arXiv subjects

Eduardo Ortega

Publications and source records attributed to Eduardo Ortega.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Twin Domains in Van der Waals Quaternary Oxides

Optical anisotropy is the basis for many intriguing phenomena in van der Waals materials, including hyperbolic polaritons and extreme birefringence. Stacking and twisting van der Waals materials along the out-of-plane direction emerged as a powerful route to tailor this anisotropy, but designing lateral interfaces remains a challenge. Here, twin domains are reported in the van der Waals quaternary oxides MgTeMoO$_6$, MnTeMoO$_6$, ZnTeMoO$_6$, and CoTeMoO$_6$ - materials that possess strong in-plane optical anisotropy and second-order nonlinearity. The domains naturally form in their orthorhombic crystal structure and extend over hundreds of micrometers. It is proposed that this stability is achieved by the domain wall acting as a diagonal mirror plane in the crystal structure, parallel to the (1-10) or (110) crystal planes, resulting in nearly opposite birefringence between domains. This hypothesis is experimentally confirmed by determining the angle between the crystal axes of neighboring domains using polarization-resolved optical microscopy, infrared-visible sum-frequency generation microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The latter further allowed an estimate of the domain wall thickness. Overall, the observation of twin domains with orthogonal optical anisotropy opens new routes to use van der Waals quaternary oxides for birefringent waveguiding, polariton steering, and frequency conversion applications.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

A Digital Beamforming Receiver Architecture Implemented on a FPGA for Space Applications

The burgeoning interest within the space community in digital beamforming is largely attributable to the superior flexibility that satellites with active antenna systems offer for a wide range of applications, notably in communication services. This paper delves into the analysis and practical implementation of a Digital Beamforming and Digital Down Conversion (DDC) chain, leveraging a high-speed Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) certified for space applications alongside a high-performance Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed design strategy focuses on optimizing resource efficiency and minimizing power consumption by strategically sequencing the beamformer processor ahead of the complex down-conversion operation. This innovative approach entails the application of demodulation and low-pass filtering exclusively to the aggregated beam channel, culminating in a marked reduction in the requisite digital signal processing resources relative to traditional, more resource-intensive digital beamforming and DDC architectures. In the experimental validation, an evaluation board integrating a high-speed ADC and a FPGA was utilized. This setup facilitated the empirical validation of the design's efficacy by applying various RF input signals to the digital beamforming receiver system. The ADC employed is capable of high-resolution signal processing, while the FPGA provides the necessary computational flexibility and speed for real-time digital signal processing tasks. The findings underscore the potential of this design to significantly enhance the efficiency and performance of digital beamforming systems in space applications.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2024

Do Counterfactual Examples Complicate Adversarial Training?

We leverage diffusion models to study the robustness-performance tradeoff of robust classifiers. Our approach introduces a simple, pretrained diffusion method to generate low-norm counterfactual examples (CEs): semantically altered data which results in different true class membership. We report that the confidence and accuracy of robust models on their clean training data are associated with the proximity of the data to their CEs. Moreover, robust models perform very poorly when evaluated on the CEs directly, as they become increasingly invariant to the low-norm, semantic changes brought by CEs. The results indicate a significant overlap between non-robust and semantic features, countering the common assumption that non-robust features are not interpretable.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2023

High Precision Orientation Mapping from 4D-STEM Precession Electron Diffraction data through Quantitative Analysis of Diffracted Intensities

The association of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and the detection of a diffraction pattern at each probe position (so-called 4D-STEM) represents one of the most promising approaches to analyze structural properties of materials with nanometric resolution and low irradiation levels. This is widely used for texture analysis of material using automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM). Herein, we perform orientation mapping in InP nanowires exploiting precession electron diffraction (PED) patterns acquired by an axial CMOS camera. Crystal orientation is determined at each probe position by the quantitative analysis of diffracted intensities minimizing a residue comparing experiments and simulations in analogy to structural refinement. Our simulations are based on the two-beam dynamical diffraction approximation and yield a high angular precision (~0.03 degrees), much lower than the traditional ACOM based on pattern matching algorithms (~1 degrees). We anticipate that simultaneous exploration of both spot positions and high precision crystal misorientation will allow the exploration of the whole potentiality provided by PED-based 4D-STEM for the characterization of deformation fields in nanomaterials.

physics.app-ph↗