arXiv subjects

E. Valenti

Publications and source records attributed to E. Valenti.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

arXiv2008

Probing the Galactic Bulge with deep Adaptive Optics imaging: the age of NGC 6440

We present first results of a pilot project aimed at exploiting the potentiality of ground based adaptive optics imaging in the near infrared to determine the age of stellar clusters in the Galactic Bulge. We have used a combination of high resolution adaptive optics (ESO-VLT NAOS-CONICA) and wide-field (ESO-NTT-SOFI) photometry of the metal rich globular cluster NGC 6440 located towards the inner Bulge, to compute a deep color magnitude diagram from the tip of the Red Giant Branch down to J~22$, two magnitudes below the Main Sequence Turn Off (TO). The magnitude difference between the TO level and the red Horizontal Branch has been used as an age indicator. It is the first time that such a measurement for a bulge globular cluster has been obtained with a ground based telescope. From a direct comparison with 47 Tuc and with a set of theoretical isochrones, we concluded that NGC 6440 is old and likely coeval to 47 Tuc. This result adds a new evidence that the Galactic Bulge is ~2 Gyr younger at most than the pristine, metal poor population of the Galactic Halo.

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arXiv2008

Discovery of a young massive stellar cluster near HESS J1813-178

We present the serendipitous discovery of a young stellar cluster in the Galactic disk at l=12deg. Using Keck/NIRSPEC, we obtained high- and low-resolution spectroscopy of several stars in the cluster, and we identified one red supergiant and two blue supergiants. The radial velocity of the red supergiant provides a kinematic cluster distance of 4.7pm0.4 kpc, implying luminosities of the stars consistent with their spectral types. Together with the known Wolf-Rayet star located 2.4' from the cluster center, the presence of the red supergiant and the blue supergiants suggests a cluster age of 6-8 Myr, and an initial mass of 2000 Msun. Several stars in the cluster are coincident with X-ray sources, including the blue supergiants and the Wolf-Rayet star. This is indicative of a high binary fraction, and is reminiscent of the massive young cluster Westerlund 1. The cluster is coincident with two supernova remnants, SNR G12.72-0.0 and G12.82-0.02, and the highly magnetized pulsar associated with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1813-178. The mixture of spectral types suggests that the progenitors of these objects had initial masses of 20 - 30 Msun.

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arXiv2008

High resolution infrared spectra of NGC 6440 and NGC 6441: two massive Bulge Globular Clusters

Using the NIRSPEC spectrograph at Keck II, we have obtained infrared echelle spectra covering the 1.5-1.8 micron range for giant stars in the massive bulge globular clusters NGC6440 and NGC6441. We report the first high dispersion abundance for NGC6440, [Fe/H]=-0.56+/-0.02 and we find [Fe/H]=-0.50+/-0.02 for the blue HB cluster NGC6441. We measure an average $α$-enhancement of ~+0.3 dex in both clusters, consistent with previous measurements of other metal rich bulge clusters, and favoring the scenario of a rapid bulge formation and chemical enrichment. We also measure very low 12C/13C isotopic ratios (~5+/- 1), suggesting that extra-mixing mechanisms are at work during evolution along the Red Giant Branch also in the high metallicity regime. We also measure Al abundances, finding average [Al/Fe]=0.45+/-0.02 and [Al/Fe]=0.52+/-0.02 in NGC6440 and NGC6441, respectively, and some Mg-Al anti-correlation in NGC6441. We also measure radial velocities vr=-76+/-3 km/s and vr=+14+/-3 km/s and velocity dispersions sigma=9+/-2 km/s and sigma=10+/-2 km/s, in NGC6440 and NGC6441, respectively.

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arXiv2007

Blue Straggler Stars in the Unusual Globular Cluster NGC 6388

We have used multi-band high resolution HST WFPC2 and ACS observations combined with wide field ground-based observations to study the blue straggler star (BSS) population in the galactic globular cluster NGC 6388. As in several other clusters we have studied, the BSS distribution is found to be bimodal: highly peaked in the cluster center, rapidly decreasing at intermediate radii, and rising again at larger radii. In other clusters the sparsely populated intermediate-radius region (or ``zone of avoidance'') corresponds well to that part of the cluster where dynamical friction would have caused the more massive BSS or their binary progenitors to settle to the cluster center. Instead, in NGC 6388, BSS still populate a region that should have been cleaned out by dynamical friction effects, thus suggesting that dynamical friction is somehow less efficient than expected. As by-product of these observations, the peculiar morphology of the horizontal branch (HB) is also confirmed. In particular, within the (very extended) blue portion of the HB we are able to clearly characterize three sub-populations: ordinary blue HB stars, extreme HB stars, and blue hook stars. Each of these populations has a radial distribution which is indistinguishable from normal cluster stars.

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arXiv2007

The surface density profile of NGC 6388: a good candidate for harboring an intermediate-mass black hole

We have used a combination of high resolution (HST ACS-HRC, ACS-WFC, and WFPC2) and wide-field (ESO-WFI) observations of the galactic globular cluster NGC 6388 to derive its center of gravity, projected density profile, and central surface brightness profile. While the overall projected profiles are well fit by a King model with intermediate concentration (c=1.8) and sizable core radius (rc=7"), a significant power law (with slope α=-0.2) deviation from a flat core behavior has been detected within the inner 1 arcsecond. These properties suggest the presence of a central intermediate mass black hole. The observed profiles are well reproduced by a multi-mass isotropic, spherical model including a black hole with a mass of ~5.7x10^3 Msol.

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arXiv2007

A Panchromatic Study of the Globular Cluster NGC 1904. I: The Blue Straggler Population

By combining high-resolution (HST-WFPC2) and wide-field ground based (2.2m ESO-WFI) and space (GALEX) observations, we have collected a multi-wavelength photometric data base (ranging from the far UV to the near infrared) of the galactic globular cluster NGC1904 (M79). The sample covers the entire cluster extension, from the very central regions up to the tidal radius. In the present paper such a data set is used to study the BSS population and its radial distribution. A total number of 39 bright ($m_{218}\le 19.5$) BSS has been detected, and they have been found to be highly segregated in the cluster core. No significant upturn in the BSS frequency has been observed in the outskirts of NGC 1904, in contrast to other clusters (M 3, 47 Tuc, NGC 6752, M 5) studied with the same technique. Such evidences, coupled with the large radius of avoidance estimated for NGC 1904 ($r_{avoid}\sim 30$ core radii), indicate that the vast majority of the cluster heavy stars (binaries) has already sunk to the core. Accordingly, extensive dynamical simulations suggest that BSS formed by mass transfer activity in primordial binaries evolving in isolation in the cluster outskirts represent only a negligible (0--10%) fraction of the overall population.

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arXiv2007

Na-O Anticorrelation and Horizontal Branches. V. The Na-O anticorrelation in NGC 6441 from Giraffe spectra

We present an analysis of FLAMES-Giraffe spectra for several bright giants in NGC 6441, to investigate the presence and extent of the Na-O anticorrelation in this anomalous globular cluster. The field of NGC 6441 is very crowded, with severe contamination by foreground (mainly bulge) field stars. Appropriate membership criteria were devised to identify a group of 25 likely cluster members among the about 130 stars observed. Combined with the UVES data obtained with the same observations, high dispersion abundance analyses are now available for a total of 30 stars in NGC 6441, 29 of them having data for both O and Na. The spectra were analyzed by a standard line analysis procedure; care was taken to minimize the impact of the differential interstellar reddening throughout the cluster, and to extract reliable information from crowded, and moderately high S/N (30-70), moderately high resolution (R ~ 23,000) spectra. NGC 6441 is very metal-rich ([Fe/H]=$-0.34\pm 0.02\pm0.04$ dex). There is no clear sign of star-to-star scatter in the Fe-peak elements. The alpha-elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti are overabundant by rather large factors, suggesting that the cluster formed from material enriched by massive core collapse SNe. The O-Na anticorrelation is well defined, with about 1/4 of the stars being Na-rich and O-poor. One of the stars is a Ba-rich and moderately C-rich star. The distribution of [Na/O] ratios among RGB stars in NGC 6441 appears similar to the distribution of colors of stars along the horizontal branch. The fraction of Na-poor, O-rich stars found in NGC 6441 agrees well with that of stars on the red horizontal branch of this cluster (in both cases about 80%), with a sloping distribution toward lower values of [O/Na] (among RGB stars and bluer colors (among HB stars).

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arXiv2006

Near-IR properties of 24 Globular Clusters in the Galactic Bulge

We present near-IR Color-Magnitude Diagrams and physical parameters for a sample of 24 Galactic Globular Clusters toward the Bulge direction. In this paper we discuss the properties of twelve new clusters (out of 24) in addition to those previously studied and published by our group. The compilation includes measurements of the cluster reddening, distance, photometric metallicity, Horizontal Branch Red Clump, Red Giant Branch morphological (i.e. mean ridge lines) and evolutionary (i.e. bump and tip) features. The compilation is available in electronic form through the WorldWideWeb, and it will be updated regularly.

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arXiv2006

The RR Lyrae Period - K Luminosity relation for Globular Clusters: an observational approach

The Period - metallicity - K band luminosity (PLK) relation for RR Lyrae stars in 15 Galactic globular clusters and in the LMC globular cluster Reticulum has been derived. It is based on accurate near infrared (K) photometry combined with 2MASS and other literature data. The PLK relation has been calibrated and compared with the previous empirical and theoretical determinations in literature. The zero point of the absolute calibration has been obtained from the K magnitude of RR Lyr whose distance modulus has been measured via trigonometric parallax with HST. Using this relation we obtain a distance modulus to the LMC of (m-M)_0 = 18.54 \pm 0.15 mag, in good agreement with recent determinations based on the analysis of Cepheid variable stars.

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arXiv2006

An empirical tool to derive metallicity, reddening and distance for old stellar populations from near IR Color Magnitude Diagrams

We present an empirical method to derive photometric metallicity, reddening and distance to old stellar populations by using a few major features of the Red Giant Branch (RGB) in near IR color magnitude diagrams. We combine the observed RGB features with a set of equations linking the global metallicity [M/H] to suitable RGB parameters (colors, magnitudes and slope), as calibrated from a homogeneous sample of Galactic Globular Clusters with different metallicities. This technique can be applied to efficiently derive the main population parameters of old stellar systems, in the view of using ground-based adaptive optics and space facilities to probe the stellar content of remote galaxies.

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arXiv2006

High resolution infrared spectroscopy of the old open cluster NGC6791

We report abundance analysis for 6 M giant members of the old open cluster NGC6791, based on infrared spectroscopy (1.5-1.8 micron) at R=25,000, using the NIRSPEC spectrograph at the Keck II telescope. We find the iron abundance <[Fe/H]>= +0.35 +/- 0.02$, confirming the super solar metallicity of this cluster derived from optical medium-high resolution spectroscopy. We also measure C, O and other alpha element abundances, finding roughly solar [alpha/Fe] and <[C/Fe]> = -0.35. Our approach constrains [O/Fe] especially well, based on the measurement of a number of OH lines near 1.6micron; we find [O/Fe]=-0.07 +/-0.03. The Solar alpha enhancement is in contrast to the composition of similar stars in the Galactic bulge. We also find low 12C/13C~10, confirming the presence of extra-mixing processes during the red giant phase of evolution, up to super solar metallicities.

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arXiv2006

Na-O Anticorrelation And HB. III. The abundances of NGC 6441 from FLAMES-UVES spectra

The aim of the present work is to determine accurate metallicities for a group of red giant branch stars in the field of the bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6441. This is the third paper of a series resulting from a large project aimed at determining the extent of the Na-O anticorrelation among Globular Cluster stars and exploring its relationship with HB morphology. We present an LTE abundance analysis of these objects, based on data gathered with the FLAMES fiber facility and the UVES spectrograph at VLT2. Five of the thirteen stars observed are members of the cluster. The average Fe abundance for these five stars is [Fe/H]=$-0.39\pm 0.04\pm 0.05$~dex, where the first error bar includes the uncertainties related to star-to-star random errors, and the second one the systematic effects related to the various assumptions made in the analysis.The overall abundance pattern is quite typical of Globular Clusters, with an excess of the $α-$elements and of Eu. There is evidence that the stars of NGC 6441 are enriched in Na and Al, while they have been depleted of O and Mg, due to H-burning at high temperatures, in analogy with extensive observations for other Globular Clusters: in particular, one star is clearly Na and Al-rich and O and Mg-poor. We obtained also quite high V abundances, but it is possible that this is an artifact of the analysis, since similar large V abundances are derived also for the field stars. These last are all more metal-rich than NGC 6441 and probably belong to the bulge population.

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arXiv2006

An empirical calibration of the mixing-length parameter alpha

We present an empirical calibration of the Mixing-Length free parameter $α$ based on a homogeneous Infrared database of 28 Galactic globular clusters spanning a wide metallicity range (-2.15$<$[Fe/H]$<$-0.2). Empirical estimates of the red giant effective temperatures have been obtained from infrared colors. Suitable relations linking these temperatures to the cluster metallicity have been obtained and compared to theoretical predictions. An appropriate set of models for the Sun and Population II giants have been computed by using both the standard solar metallicity $[Z/X]_{\odot}=0.0275$ and the most recently proposed value $[Z/X]_{\odot}=$0.0177. We find that when the standard solar metallicity is adopted, a unique value of $α$=2.17 can be used to reproduce both the solar radius and the population II red giant temperature. Conversely, when the new solar metallicity is adopted, two different values of $α$ are required: $α=1.86$ to fit the solar radius and $α\approx2.0$ to fit the red giant temperatures. However, it must be noted that, regardless the adopted solar reference, the $α$ parameter does not show any significant dependence on metallicity.

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arXiv2006

The dynamical state and blue straggler population of the globular cluster NGC 6266 (M62)

We have used a proper combination of multiband high-resolution {\it HST-WFPC2} and wide-field ground based observations to image the galactic globular cluster NGC 6266 (M62). The extensive photometric data set allows us to determine the center of gravity and to construct the most extended radial profile ever published for this cluster including, for the first time, detailed star counts in the very inner region. The star density profile is well reproduced by a standard King model with an extended core ($\sim 19''$) and a modest value of the concentration parameter ($c=1.5$), indicating that the cluster has not-yet experienced core collapse. The millisecond pulsar population (whose members are all in binary systems) and the X-ray emitting population (more than 50 sources within the cluster half mass radius) suggest that NGC 6266 is in a dynamical phase particularly active in generating binaries through dynamical encounters. UV observations of the central region have been used to probe the population of blue straggler stars, whose origin might be also affected by dynamical interactions. The comparison with other globular clusters observed with a similar strategy shows that the blue straggler content in NGC 6266 is relatively low, suggesting that the formation channel that produces binary systems hosting neutron stars or white dwarfs is not effective in significantly increasing the blue straggler population. Moreover, an anticorrelation between millisecond pulsar content and blue straggler specific frequency in globular cluster seems emerging with increasing evidence.

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arXiv2005

Near-Infrared photometry and spectroscopy of NGC 6539 and UKS 1: two intermediate metallicity Bulge Globular Clusters

Using the SofI imager at ESO/NTT and NIRSPEC spectrograph at KeckII, we have obtained J,K images and echelle spectra covering the range 1.5 - 1.8 micron for the intermediate metallicity Bulge globular clusters NGC6539 and UKS1. We find [Fe/H]=-0.76 and -0.78, respectively, and an average alpha-enhancement of +0.44 dex and +0.31 dex, consistent with previous measurements of metal rich Bulge clusters, and favoring the scenario of rapid chemical enrichment. We also measure very low 12C/13C=4.5 +/-1 isotopic ratios in both clusters, suggesting that extra-mixing mechanisms due to cool bottom processing are at work during the evolution along the Red Giant Branch. Finally, we measure accurate radial velocities of =+31 +/-4Km/s and =+57 +/-6Km/s and velocity dispersion of about 8 Km/s and 11 Km/s for NGC6539 and UKS1, respectively.

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arXiv2005

Near-Infrared photometry of four metal-rich Bulge globular clusters: NGC6304, NGC6569, NGC6637, NGC6638

We present high-quality near-Infrared photometry of four Bulge metal-rich globular clusters, namely: NGC 6304, NGC 6569, NGC 6637 and NGC 6638. By using the observed Colour-Magnitude Diagrams we derived a photometric estimates of the cluster reddening and distance. We performed a detailed analysis of the Red Giant Branch, presenting a complete description of morphologic parameters and evolutionary features (Bump and Tip). Photometric estimates of the cluster metallicity have been obtained by using the updated set of relations (published by our group) linking the metal abundance to a variety of near-Infrared indices measured along the Red Giant Branch. The detection of the Red Giant Branch Bump and the Tip is also presented and briefly discussed.

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arXiv2004

High resolution infrared spectra of NGC 6342 and NGC 6528: two moderately reddened Bulge Globular Clusters

Using the NIRSPEC spectrograph at Keck II, we have obtained infrared echelle spectra covering the range 1.5-1.8 micron for the moderately reddened bulge globular clusters NGC 6342 and NGC 6528, finding [Fe/H]= -0.60 and -0.17 dex, respectively. We measure an average alpha-enhancement of approx +0.33 dex in both clusters, consistent with previous measurements on other metal rich bulge clusters, and favoring the scenario of a rapid bulge formation and chemical enrichment. We also measure very low 12C/13C isotopic ratios (approx 5 in NGC 6342 and approx 8 in NGC 6528), suggesting that extra-mixing mechanisms due to cool bottom processing are at work during evolution along the Red Giant Branch.

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arXiv2004

The Red Giant Branch in Near-Infrared Colour-Magnitude Diagrams. II: The luminosity of the Bump and the Tip

We present new empirical calibrations of the Red Giant Branch (RGB) Bump and Tip based on a homogeneous near-Infrared database of 24 Galactic Globular Clusters. The luminosities of the RGB Bump and Tip in the J, H and K bands and their dependence on the cluster metallicity have been studied, yielding empirical relationships. By using recent transformations between the observational and theoretical planes, we also derived similar calibrations in terms of bolometric luminosity. Direct comparison between updated theoretical models and observations show an excellent agreement. The empirical calibration of the RGB Tip luminosity in the near-Infrared passbands presented here is a fundamental tool to derive distances to far galaxies beyond the Local Group, in view of using the new ground-based adaptive optics facilities and, in the next future, the James Webb Space Telescope.

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