arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E. Matsinos.
The present document aims at providing a short, didactical introduction to three standard versions of the Kalman filter, namely its variants identified as Basic, Extended, and Unscented. The application of these algorithms in three representative problems is discussed.
The present paper aims at providing the theoretical background required for investigating the use of the Microsoft Kinect$^{\rm TM}$ (`Kinect', for short) sensors (original and upgraded) in the analysis of human motion. Our methodology is developed in such a way that its application be easily adaptable to comparative studies of other systems used in capturing human-motion data. Our future plans include the application of this methodology to two situations: first, in a comparative study of the performance of the two Kinect sensors; second, in pursuing their validation on the basis of comparisons with a marker-based system (MBS). One important feature in our approach is the transformation of the MBS output into Kinect-output format, thus enabling the analysis of the measurements, obtained from different systems, with the same software application, i.e., the one we use in the analysis of Kinect-captured data; one example of such a transformation, for one popular marker-placement scheme (`Plug-in Gait'), is detailed. We propose that the similarity of the output, obtained from the different systems, be assessed on the basis of the comparison of a number of waveforms, representing the variation within the gait cycle of quantities which are commonly used in the modelling of the human motion. The data acquisition may involve commercially-available treadmills and a number of velocity settings: for instance, walking-motion data may be acquired at $5$ km/h, running-motion data at $8$ and $11$ km/h. We recommend that particular attention be called to systematic effects associated with the subject's knee and lower leg, as well as to the ability of the Kinect sensors in reliably capturing the details in the asymmetry of the motion for the left and right parts of the human body. The previous versions of the study have been withdrawn due to the use of a non-representative database.
The present study is part of a broader programme, exploring the possibility of involving the Microsoft Kinect$^{\rm TM}$ sensor in the analysis of human motion. We examine the output obtained from the two available versions of this sensor in relation to the variability of the estimates of the lengths of eight bones belonging to the subject's extremities: of the humerus (upper arm), ulna (lower arm, forearm), femur (upper leg), and tibia (lower leg, shank). Large systematic effects in the output of the two sensors have been observed.
The present paper is part of a broader programme, exploring the possibility of involving the Microsoft Kinect$^{\rm TM}$ sensor in the analysis of human motion. In this study, the output obtained from the two available versions of this sensor is critically examined. We demonstrate that the two outputs differ in regard to the variation of the physical quantities involved in the modelling of the human motion. As the original sensor has been found unsuitable for applications requiring high precision, the observed differences in the output of the two sensors call for the validation of the upgraded sensor on the basis of a marker-based system.
A recapitulatory analysis of total nuclear cross sections of various nuclei is presented, which yields detailed knowledge on the different physical processes such as potential/resonance scatter and nuclear reactions. The physical base for potential/resonance scatter and the threshold energy resulting from Coulomb repulsion of nuclei are collective/oscillator models. The part pertaining to the nuclear reactions can only be determined by the microscopic theory (Schrödinger equation and strong interactions). The physical impact is the fluence decrease of proton beams in different media and the scatter behavior of secondary particles.
Using newly calculated electromagnetic corrections, we have made a phase shift analysis of experimental data on pi+/- p elastic scattering up to 100 MeV, assuming the effective hadronic interaction to be isospin invariant. The output consists of parametrised s and p-wave hadronic phases for isospin 1/2 and 3/2. It is not possible to fit the charge exchange data satisfactorily. We give values for the s-wave scattering lengths and effective ranges and for the p-wave scattering volumes. The combinations 2a_1 + a_3 and a_1 - a_3 of s-wave scattering lengths extracted from pionic hydrogen data are compared with those obtained from our analysis.
This work presents the results of a revised analysis of the low-energy (pion laboratory kinetic energy T(sub pi) < 100 MeV) pi+ p data using recently obtained electromagnetic corrections. The measurements are analyzed assuming extended threshold expansions for the hadronic K-matrix elements. With a few exceptions, the description of the experimental data is satisfactory. Several minimization functions have been used, yielding consistent results. The phase-shift values, obtained in the s and p(3/2) partial waves, disagree with those of the most recent VPI global-fit solution (SP98); the largest part of this disagreement is removed if we compare our numbers to their single-energy solutions. The s-wave scattering length a(sub 0+), the p-wave scattering volumes a(sub 1+) and a(sub 1-), as well as the hadronic phase shifts themselves, obtained herein, are in agreement with recent work using older electromagnetic corrections; the output of the present work (including meaningful uncertainties) is tabulated in order to enable straightforward use in other applications.
We calculate for the s-, p(1/2)- and p(3/2)-waves the electromagnetic corrections which must be subtracted from the nuclear phase shifts obtained from the analysis of low energy pi+ p elastic scattering data, in order to obtain hadronic phase shifts. The calculation uses relativised Schroedinger equations containing the sum of an electromagnetic potential and an effective hadronic potential. We compare our results with those of previous calculations and qualitatively estimate the uncertainties in the corrections.
We calculate the electromagnetic corrections to the isospin invariant mixing angle and to the two eigenphases for the $s$-, $p_{1/2}$- and $p_{3/2}$-partial waves for $π^- p$ elastic and charge exchange scattering. These corrections have to be applied to the nuclear quantities in order to obtain the two hadronic phase shifts for each partial wave. The calculation uses relativised Schrödinger equations containing the sum of an electromagnetic potential and an effective hadronic potential. The mass differences between $π^-$ and $π^0$ as well as between $p$ and $n$ are taken into account. We compare our results with those of previous calculations and qualitatively estimate the uncertainties in the corrections.
We give the conversion equations which lead from experimental values of the $3p \to 1s$ transition energy in pionic hydrogen and the total width of the $1s$ level to values of the s-wave threshold scattering parameters for the processes $π^-p \to π^-p$ and $π^-p \to π^0n$ respectively. Using a three-channel potential model, we then calculate the electromagnetic corrections to these quantities, which remove the effects of the Coulomb interaction, the external mass differences and the presence of the $γn$ channel. We give the s-wave scattering parameters obtained from the present experimental data and these electromagnetic corrections. Finally we discuss the implications for isospin invariance.
Using electromagnetic corrections previously calculated by means of a potential model, we have made a phase-shift analysis of the $π^\pm p$ elastic-scattering data up to a pion laboratory kinetic energy of 100 MeV. The hadronic interaction was assumed to be isospin invariant. We found that it was possible to obtain self-consistent databases by removing very few measurements. A pion-nucleon model was fitted to the elastic-scattering database obtained after the removal of the outliers. The model-parameter values showed an impressive stability when the database was subjected to different criteria for the rejection of experiments. Our result for the pseudovector $πN N$ coupling constant (in the standard form) is $0.0733 \pm 0.0014$. The six hadronic phase shifts up to 100 MeV are given in tabulated form. We also give the values of the s-wave scattering lengths and the p-wave scattering volumes. Big differences in the s-wave part of the interaction were observed when comparing our hadronic phase shifts with those of the current GWU solution. We demonstrate that the hadronic phase shifts obtained from the analysis of the elastic-scattering data cannot reproduce the measurements of the $π^- p$ charge-exchange reaction, thus corroborating past evidence that the hadronic interaction violates isospin invariance. Assuming the validity of the result obtained within the framework of chiral perturbation theory, that the mass difference between the $u$- and the $d$-quark has only a very small effect on the isospin invariance of the purely hadronic interaction, the isospin-invariance violation revealed by the data must arise from the fact that we are dealing with a hadronic interaction which still contains residual effects of electromagnetic origin.
We calculate the s and p-wave electromagnetic corrections which must be subtracted from the nuclear phase shifts obtained from the analysis of low energy pi+p elastic scattering data, in order to obtain hadronic phase shifts. We compare our results with earlier calculations and estimate the uncertainties in the corrections.
We calculate the electromagnetic corrections to the isospin invariant mixing angle and to the two eigenphases for the s and p-waves for low energy pi-p elastic and charge exchange scattering. These corrections have to be applied to the nuclear quantities obtained from phase shift analyses of the experimental data in order to obtain the hadronic phases. We compare our results with earlier calculations and estimate the uncertainties in the corrections.
Recent analyses of low-energy pion-nucleon experimental data have provided clear evidence for the violation of the isospin symmetry of the strong interaction. In the present work, it is shown that the single-charge-exchange reaction is the culprit for the effect. Given the present experimental uncertainties, no evidence for isospin breaking was found in the two elastic-scattering processes for pion laboratory kinetic energies between 20 and 100 MeV. In agreement with most of the recent determinations, the value for the charged-pion coupling constant, extracted herein, is `small'. The energy dependence of the s- and p-wave hadronic phase shifts, obtained from low-energy elastic-scattering data exclusively, as well as their values in tabular form (including meaningful uncertainties), are provided. Discrepancies with two `standard' phase-shift solutions in the s-wave part of the interaction are seen; small differences may be observed in three of the p-wave channels.