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Douglas D. Novaes

Publications and source records attributed to Douglas D. Novaes.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2024

Invariant Tori and Periodic Orbits in the FitzHugh-Nagumo System

The FitzHugh-Nagumo system is a $4$-parameter family of $3$D vector field used for modeling neural excitation and nerve impulse propagation. The origin represents a Hopf-zero equilibrium in the FitzHugh-Nagumo system for two classes of parameters. In this paper, we employ recent techniques in averaging theory to investigate, besides periodic solutions, the bifurcation of invariant tori within the aforementioned families. We provide explicit generic conditions for the existence of these tori and analyze their stability properties. Furthermore, we employ the backward differentiation formula to solve the stiff differential equations and provide numerical simulations for each of the mentioned results.

math.DS↗
arXiv2024

Sliding mode on tangential sets of Filippov systems

We consider piecewise smooth vector fields $Z=(Z_+, Z_-)$ defined in $\mathbb{R}^n$ where both vector fields are tangent to the switching manifold $Σ$ along a submanifold $M\subset Σ$. We shall see that, under suitable assumptions, Filippov convention gives rise to a unique sliding mode on $M$, governed by what we call the {\it tangential sliding vector field}. Here, we will provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for characterizing such a vector field. Additionally, we prove that the tangential sliding vector field is conjugated to the reduced dynamics of a singular perturbation problem arising from the Sotomayor-Teixeira regularization of $Z$ around $M$. Finally, we analyze several examples where tangential sliding vector fields can be observed, including a model for intermittent treatment of HIV.

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arXiv2024

A Melnikov analysis on a family of second order discontinuous differential equations

This paper aims to provide a Melnikov-like function that governs the existence of periodic solutions bifurcating from period annuli in certain families of second-order discontinuous differential equations of the form $\ddot{x}+α\; \textrm{sign}(x)=ηx+\varepsilon \;f(t,x,\dot{x})$. This family has attracted considerable attention from researchers, particularly in the analysis of specific instances of $f(t,x,\dot{x})$. The study of this type of differential equation is motivated by its significance in modeling systems with abrupt state changes, both in natural and engineering contexts.

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arXiv2024

On the periodic and antiperiodic aspects of the Floquet normal form

Floquet's Theorem is a celebrated result in the theory of ordinary differential equations. Essentially, the theorem states that, when studying a linear differential system with $T$-periodic coefficients, we can apply a, possibly complex, $T$-periodic change of variables that transforms it into a linear system with constant coefficients. In this paper, we explore further the question of the nature of this change of variables. We state necessary and sufficient conditions for it to be real and $T$-periodic. Failing those conditions, we prove that we can still find a real change of variables that is "partially" $T$-periodic and "partially" $T$-antiperiodic. We also present applications of this new form of Floquet's Theorem to the study of the behavior of solutions of nonlinear differential systems near periodic orbits.

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arXiv2024

Invariant tori and boundedness of solutions of non-smooth oscillators with Lebesgue integrable forcing term

Since Littlewood works in the 1960's, the boundedness of solutions of Duffing-type equations $\ddot{x}+g(x)=p(t)$ has been extensively investigated. More recently, some researches have focused on the family of non-smooth forced oscillators $ \ddot{x}+\text{sgn}(x)=p(t)$, mainly because it represents a simple limit scenario of Duffing-type equations for when $g$ is bounded. Here, we provide a simple proof for the boundedness of solutions of the non-smooth forced oscillator in the case that the forcing term $p(t)$ is a $T$-periodic Lebesgue integrable function with vanishing average. We reach this result by constructing a sequence of invariant tori whose union of their interiors covers all the $(t,x,\dot x)$-space, $(t,x,\dot{x})\in \mathbb{S}^1\times\mathbb{R}^2$.

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arXiv2023

The complete dynamics description of positively curved metrics in the Wallach flag manifold $\mathrm{SU}(3)/\mathrm{T}^2$

The family of invariant Riemannian manifolds in the Wallach flag manifold $\mathrm{SU}(3)/\mathrm{T}^2$ is described by three parameters $(x,y,z)$ of positive real numbers. By restricting such a family of metrics in the \emph{tetrahedron} $\cal{T}:= x+y+z = 1$, in this paper, we describe all regions $\cal R \subset \cal T$ admitting metrics with curvature properties varying from positive sectional curvature to positive scalar curvature, including positive intermediate curvature notion's. We study the dynamics of such regions under the \emph{projected Ricci flow} in the plane $(x,y)$, concluding sign curvature maintenance and escaping. In addition, we obtain some results for positive intermediate Ricci curvature for a path of metrics on fiber bundles over $\mathrm{SU}(3)/\mathrm{T}^2$, further studying its evolution under the Ricci flow on the base.

math.DG↗
arXiv2023

Bifurcation Diagrams of Global Connections in Filippov Systems

In this paper, we are concerned about the qualitative behavior of planar Filippov systems around some typical invariant sets, namely, polycycles. In the smooth context, a polycycle is a simple closed curve composed by a collection of singularities and regular orbits, inducing a first return map. Here, this concept is extended to Filippov systems by allowing typical Filippov singularities lying on the switching manifold. Our main goal consists in developing a method to investigate the unfolding of polycycles in Filippov systems. In addition, we apply this method to describe bifurcation diagrams of Filippov systems around certain polycycles.

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arXiv2023

Existence of a cylinder foliated by periodic orbits in the generalized Chazy differential equation

The generalized Chazy differential equation corresponds to the following two-parameter family of differential equations \begin{equation*}\label{gcdeq} \dddot x+|x|^q \ddot x+\dfrac{k |x|^q}{x}\dot x^2=0, \end{equation*} which has its regularity varying with $q$ , a positive integer. Indeed, for $q=1$ it is discontinuous on the straight line $x=0$, whereas for $q$ a positive even integer it is polynomial, and for $q>1$ a positive odd integer it is continuous but not differentiable on the straight line $x=0$. In 1999, the existence of periodic solutions in the generalized Chazy differential equation was numerically observed for $q=2$ and $k=3$. In this paper, we prove analytically the existence of such periodic solutions. Our strategy allows to establish sufficient conditions ensuring that the generalized Chazy differential equation, for $k=q+1$ and any positive integer $q$ , has actually an invariant topological cylinder foliated by periodic solutions in the $(x,\dot x,\ddot x)$-space. In order to set forth the bases of our approach, we start by considering $q=1,2,3$, which are representatives of the different classes of regularity. For an arbitrary positive integer $q$, an algorithm is provided for checking the sufficient conditions for the existence of such an invariant cylinder, which we conjecture that always exists. The algorithm was successfully applied up to $q=100$.

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arXiv2023

A mechanism for detecting normally hyperbolic invariant tori in differential equations

Determining the existence of compact invariant manifolds is a central quest in the qualitative theory of differential equations. Singularities, periodic solutions, and invariant tori are examples of such invariant manifolds. A classical and useful result from the averaging theory relates the existence of isolated periodic solutions of non-autonomous periodic differential equations, given in a specific standard form, with the existence of simple singularities of the so-called guiding system, which is an autonomous differential equation given in terms of the first non-vanishing higher order averaged function. In this paper, we provide an analogous result for the existence of invariant tori. Namely, we show that a non-autonomous periodic differential equation, given in the standard form, has a normally hyperbolic invariant torus in the extended phase space provided that the guiding system has a hyperbolic limit cycle. We apply this result to show the existence of normally hyperbolic invariant tori in a family of jerk differential equations.

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arXiv2023

Invariant tori via higher order averaging method: existence, regularity, convergence, stability, and dynamics

Important information about the dynamical structure of a differential system can be revealed by looking into its invariant compact manifolds, such as equilibria, periodic orbits, and invariant tori. This knowledge is significantly increased if asymptotic properties of the trajectories nearby such invariant manifolds can be determined. In this paper, we present a result providing sufficient conditions for the existence of invariant tori in perturbative differential systems. The regularity, convergence, and stability of such tori as well as the dynamics defined on them are also investigated. The conditions are given in terms of their so-called higher order averaged equations. This result is an extension to a wider class of differential systems of theorems due to Krylov, Bogoliubov, Mitropolsky, and Hale.

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arXiv2023

Uniqueness and stability of limit cycles in planar piecewise linear differential systems without sliding region

In this paper, we consider the family of planar piecewise linear differential systems with two zones separated by a straight line without sliding regions, that is, differential systems whose flow transversally crosses the switching line except for at most one point. In the research literature, many papers deal with the problem of determining the maximum number of limit cycles that these differential systems can have. This problem has been usually approached via large case-by-case analyses which distinguish the many different possibilities for the spectra of the matrices of the differential systems. Here, by using a novel integral characterization of Poincaré half-maps, we prove, without unnecessary distinctions of matrix spectra, that the optimal uniform upper bound for the number of limit cycles of these differential systems is one. In addition, it is proven that this limit cycle, if it exists, is hyperbolic and its stability is determined by a simple condition in terms of the parameters of the system. As a byproduct of our analysis, a condition for the existence of the limit cycle is also derived.

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arXiv2023

Properties of Poincaré half-maps for planar linear systems and some direct applications to periodic orbits of piecewise systems

This paper deals with fundamental properties of Poincaré half-maps defined on a straight line for planar linear systems. Concretely, we focus on the analyticity of the Poincaré half-maps, their series expansions (Taylor and Newton-Puiseux) at the tangency point and at infinity, the relative position between the graph of Poincaré half-maps and the bisector of the fourth quadrant, and the sign of their second derivatives. All these properties are essential to understand the dynamic behavior of planar piecewise linear systems. Accordingly, we also provide some of their most immediate, but non-trivial, consequences regarding periodic orbits.

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arXiv2022

On the stability of smooth branches of periodic solutions for higher order perturbed differential equations

The averaging method combined with the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction provides sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions of the following class of perturbative $T$-periodic nonautonomous differential equations $x'=F_0(t,x)+\varepsilon F(t,x,\varepsilon)$. Such periodic solutions bifurcate from a manifold $\mathcal{Z}$ of periodic solutions of the unperturbed system $x'=F_0(t,x)$. Determining the stability of this kind of periodic solutions involves the computation of eigenvalues of matrix-valued functions $M(\varepsilon)$, which can done using the theory of $k$-hyperbolic matrices. Usually, in this theory, a diagonalizing process of $k$-jets of $M(\varepsilon)$ must be employed and no general algorithm exists for doing that. In this paper, we develop an alternative strategy for determining the stability of the periodic solutions without the need of such a diagonalization process, which can work even when the diagonalization is not possible. Applications of our result for two families of $4$D vector fields are also presented.

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arXiv2022

Uniform upper bound for the number of limit cycles of planar piecewise linear differential systems with two zones separated by a straight line

The existence of a uniform upper bound for the maximum number of limit cycles of planar piecewise linear differential systems with two zones separated by a straight line has been subject of interest of hundreds of papers. After more than 30 years of investigation since Lum-Chua's work, it has remained an open question whether this uniform upper bound exists or not. Here, we give a positive answer for this question by establishing the existence of a natural number $L^*\leq 8$ for which any planar piecewise linear differential system with two zones separated by a straight line has no more than $L^*$ limit cycles. The proof is obtained by combining a newly developed integral characterization of Poincaré half-maps for linear differential systems with an extension of Khovanski\uı's theory for investigating the number of intersection points between smooth curves and a particular kind of orbits of vector fields.

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arXiv2022

On limit cycles in regularized Filippov systems bifurcating from homoclinic-like connections to regular-tangential singularities

In this paper, we are concerned about smoothing of Filippov systems around homoclinic-like connections to regular-tangential singularities. We provide conditions to guarantee the existence of limit cycles bifurcating from such connections. Additional conditions are also provided to ensured the stability and uniqueness of such limit cycles. All the proofs are based on the construction of the first return map of the regularized Filippov system around homoclinic-like connections. Such a map is obtained by using a recent characterization of the local behaviour of the regularized Filippov system around regular-tangential singularities. Fixed point theorems and Poincaré-Bendixson arguments are also employed.

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arXiv2022

An averaging result for periodic solutions of Carathéodory differential equations

This paper is concerned with the problem of existence of periodic solutions for perturbative Carathéodory differential equations. The main result provides sufficient conditions on the averaged equation that guarantee the existence of periodic solutions. Additional conditions are also provided to ensure the uniform convergence of a periodic solution to a constant function. The proof of the main theorem is mainly based on an abstract continuation result for operator equations.

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arXiv2022

On the non-existence of isochronous tangential centers in Filippov vector fields

The isochronicity problem is a classical problem in the qualitative theory of planar vector fields which consists in characterizing whether a center is isochronous or not, that is, if all the trajectories in a neighbourhood of the center have the same period. This problem is usually investigated by means of the so-called period function. In this paper, we are interested in exploring the isochronicity problem for tangential centers of planar Filippov vector fields. By computing the period function for planar Filippov vector fields around tangential centers, we show that such centers are never isochronous.

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