arXiv subjects

E. Jiménez-Bailón

Publications and source records attributed to E. Jiménez-Bailón.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

The Lockman-SpReSO project. Description, target selection, observations and preliminary results

Context. Extragalactic surveys are a key tool for better understanding the evolution of galaxies. Both deep and wide-field surveys serve to provide a clearer emerging picture of the physical processes that take place in and around galaxies, and to identify which of these processes are the most important in shaping the properties of galaxies. Aims. The Lockman Spectroscopic Redshift Survey using Osiris (Lockman-SpReSO) aims to provide one of the most complete optical spectroscopic follow-ups of the far-infrared (FIR) sources detected by the \textit{Herschel} Space Observatory in the Lockman Hole (LH) field. The optical spectroscopic study of the FIR-selected galaxies supplies valuable information about the relation between fundamental FIR and optical parameters, including extinction, star formation rate, and gas metallicity. In this article, we introduce and provide an in-depth description of the Lockman-SpReSO project and of its early results. Methods. We selected FIR sources from \textit{Herschel} observations of the central 24 arcmin $\times$ 24 arcmin of the LH field with an optical counterpart up to 24.5 $R_{\rm C}$(AB). The sample comprises 956 \textit{Herschel} FIR sources, plus 188 additional interesting objects in the field. These are point X-ray sources, cataclysmic variable star candidates, high-velocity halo star candidates, radio sources, very red quasi-stellar objects, and optical counterparts of sub-millimetre galaxies. The faint component of the catalogue ($R_{\rm C}(\mathrm{AB})\geq20$) was observed using the OSIRIS instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias in multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) mode. The bright component was observed using two multi-fibre spectrographs: the AF2-WYFFOS at the William Herschel Telescope and the HYDRA instrument at the WYIN telescope.

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arXiv2022

Unravelling the nature of the dual AGN in the galaxy pair system IRAS 05589+2828 and 2MASX J06021107+2828382

We have studied the nuclear region of the previously detected dual AGN system in the galaxy pair IRAS 05589+2828 and 2MASX J06021107+2828382 through new optical spectroscopy observations, along with radio and X-ray archival data. Our multiwavelength data strongly suggest that the Sy1 \iras\, (z=0.0330$\pm$0.0002) conforms to a dual AGN system with the Sy2 \twomas\, (z=0.0334$\pm$0.0001) with a projected separation obtained from the radio data of 20.08\arcsec\, ($\sim$13.3\,kpc). Analysis of the optical spectra reveals a faint narrow extended emission from H$α$ and [OIII] amidst the two AGN, supporting evidence for an ongoing merger. \iras\, is a double component narrow emission line AGN, with complex broad Balmer emission line profiles that clearly show a strong red-peaklet with a velocity shift of $\sim$3500\,km\,s$^{-1}$. The black hole mass estimates of \iras\, and \twomas\, are log\,M$\rm_{BH}$\,=\,8.59\,$\pm$\,0.14 (M$_\odot$) and log\,M$\rm_{BH}$\,=\,8.21$\pm$0.2 (M$_\odot$), respectively. In the X-ray bands, \iras\, is compatible with a Type 1 object, showing both spectral and flux variability. \chandra\, data of 2MASX\,J06021107+2828382 allowed us to measure a high hardness ratio in this source, providing evidence for a Type 2 AGN. The 22 GHz image obtained with the {\it Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array} has revealed that both AGN are compact radio objects with spectral indices -0.26$\pm$0.03 and -0.70$\pm$0.11, confirming for the first time its dual AGN nature in the radio bands.

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arXiv2020

Optical spectroscopic observations of low-energy counterparts of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources

A significant fraction of all $γ$-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope aboard the \fer\ satellite is still lacking a low-energy counterpart. In addition, there is still a large population of $γ$-ray sources with associated low-energy counterparts that lack firm classifications. In the last 10 years we have undertaken an optical spectroscopic campaign to address the problem of unassociated/unidentified $γ$-ray sources (UGSs), mainly devoted to observing blazars and blazar candidates because they are the largest population of $γ$-ray sources associated to date. Here we describe the overall impact of our optical spectroscopic campaign on sources associated in \fer-LAT catalogs, coupled with objects found in the literature. In the literature search, we kept track of efforts by different teams that presented optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of \fer-LAT catalog sources. Our summary includes an analysis of an additional 30 newly-collected optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of \fer-LAT sources of previously unknown nature.New spectra were acquired at the Blanco 4-m and OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescopes, and those available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (data release 15) archive. All new sources with optical spectra analyzed here are classified as blazars. Thanks to our campaign, we altogether discovered and classified 394 targets with an additional 123 objects collected from a literature search. We began our optical spectroscopic campaign between the release of the second and third \fer-LAT source catalogs (2FGL and 3FGL, respectively), and classified about 25\% of the sources with uncertain nature and discovered a blazar-like potential counterpart for $\sim$10\% of UGSs listed therein. In the 4FGL catalog, about 350 \fer-LAT sources are classified to date thanks to our campaign. [incomplete abstract]

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arXiv2020

Optical spectroscopic classification of 35 hard X-ray sources from the Swift-BAT 70-month catalogue

The nature of a substantial percentage (about one fifth) of hard X-ray sources discovered with the BAT instrument onboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (hereafter Swift) is unknown because of the lack of an identified longer-wavelength counterpart. Without such follow-up, an X-ray catalogue is of limited astrophysical value: we therefore embarked, since 2009, on a long-term project to uncover the optical properties of sources identified by Swift by using a large suite of ground-based telescopes and instruments. In this work, we continue our programme of characterization of unidentified or poorly studied hard X-ray sources by presenting the results of an optical spectroscopic campaign aimed at pinpointing and classifying the optical counterparts of 35 hard X-ray sources taken from the 70-month BAT catalogue. (...) With the use of optical spectra taken at six different telescopes we were able to identify the main spectral characteristics (continuum type, redshift, and emission or absorption lines) of the observed objects, and determined their nature. We identify and characterize a total of 41 optical candidate counterparts corresponding to 35 hard X-ray sources given that, because of positional uncertainties, multiple lower energy counterparts can sometimes be associated with higher energy detections. We discuss which ones are the actual (or at least most likely) counterparts based on our observational results. In particular, 31 sources in our sample are active galactic nuclei: 16 are classified as Type 1 (with broad and narrow emission lines) and 13 are classified as Type 2 (with narrow emission lines only); two more are BL Lac-type objects. We also identify one LINER, one starburst, and 3 elliptical galaxies. The remaining 5 objects are galactic sources: we identify 4 of them as cataclysmic variables, whereas one is a low mass X-ray binary.

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arXiv2020

Optical spectroscopic observations of gamma-ray blazar candidates. IX. Optical archival spectra and further observations from SOAR and OAGH

Nearly one-third of the sources in the $Fermi$-LAT catalogs lack a lower energy counterpart, hence being referred as unidentified/unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGSs). In order to firmly classify them, dedicated multifrequency follow-up campaigns are necessary. These will permit to unveil their nature and identify the fraction that could belong to the class of active galaxies known as blazars that is the largest population of extragalactic $γ$-ray sources. In $Fermi$-LAT catalogs there are also gamma-ray sources associated with multifrequency blazar-like objects known as Blazars Candidates of Uncertain type (i.e., BCUs) for which follow up spectroscopic campaigns are mandatory to confirm their blazar nature. Thus, in 2013 we started an optical spectroscopic campaign to identify blazar-like objects potential counterparts of UGSs and BCUs. Here we report the spectra of 31 additional targets observed as part of our follow up campaign. Thirteen of them are BCUs for which we acquired spectroscopic observations at Observatorio Astrofísico Guillermo Haro (OAGH) and at Southern Astrophysical Research Observatory (SOAR) telescopes, while the rest has been identified thanks to the archival observations available from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We confirm the blazar nature of all BCUs: three of them are in blazar of quasar type (BZQs) while the remaining ones can be spectroscopically classified as BL Lac objects (BZBs). Then we also discovered 18 BL Lac objects lying within the positional uncertainty regions of UGSs that could be their potential counterparts.

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arXiv2019

Multi-wavelength observations of the triple-peaked AGN Mrk 622

A detailed multi-wavelength study of the properties of the triple-peaked AGN Mrk\,622 showing different aspects of the nuclear emission region is presented. Radio, near- and mid-infrared, optical and X-ray data has been considered for the analysis. In the optical, the WHAN diagnostic diagrams show that the three nuclear peaks are strong active galactic nuclei since the EW of $Hα$ is $>$\,6 Å\, and $\log$ [NII]$λ$6584/H$α$\, ratio is $>$\,-0.4. Optical variability of both the continuum flux and intensity of the narrow emission lines is detected in a time-span of 13 years. The size of the narrow line region is found to be 2.7\,pc, with a light-crossing time of 8.7\,y. Analysis done to an archival Hubble Space Telescope image at 1055.2\,nm shows that the host galaxy has a 3.6\,kpc inner bar with PA\,=\,74$^\circ$, faint spiral arms and a pseudobulge, evolving through secular processes. High resolution mid-infrared images obtained with the \textit{Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC)} and the instrument \textit{CanariCam} show that the nuclear emission at 11.6 $μ$m is not spatially resolved. Very Large Array archival observations at 10\,GHz reveal a core source with a total flux density of 1.47\,$\pm$\,0.03\,mJy. The spectral index of the core between 8 and 12\,GHz is -0.5\,$\pm$\,0.2, characteristic of AGN. The core deconvolves into a source with dimensions of 82\,$\pm$\,13\,mas\,$\,\times\,$\,41\,$\pm$\,20\,mas, and a PA\,=\,70\,$\pm$\,18\,deg; which suggests that the core is elongated or that it is constituted by multiple components distributed along a $\sim$65$^\circ$ axis.

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arXiv2019

The tricky line of sight towards Cygnus-X: The [DB2001] CL05 embedded cluster as a pilot case

The nearest massive star-forming complex, Cygnus-X, is widely used as a laboratory for star cluster formation and feedback processes, under the implicit assumption that all its components are located roughly at the same distance. We present a multi-wavelength study of a 15' x 15' field in southern Cygnus-X, where different components involving clustered star formation are overlapped. Preliminary results indicate that the Berkeley 87 and [DB2001] CL05 clusters are actually located at very different distances, invalidating previous claims of physical interaction between them. This shows the importance of a careful treatment of extinction and distance calculations for cluster formation studies, particularly in Cygnus-X.

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arXiv2017

A possible binary AGN in Mrk\,622?

Mrk\,622 is a Compton Thick AGN and a double-peaked narrow emission line galaxy, thus a dual AGN candidate. In this work, new optical long-slit spectroscopic observations clearly show that this object is rather a triple peaked narrow emission line galaxy, with both blue and red shifted narrow emission lines, as well as a much narrower emission line centred at the host galaxy systemic velocity. The average velocity offset between the blue and red shifted components is $\sim$500 km\,s$^{-1}$, which is producing the apparent double-peaked emission lines. These two components are in the loci of AGN in the Baldwin, Phillips \& Terlevich (BPT) diagrams and are found to be spatially separated by $\sim$76 pc. Analysis of the optical spatially resolved spectroscopic observations presented in this work favours that Mrk\,622 is a system consisting of a Composite AGN amidst a binary AGN candidate, likely the result of a recent merger. This notwithstanding, outflows from a starburst, or single AGN could also explain the triple nature of the emission lines.

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arXiv2017

The nature of fifty Palermo Swift-BAT hard X-ray objects through optical spectroscopy

We present the nature of 50 hard X-ray emitting objects unveiled through an optical spectroscopy campaign performed at seven telescopes in the northern and southern hemispheres. These objects were detected with Swift-BAT and listed as of unidentified nature in the 54-month Palermo BAT catalogue. In detail, 45 sources in our sample are identified as active galactic nuclei of which, 27 are classified as type 1 (with broad and narrow emission lines) and 18 are classified as type 2 (with only narrow emission lines). Among the broad-line emission objects, one is a type 1 high-redshift quasi-stellar object, and among the narrow-line emission objects, one is a starburst galaxy, one is a X-ray bright optically normal galaxy, and one is a low ionization nuclear emission line region. We report 30 new redshift measurements, 13 confirmations and 2 more accurate redshift values. The remaining five objects are galactic sources: three are Cataclismic Variables, one is a X-ray Binary probably with a low mass secondary star, and one is an active star.

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arXiv2016

The Gamma-ray Blazar Quest: new optical spectra, state of art and future perspectives

We recently developed a procedure to recognize gamma-ray blazar candidates within the positional uncertainty regions of the unidentified/unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGSs). Such procedure was based on the discovery that Fermi blazars show peculiar infrared colors. However, to confirm the real nature of the selected candidates, optical spectroscopic data are necessary. Thus, we performed an extensive archival search for spectra available in the literature in parallel with an optical spectroscopic campaign aimed to reveal and confirm the nature of the selected gamma-ray blazar candidates. Here, we first search for optical spectra of a selected sample of gamma-ray blazar candidates that can be potential counterparts of UGSs using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR12). This search enables us to update the archival search carried out to date. We also describe the state-of-art and the future perspectives of our campaign to discover previously unknown gamma-ray blazars.

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arXiv2016

Optical archival spectra of blazar candidates of uncertain type in the 3$^{rd}$ Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog

Despite the fact that blazars constitute the rarest class among active galactic nuclei (AGNs) they are the largest known population of associated $γ$-ray sources. Many of the $γ$-ray objects listed in the Fermi-Large Area Telescope Third Source catalog (3FGL) are classified as blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCUs), either because they show multifrequency behaviour similar to blazars but lacking optical spectra in the literature, or because the quality of such spectra is too low to confirm their nature. Here we select, out of 585 BCUs in the 3FGL, 42 BCUs which we identify as probable blazars by their WISE infrared colors and which also have optical spectra that are available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and/or Six-Degree Field Galaxy Survey Database (6dFGS). We confirm the blazar nature of all of the sources. We furthermore conclude that 28 of them are BL Lacs, 8 are radio-loud quasars with flat radio spectrum and 6 are BL Lac whose emission is dominated by their host galaxy.

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arXiv2016

Optical spectroscopic observations of $γ$-ray blazar candidates VI. Further observations from TNG, WHT, OAN, SOAR and Magellan telescopes

Blazars, one of the most extreme class of active galaxies, constitute so far the largest known population of $γ$-ray sources and their number is continuously growing in the Fermi catalogs. However in the latest release of the Fermi catalog there is still a large fraction of sources that are classified as blazar candidate of uncertain type (BCUs) for which optical spectroscopic observations are necessary to confirm their nature and their associations. In addition about 1/3 of the $γ$-ray point sources listed in the Third Fermi-LAT Source Catalog (3FGL) are still unassociated and lacking an assigned lower energy counterpart. Since 2012 we have been carrying out an optical spectroscopic campaign to observe blazar candidates to confirm their nature. In this paper, the sixth of the series, we present optical spectroscopic observations for 30 $γ$-ray blazar candidates from different observing programs we carried out with the TNG, WHT, OAN, SOAR and Magellan telescopes. We found that 21 out of 30 sources investigated are BL Lac objects while the remaining targets are classified as flat spectrum radio quasars showing the typical broad emission lines of normal quasi stellar objects. We conclude that our selection of $γ$-ray blazars candidates based on their multifrequency properties continues to be a successful way to discover potential low-energy counterparts of the FermiUnidentified Gamma-ray Sources (UGSs) and to confirm the nature of BCUs.

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arXiv2016

Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Gamma-ray Blazar Candidates. V. TNG, KPNO, and OAN Observations of Blazar Candidates of Uncertain Type in the Northern Hemisphere

The extragalactic $γ$-ray sky is dominated by emission from blazars, a peculiar class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Many of the $γ$-ray sources included in Fermi -Large Area Telescope Third Source catalog (3FGL) are classified as a blazar candidate of uncertain type (BCU) because there is no optical spectra available in the literature to confirm their nature. In 2013 we started a spectroscopic campaign to look for the optical counterparts of the BCUs and of the Unidentified $γ$-ray Sources. The main goal of our investigation is to confirm the blazar nature of these sources having peculiar properties as compact radio emission and/or selected on the basis of their infrared (IR) colors. Whenever possible we also determine their redshifts. Here we present the results of the observations carried out in the Northern hemisphere in 2013 and 2014 at Telescopio Nazionale Galilleo (TNG), Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN) in San Pedro Mártir. In this paper we describe the optical spectra of 25 sources. We confirmed that all the 15 BCUs observed in our campaign and included in our sample are blazars and we estimated the redshift for 3 of them. In addition, we present the spectra for 3 sources classified as BL Lacs in the literature but with no optical spectra available to date. We found that one of them is a quasar (QSO) at a redshift $z$ = 0.208 and the other 2 are BL Lacs. Moreover, we also present 7 new spectra for known blazars listed in the Roma-BZCAT having an uncertain redshift or being classified as BL Lac candidates. We found that one of them, 5BZB J0724+2621 is a `changing look' blazar. According to the spectrum available in the literature it was classified as a BL Lac but in our observation we clearly detected a broad emission line that lead to classify this source as a QSO at $z$=1.17.

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arXiv2016

Looking for blazars in a sample of unidentified high-energy emitting Fermi sources

Context. Based on their overwhelming dominance among associated Fermi gamma ray catalogue sources, it is expected that a large fraction of the unidentified Fermi objects are blazars. Through crossmatching between the positions of unidentified gamma ray sources from the First Fermi Catalog of gamma ray sources emitting above 10 GeV (1FHL) and the ROSAT and Swift XRT catalogues of X ray objects and between pointed XRT observations, a sample of 36 potential associations was found in previous works with less than 15 arcsec of positional offset. One third of them have recently been classified; the remainder, though believed to belong to the blazar class, still lack spectroscopic classifications. Aims. We study the optical spectrum of the putative counterparts of these unidentified gamma ray sources in order to find their redshifts and to determine their nature and main spectral characteristics. Methods. An observational campaign was carried out on the putative counterparts of 13 1FHL sources using medium resolution optical spectroscopy from the Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna in Loiano, Italy; the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and the Nordic Optical Telescope, both in the Canary Islands, Spain; and the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional San Pedro Martir in Baja California, Mexico. Results. We were able to classify 14 new objects based on their continuum shapes and spectral features. Conclusions. Twelve new blazars were found, along with one new quasar and one new narrow line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) to be potentially associated with the 1FHL sources of our sample. Redshifts or lower limits were obtained when possible alongside central black hole mass and luminosity estimates for the NLS1 and the quasar.

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arXiv2015

Fossil group origins - VI. Global X-ray scaling relations of fossil galaxy clusters

We present the first pointed X-ray observations of 10 candidate fossil galaxy groups and clusters. With these Suzaku observations, we determine global temperatures and bolometric X-ray luminosities of the intracluster medium (ICM) out to $r_{500}$ for six systems in our sample. The remaining four systems show signs of significant contamination from non-ICM sources. For the six objects with successfully determined $r_{500}$ properties, we measure global temperatures in the range $2.8 \leq T_{\mathrm{X}} \leq 5.3 \ \mathrm{keV}$, bolometric X-ray luminosities of $0.8 \times 10^{44} \ \leq L_{\mathrm{X,bol}} \leq 7.7\times 10^{44} \ \mathrm{erg} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, and estimate masses, as derived from $T_{\mathrm{X}}$, of $M_{500} > 10^{14} \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. Fossil cluster scaling relations are constructed for a sample that combines our Suzaku observed fossils with fossils in the literature. Using measurements of global X-ray luminosity, temperature, optical luminosity, and velocity dispersion, scaling relations for the fossil sample are then compared with a control sample of non-fossil systems. We find the fits of our fossil cluster scaling relations are consistent with the relations for normal groups and clusters, indicating fossil clusters have global ICM X-ray properties similar to those of comparable mass non-fossil systems.

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arXiv2015

Refining the associations of the Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalogs

The Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) First Source Catalog (1FGL) was released in February 2010 and the Fermi-LAT 2-Year Source Catalog (2FGL) appeared in April 2012, based on data from 24 months of operation. Since their releases, many follow up observations of unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs) were performed and new procedures to associate gamma-ray sources with potential counterparts at other wavelengths were developed. Here we review and characterize all the associations as published in the 1FGL and 2FGL catalog on the basis of multifrequency archival observations. In particular we located 177 spectra for the low-energy counterparts that were not listed in the previous Fermi catalogs, and in addition we present new spectroscopic observations of 8 gamma-ray blazar candidates. Based on our investigations, we introduce a new counterpart category of "candidate associations" and propose a refined classification for the candidate low-energy counterparts of the Fermi sources. We compare the 1FGL-assigned counterparts with those listed in the 2FGL to determine which unassociated sources became associated in later releases of the Fermi catalogs. We also search for potential counterparts to all the remaining unassociated Fermi sources. Finally, we prepare a refined and merged list of all the associations of the 1FGL plus 2FGL catalogs that includes 2219 unique Fermi objects. This is the most comprehensive and systematic study of all the associations collected for the gamma-ray sources available to date. We conclude that 80% of the Fermi sources have at least one known plausible gamma-ray emitter within their positional uncertainty regions.

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arXiv2014

Optical spectroscopic observations of gamma-ray blazars candidates I: preliminary results

A significant fraction ($\sim 30$ %) of the gamma-ray sources listed in the second $\textit{Fermi}$ LAT (2FGL) catalog is still of unknown origin, being not yet associated with counterparts at lower energies. Using the available information at lower energies and optical spectroscopy on the selected counterparts of these gamma-ray objects we can pinpoint their exact nature. Here we present a pilot project pointing to assess the effectiveness of the several classification methods developed to select gamma-ray blazar candidates. To this end, we report optical spectroscopic observations of a sample of 5 gamma-ray blazar candidates selected on the basis of their infrared WISE colors or of their low-frequency radio properties. Blazars come in two main classes: BL Lacs and FSRQs, showing similar optical spectra except for the stronger emission lines of the latter. For three of our sources the almost featureless optical spectra obtained confirm their BL Lac nature, while for the source WISEJ022051.24+250927.6 we observe emission lines with equivalent width $EW\sim 31$ $Å$, identifying it as a FSRQ with $z = 0.48$. The source WISEJ064459.38+603131.7, although not featuring a clear radio counterpart, shows a blazar-like spectrum with weak emission lines with $EW \sim 7$ $Å$, yielding a redshift estimate of $z=0.36$. In addition we report optical spectroscopic observations of 4 WISE sources associated with known gamma-ray blazars without a firm classification or redshift estimate. For all of these latter sources we confirm a BL Lac classification, with a tentative redshift estimate for the source WISEJ100800.81+062121.2 of $z = 0.65$.

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arXiv2013

Accurate classification of 75 counterparts of objects detected in the 54 month Palermo Swift/BAT hard X-ray catalogue

Through an optical campaign performed at 4 telescopes located in the northern and the southern hemispheres, we have obtained optical spectroscopy for 75 counterparts of unclassified or poorly studied hard X-ray emitting objects detected with Swift/BAT and listed in the 54 month Palermo BAT catalogue. All these objects have also observations taken with Swift/XRT, ROSAT or Chandra satellites which allowed us to reduce the high energy error box and pinpoint the most likely optical counterpart/s. We find that 69 sources in our sample are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs); of them, 35 are classified as type 1 (with broad and narrow emission lines), 33 are classified as type 2 (with only narrow emission lines) and one is an high redshift QSO; the remaining 6 objects are galactic cataclysmic variables (CVs). Among type 1 AGNs, 32 are objects of intermediate Seyfert type (1.2-1.9) and one is Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy; for 29 out of 35 type 1 AGNs, we have been able to estimate the central black hole mass and the Eddington ratio. Among type 2 AGNs, two display optical features typical of the LINER class, 3 are classified as transition objects, 1 is a starburst galaxy and 2 are instead X-ray bright, optically normal galaxies. All galaxies classified in this work are relatively nearby objects (0.006 - 0.213) except for one at redshift 1.137.

astro-ph.HE↗