗
arXiv2023

Circle actions on unitary manifolds with discrete fixed point sets

In this paper, we prove various results for circle actions on compact unitary manifolds with discrete fixed point sets, generalizing results for almost complex manifolds. For a circle action on a compact unitary manifold with a discrete fixed point set, we prove relationships between the weights at the fixed points. As a consequence, we show that there is a multigraph that encodes the fixed point data (a collection of multisets of weights at the fixed points) of the manifold; this can be used to study unitary $S^1$-manifolds in terms of multigraphs. We derive results regarding the first equivariant Chern class, obtaining a lower bound on the number of fixed points under an assumption on a manifold. We determine the Hirzebruch $χ_y$-genus of a compact unitary manifold admitting a semi-free $S^1$-action, and obtain a lower bound on the number of fixed points.

math.DG↗
arXiv2022

Circle actions on 6-dimensional oriented manifolds with 4 fixed points

In this paper, we classify the fixed point data (weights and signs at the fixed points), of a circle action on a 6-dimensional compact oriented manifold with 4 fixed points. We prove that it agrees with that of a disjoint union of rotations on two 6-spheres, or that of a linear action on $\mathbb{CP}^3$. The former case includes that of Petrie's exotic action on $\mathbb{CP}^3$.

math.AT↗
arXiv2022

Almost complex torus manifolds -- graphs, Hirzebruch genera, and problem of Petrie type

Let a $k$-dimensional torus $T^k$ act on a $2n$-dimensional compact connected almost complex manifold $M$ with isolated fixed points. As for circle actions, we show that there exists a (directed labeled) multigraph that encodes weights at the fixed points of $M$. This includes the notion of a GKM graph as a special case that weights at each fixed point are pairwise linearly independent. If in addition $k=n$, i.e., $M$ is an almost complex torus manifold, the multigraph is a graph; it has no multiple edges. We show that the Hirzebruch $χ_y$-genus $χ_y(M)=\sum_{i=0}^n a_i(M) \cdot (-y)^i$ of an almost complex torus manifold $M$ satisfies $a_i(M) > 0$ for $0 \leq i \leq n$. In particular, the Todd genus of $M$ is positive and there are at least $n+1$ fixed points. Petrie's conjecture asserts that if a homotopy $\mathbb{CP}^n$ admits a non-trivial circle action, its Pontryagin class agrees with that of $\mathbb{CP}^n$. Petrie proved this conjecture if instead it admits a $T^n$-action. We prove that if a $2n$-dimensional almost complex torus manifold $M$ only shares the Euler number with the complex projective space $\mathbb{CP}^n$, an associated graph agrees with that of a linear $T^n$-action on $\mathbb{CP}^n$; consequently $M$ has the same weights at the fixed points, Chern numbers, equivariant cobordism class, Hirzebruch $χ_y$-genus, Todd genus, and signature as $\mathbb{CP}^n$. If furthermore $M$ is equivariantly formal, the equivariant cohomology and the Chern classes of $M$ and $\mathbb{CP}^n$ also agree.

math.DG↗
arXiv2022

Circle actions on almost complex manifolds with isolated fixed points

The author proved that if the circle acts symplectically on a compact, connected symplectic manifold $M$ with three fixed points, then $M$ is equivariantly symplectomorphic to some standard action on $\mathbb{CP}^2$. In this paper, we extend the result to a circle action on an almost complex manifold; if the circle acts on a compact, connected almost complex manifold $M$ with exactly three fixed points, then $\dim M=4$. Moreover, we deal with the cases of one fixed point and two fixed points.

math.DG↗
arXiv2020

Non-Hamiltonian actions with fewer isolated fixed points

In an earlier paper, the second author resolved a question of McDuff by constructing a non-Hamiltonian symplectic circle action on a closed, connected six-dimensional symplectic manifold with exactly 32 fixed points. In this paper, we improve on this example by reducing the number of fixed points. More concretely, we construct a non-Hamiltonian symplectic circle action on a closed, connected six-dimensional symplectic manifold with exactly $2k$ fixed points for any $k \geq 5$.

math.SG↗
arXiv2020

Circle actions on 8-dimensional almost complex manifolds with 4 fixed points

Consider a circle action on an 8-dimensional compact almost complex manifold with 4 fixed points. To the author's knowledge, $S^2 \times S^6$ is the only known example of such a manifold. In this paper, we prove that if the circle acts on an 8-dimensional compact almost complex manifold $M$ with 4 fixed points, all the Chern numbers and the Hirzebruch $χ_y$-genus of $M$ agree with those of $S^2 \times S^6$. In particular, $M$ is unitary cobordant to $S^2 \times S^6$.

math.DG↗