arXiv subjects

Douglas Newman

Publications and source records attributed to Douglas Newman.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Quantum number conservation in intergenerational interactions

The seven binary quantum numbers that distinguish fundamental fermions have been shown to be conserved in decays and interactions. Here applications of this law are clarified to take account of odd (uct) and even (dsb) parity quarks defining separate representations of SU(3), each with its own definition of the F and G quantum numbers that distinguish generations. These representations are related by the CKM unitary matrix. The SU(3) groups define an SU(6) $\equiv$ SU(3)$\otimes$U(1)$\otimes$SU(3) group of transformations of all six quarks. Quark/anti-quark structures of J=0 mesons are shown to correspond to all the SU(6) generators. Applications of quantum number conservation to fermion and meson interactions, which take account of the CKM matrix, are described.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2023

Repairing the algebraic foundations of the Standard Model of particle physics

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is in such good agreement with experiment that it is still accepted as providing an accurate model of reality, with the role of chiral symmetry in electro-weak unification regarded as one of its major achievements. Nevertheless, its conceptual and algebraic foundation is faulty. Chirality is shown to be algebraically inconsistent with neutrinos having finite mass and being fermions.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2023

Unified theory of elementary fermions and their interactions based on Clifford algebras

Seven commuting elements of the Clifford algebra $Cl_{7,7}$ define seven binary eigenvalues that distinguish the $2^7=128$ states of 32 fermions, and determine their parity, electric charge and interactions. Three commuting elements of the sub-algebra $Cl_{3,3}$ define three binary quantum numbers that distinguish the eight states of lepton doublets. The Dirac equation is reformulated in terms of a Lorentz invariant operator which expresses the properties of these states in terms of Dirac 4-component spinors. Re-formulation of the Standard Model shows chiral symmetry breaking to be redundant. A $Cl_{3,3}$ sub-algebra of $Cl_{5,5}$ defines two additional binary quantum numbers that distinguish quarks and leptons, and describes the SU(3) gluons that produce the hadron substrate, explaining quark confinement. Finally, a $Cl_{3,3}$ sub-algebra of $Cl_{7,7}$ defines a further two binary quantum numbers that distinguish four fermion generations. The predicted fourth generation is shown to have no neutrino and a distinct substrate, suggesting that ordinary matter is confined and providing candidates for unconfined dark matter. Interactions between fermions in the first three generations are predicted, including those that produce flavour symmetry. Relationships are explored between the $Cl_{1,3}$ algebra and general relativity, and between $Cl_{5,5}$ and SO(32) string theory.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

Discrete symmetries and quantum number conservation

The algebraic formulation of discrete $P$ and $T$ space-time symmetries is related to fermion quantum numbers defined by a $Cl_{3,3}$ sub-algebra of the $Cl_{7,7}$ Clifford Unification algebra. Fermion decays and interactions have been shown to conserve all seven binary quantum numbers defined by $Cl_{7,7}$. The previously formulated {\it Conservation Law} is modified to include the effects of employing distinct F,G quantum numbers in descriptions of fermions with C=+1 and C=$-1$. This is relevant in interpreting the results of high energy experiments.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2022

Fourth Generation fermions as candidates for Dark Matter

Clifford Unification describes all the observed fundamental fermions in terms of seven commuting elements of the $Cl_{7,7}$ Clifford algebra. The eigenvalues of each commuting element define a binary quantum number, which relates to a fermion property that is conserved in decays and interactions. These include the quantum number descriptions of a hitherto unobserved fourth generation G(4) of fermions, which are predicted to have electric charges different to their observed G(1-3) counterparts. This, together with quantum number conservation, eliminates the possibility of interactions between G(4) and G(1-3) fermions. Neutral G(4) composites are shown to provide candidates for baryonic Dark Matter, which is identified with the super-massive cores of galaxies. This could be examined in the light of recent observations of 'Little Red Dots' in the early Universe. Neutral leptonic G(4) composites provide candidates for the Dark Matter component of galactic halos.

physics.gen-ph↗