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Edward J. Shaya

Publications and source records attributed to Edward J. Shaya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The Quantum Boundary of Black Hole Interiors: Signature Failure and the Termination of Mass Inflation

Classical general relativity predicts a singularity at the center of every black hole. We argue that it is never reached. We adopt the conjecture of Shaya (2026) that a metric element of non-Lorentzian signature is inadmissible: it cannot enter the Feynman sum over geometries, and so cannot belong to the physical manifold. Nothing beyond standard quantum mechanics is invoked. Signature is the only pointwise diffeomorphism-invariant content of the metric, so the criterion is local and coordinate independent. Transverse-traceless graviton vacuum fluctuations grow as $Δ_g = \sqrt{8/π}\,\ell_P/q$ on a scale $q$, and any finite-scale metric stress driving an eigenvalue through zero removes that element. When the surviving elements can no longer sustain connected, differentiable, causally propagating support, the manifold terminates on a quantum boundary $\mathcal{B}_Q$ at finite radius. For the vacuum Schwarzschild interior the tidal Weyl stress gives $r_{\rm qb} \simeq 1.0\times10^{-22}(M/M_\odot)^{1/3}$~m for the adopted curvature response $C_W=0.15$. For a spinning hole, the boundary forms much farther out: mass inflation at the inner horizon $r_{-}$ concentrates an exponentially growing interior mass into a thin layer whose thickness is set by the accretion rate and floored at one spatial quantum, and the counter-streaming null fluxes supply a trace-free Ricci stress along the radial axis alone. This caps the factor $n_{\rm qb}$ by which mass inflation can amplify the interior mass function, at between $10^{38}$ and $10^{69}$ for a $10\,M_\odot$ hole depending on its accretion history, and leaves the Cauchy horizon, the ring, and all deeper extensions outside the physical manifold. The Gibbons--Hawking--York term over this terminal slice yields a finite interior action, $S_{GHY}^{qb} \approx \frac{3}{2} n_{\rm qb} Mc^2\,Δt$.

gr-qc

Vacuum Spin-Torsion Energy Density and Two-Modulus Stability on $S^2\times\mathbb{C}P^2$

In Einstein--Cartan--Kaluza--Klein compactification on $S^2\times\mathbb{C}P^2$, elimination of the non-propagating torsion generates a quartic spin-current contact interaction whose vacuum expectation value is nonzero even at zero fermion occupation. We reduce the ten-dimensional $Γ_{ABC}$ structure to the zero-mode sector and find that the reduction is channel-resolved: each of the three internal Cartan-plane bilinears contribute with the opposite sign to the external (axial) channel, so that the full trace is $R_{ch} = T_{\rm vac}/T_{\rm axial} = 1 + 3\,(-1) = -2$. The vacuum term is therefore twice the axial estimate and opposite in sign, and, combined with the elimination constant $c_{10} = -κ_{10}/32$, verified by explicit Clifford computation, it is attractive and proportional to $N_{\rm fam}^2$. We obtain the separated-point correlator, which in the continuum scales as $N_{\rm fam}^2 d_R/(V_6\,r^6)$, and, conditional on the physical quantum-boundary prescription, evaluate it at the minimum supported separation. The finite-density piece of the same correlator has the same sign and grows with chemical potential. Binding deepens after nucleation; the single-particle Hartree self-contraction vanishes for chiral zero modes. Using the derived $1/(a_1^2a_2^4)$ vacuum term with the Einstein-frame curvature and quantized-flux contributions, we analyze a coupled two-modulus toy potential. At fiducial couplings, the $(m,n)=(3,3)$ sector has a finite-radius stationary point with positive Hessian in both radion directions, while the four-family $(4,3)$ minimum lies beyond the adopted quantum-curvature boundary. The three-family sector $(1,5)$ is also locally stable but is less bound. 3-family dominance of the thermal nucleation weight further imposes the condition $κ_4 \lesssim 7.5\,(16/B)\,\ell_P^2$. These results serve as inputs to our higher-level synthesis.

physics.gen-ph

Three Chiral Families from a Monopole Product over $S^2\times\mathbb{C}P^2$

We study the chiral zero-mode spectrum of the compact six-manifold $X_6=S^2\times \mathbb{C}P^2$ in a ten-dimensional Kaluza-Klein setting. We review the monopole Dirac index on $S^2$ and the $\mathrm{Spin}^{c}$ index analysis, showing that $\mathbb{C}P^2$ admits a minimal unit-index chiral sector. Dolan and Nash established the $\mathrm{Spin}^c$ index mechanism on complex projective spaces and showed that $\mathbb{C}P^2$ can supply a one-family chiral building block with Standard-Model-like quantum numbers. The step taken here is to place the $\mathbb{C}P^2$ sector on the six-dimensional product $S^2\times\mathbb{C}P^2$ and use an independently quantized monopole sector on $S^2$ to control the multiplicity. Unlike Calabi--Yau model-building constructions, where the family number is tied to vector-bundle and quotient data, this homogeneous product gives the three-family count through the factorized Dirac-index formula: $ N_{\rm fam} = {\rm index} D_{S^2 \times \mathbb{C}P^2}=\bigl({\rm index} D_{S^2,m}\bigr) \,\bigl({\rm index} D_{\mathbb{C}P^2,n}\bigr)=m\,\frac{n^2-1}{8}$. The canonical complex $\mathrm{Spin}^{c}$ structure on $\mathbb{C}P^2$ has $n=3$ and unit index. We show that this index is saturated by exactly one chiral zero mode and no opposite-chirality vectorlike partner. Thus, two flux sectors produce exactly three chiral internal zero modes: $(m,n)=(3,3)$ and $(m,n)=(1,5)$. Saturation is proved for all odd $n\geq 3$. This homogeneous product isolates the family number in an elementary geometric formula. For a 10D Weyl fermion valued in a visible $\mathbf{16}$ of $\mathrm{Spin}(10)_G$, Lorentz branching shows these internal zero modes yield three left-handed 4D $\mathbf{16}_G$ multiplets. The analysis is restricted to the spectral and index-theoretic problem; moduli stabilization and phenomenological dynamics are deferred to a companion paper.

physics.gen-ph

The TRGB-SBF Project. II. Resolving the Virgo Cluster with JWST

The Virgo Cluster is the nearest substantial cluster of galaxies to the Milky Way and a cornerstone of the extragalactic distance scale. Here, we present JWST/NIRCam observations that simultaneously cover the cores and halos of ten galaxies in and around the Virgo Cluster and are designed to perform simultaneous measurements of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) and surface brightness fluctuations (SBF). Seven of the targets are within the Virgo Cluster and where we are able to resolve some of the cluster's substructure, while an additional three provide important constraints on Virgo infall. The seven galaxies within Virgo itself all have SBF measurements from the Advanced Camera for Surveys Virgo Cluster Survey (ACSVCS). After adjusting the ACSVCS measurements for the offset from our new JWST TRGB measurements, we determine a distance to the Virgo Cluster of d $=$ 16.17 $\pm$ 0.25 (stat) $\pm$ 0.47 (sys) Mpc. The work presented here is part of a larger program to develop a Population II distance scale through the TRGB and SBF that is completely independent of the prominent Cepheid + Type Ia supernova ladder. The TRGB distances to the galaxies presented here, when combined with future SBF measurements, will provide a crucial step forward for determining whether or not systematic errors can explain the well-known "Hubble tension'' or if there is significant evidence for cracks in the $Λ$CDM model.

astro-ph.GA

SN 2018agk: A Prototypical Type Ia Supernova with a Smooth Power-law Rise in Kepler (K2)

We present the 30-min cadence Kepler/K2 light curve of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2018agk, covering approximately one week before explosion, the full rise phase and the decline until 40 days after peak. We additionally present ground-based observations in multiple bands within the same time range, including the 1-day cadence DECam observations within the first $\sim$5 days after the first light. The Kepler early light curve is fully consistent with a single power-law rise, without evidence of any bump feature. We compare SN 2018agk with a sample of other SNe~Ia without early excess flux from the literature. We find that SNe Ia without excess flux have slowly-evolving early colors in a narrow range ($g-i\approx -0.20\pm0.20$ mag) within the first $\sim 10$ days. On the other hand, among SNe Ia detected with excess, SN 2017cbv and SN 2018oh tend to be bluer, while iPTF16abc's evolution is similar to normal SNe Ia without excess in $g-i$. We further compare the Kepler light curve of SN 2018agk with companion-interaction models, and rule out the existence of a typical non-degenerate companion undergoing Roche-lobe overflow at viewing angles smaller than $45^{\circ}$.

astro-ph.HE

The Extragalactic Distance Database: The Color-Magnitude Diagrams and Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances Catalog

The Extragalactic Distance Database (EDD) was created as a repository for high quality, redshift-independent distances. A key component of EDD is the Color Magnitude Diagrams/Tip of the Red Giant Branch (CMDs/TRGB) catalog, which provides information on the stellar content of nearby galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Here we provide a decadal update to this catalog, which has now doubled in size to over 500 galaxies. We highlight the additions to our data reduction and analysis techniques, and provide examples of the science that has been made possible with this large data set. We find the TRGB to be a reliable measure for distance, and we aim to extend its distance coverage with HST to every galaxy within 10 Mpc. In the near-future, the combination of the James Webb Space Telescope and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will dramatically increase the number of targets within our grasp.

astro-ph.GA

Distance and mass of the NGC 253 galaxy group

Two dwarf galaxies: WOC2017-07 and PGC 704814 located in the vicinity of the nearby luminous spiral galaxy NGC 253 were observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. Their distances of 3.62$\pm$0.18 Mpc and 3.66$\pm$0.18 Mpc were derived using the tip of the red giant branch method. These distances are consistent with the dwarf galaxies being members of the NGC 253 group. Based on the radial velocities and projected separations of seven assumed dwarf companions, we estimated the total mass of NGC 253 to be $(8.1\pm2.6) 10^{11} M_{\odot}$, giving a total-mass-to-$K$-luminosity ratio $M_{\rm orb}/L_K = (8.5\pm2.7) M_{\odot}/L_{\odot}$. A notable property of NGC 253 is its declined rotation curve. NGC 253 joins four other luminous spiral galaxies in the Local Volume with declined rotation curves (NGC 2683, NGC 2903, NGC 3521 and NGC 5055) that together have the low average total-mass-to-luminosity ratio, $M_{\rm orb}/L_K = (5.5\pm1.1) M_{\odot}/L_{\odot}$. This value is only $\sim$1/5 of the corresponding ratio for the Milky Way and M 31.

astro-ph.GA

Distance and mass of the M104 (Sombrero) group

Distances and radial velocities of galaxies in the vicinity of the luminous early-type galaxy M 104 (Sombrero) are used to derive its dark matter mass. Two dwarf galaxies: UGCA 307 and KKSG 30 situated near M 104 were observed with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. The distances $9.03^{+0.84}_{-0.51}$ Mpc (UGCA 307) and $9.72^{+0.44}_{-0.41}$ Mpc (KKSG 30) were determined using the tip of the red giant branch method. These distances are consistent with the dwarf galaxies being satellites of Sombrero. Using radial velocities and projected separations of UGCA 307, KKSG 30, and a third galaxy with an accurate distance (KKSG 29), as well as 12 other assumed companions with less accurate distances, the total mass of M 104 is estimated to be $(1.55\pm0.49) 10^{13} M_{\odot}$. At the K-band luminosity of the Sombrero galaxy of $2.4 10^{11} L_{\odot}$, its total mass-to-luminosity ratio is $M_T/L_K = (65\pm20)M_{\odot}/L_{\odot}$, which is about three times higher than that of luminous bulgeless galaxies.

astro-ph.GA

KKH 22, the first dwarf spheroidal satellite of IC 342

We present observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope of the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy KKH 22 = LEDA 2807114 in the vicinity of the massive spiral galaxy IC 342. We derived its distance of 3.12+-0.19 Mpc using the tip of red giant branch (TRGB) method. We also used the 6 m BTA spectroscopy to measure a heliocentric radial velocity of the globular cluster in KKH22 to be +30+-10 km/s. The dSph galaxy KKH 22 has the V-band absolute magnitude of -12.19 mag and the central surface brightness mu_v,0 = 24.1 mag/sq.arcsec. Both the velocity and the distance of KKH 22 are consistent with the dSph galaxy being gravitationally bound to IC 342. Another nearby dIr galaxy, KKH 34, with a low heliocentric velocity of +106 km/s has the TRGB distance of 7.28+-0.36 Mpc residing in the background with respect to the IC 342 group. KKH 34 has a surprisingly high negative peculiar velocity of -236+-26 km/s.

astro-ph.GA

Cosmicflows-3: Two Distance$-$Velocity Calculators

Tools are provided at the Extragalactic Distance Database website that provide relationships between the distances and velocities of galaxies based on smoothed versions of the velocity fields derived by the Cosmicflows program.

astro-ph.CO

Peculiar Velocities of Galaxies Just Beyond the Local Group

The Milky Way lies in a thin plane, the Local Sheet, a part of a wall bounding the Local Void lying toward the north supergalactic pole. Galaxies with accurate distances both above and below this supergalactic equatorial plane have systematically negative peculiar velocities. The interpretation of this situation is that the Local Void is expanding, giving members of the Local Sheet deviant velocities toward the south supergalactic pole. The few galaxies within the void are evacuating the void. Galaxies in a filament in the supergalactic south are not feeling the expansion so their apparent motion toward us is mainly a reflex of our motion. The model of the local velocity field was uncertain because the apex of our motion away from the Local Void lies in obscurity near the Galactic plane. Here, results of Hubble Space Telescope infrared observations are reported that find tip of the red giant branch distances to four obscured galaxies. All the distances are $\sim7$ Mpc, revealing that these galaxies are part of a continuous filamentary structure passing between the north and south Galactic hemispheres and sharing the same kinematic signature of peculiar velocities toward us. A fifth galaxy nearby in projection, GALFA-DW4, has an ambiguous distance. If nearby at $\sim 3$ Mpc, this galaxy has an anomalous velocity away from us of +348 km/s. Alternatively, perhaps the resolved stars are on the asymptotic giant branch and the galaxy is beyond 6 Mpc whence the observed velocity would not be unusual.

astro-ph.GA

The Distance to the Galaxy Coma P

If the extremely low surface brightness galaxy Coma P lies at $5.5\pm0.3$ Mpc as recently proposed then it would have an extraordinarily deviant peculiar velocity of $\sim900$ km $\mathrm{s^{-1}}$ at a location where differential velocities between galaxies are low. We have accessed the images from the HST archives used to derive the literature distance from the magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch. Our analysis gives the distance to be $10.9\pm1.0$ Mpc. At this location the galaxy lies within the infall region of the Virgo Cluster, such that its still considerable peculiar velocity of $\sim500$ km $\mathrm{s^{-1}}$ is consistent with an established model. Coma P has an unusually pronounced asymptotic giant branch relative to its red giant branch. The dominant stellar population is just a few Gyr old.

astro-ph.GA

TRGB distances to galaxies in front of the Virgo cluster

Tip of the red giant branch distances are acquired from Hubble Space Telescope images for 16 galaxies to the foreground of the Virgo Cluster. The new distances with 5% accuracy, combined with archival measurements, tightly constrain the near side location of the onset of infall into the Virgo Cluster to be 7.3+-0.3 Mpc from the cluster, reaching within 9 Mpc of the Milky Way. The mass within this turnaround radius about the cluster is 8.3+-0.9 x 10^{14} Msun. Color-magnitude diagrams are provided for galaxies in the study and there is brief discussion of their group affiliations.

astro-ph.GA

Action Dynamics of the Local Supercluster

The fully nonlinear gravitationally induced trajectories of a nearly complete set of galaxies, groups, and clusters in the Local Supercluster are constructed in a Numerical Action Method (NAM) model constrained by data from the CosmicFlows survey and various distance indicators. We add the gravity field due to inhomogeneities external to the sample sphere by making use of larger scale peculiar flow measurements. Assignments of total masses were made to find the best overall set of mutual attractions, as determined by a goodness criterion based on present day radial velocities, individually for the Virgo Cluster, M31, and the Milky Way (MW), and via a mass-to-light ratio relationship for other masses. The low median chi-square found indicates the model fits the present day velocity flow well, but a slightly high mean chi-square may indicate that some masses underwent complex orbits. The best fit, when setting the value of $H_0$ to the CosmicFlows value of 75 km/s/Mpc and the WMAP value for $Ω_m=0.244$ consistent with that $H_0$, occurs with the following parameters: $Ω_{orphan} = 0.077\pm0.016$, $M/L_K $= $40 \pm 2$ $L_{10}^{0.15}$ $M_\odot/L_\odot$ ($L_{10}$ is K-band luminosity in units of $10^{10} L_\odot$), a Virgo mass of $6.3\pm0.8 \times 10^{14} M_\odot$ ($M/L_K = 113\pm15 M_\odot/L_\odot$), and a mass for the MW plus M31 of $5.15\pm0.35 \times 10^{12} M_\odot$. The best constant mass-to-light ratio is $M/L_K = 58\pm3 M_\odot/L_\odot$. The Virgocentric turnaround radius is $7.3\pm0.3$ Mpc. We explain several interesting trends in peculiar motions for various regions now that we can construct the 3D orbital histories.

astro-ph.CO

Draining the Local Void

Two galaxies that lie deep within the Local Void provide a test of the expectation that voids expand. The modest (M_B~-14) HI bearing dwarf galaxies ALFAZOAJ1952+1428 and KK246 have been imaged with Hubble Space Telescope in order to study the stellar populations and determine distances from the luminosities of stars at the tip of the red giant branch. The mixed age systems have respective distances of 8.39 Mpc and 6.95 Mpc and inferred line-of-sight peculiar velocities of -114 km/s and -66 km/s toward us and away from the void center. These motions compound on the Milky Way motion of ~230 km/s away from the void. The orbits of the two galaxies are reasonably constrained by a numerical action model encompassing an extensive region that embraces the Local Void. It is unambiguously confirmed that these two void galaxies are moving away from the void center at several hundred km/s.

astro-ph.GA

Active Galactic Nuclei Discovered in the Kepler Mission

We report on candidate active galactic nuclei (AGN) discovered during the monitoring of $\sim$500 bright (r < 18 mag) galaxies over several years with the Kepler Mission. Most of the targets were sampled every 30 minutes nearly continuously for a year or more. Variations of 0.001 mag and often less could be detected reliably. About 4.0% (19) of our random sample continuously fluctuated with amplitudes increasing with longer timescales, but the majority are close to the limits of detectability with Kepler. We discuss our techniques to mitigate the long term instrumental trends in Kepler light curves and our resulting structure function curves. The amplitudes of variability over four month periods, as seen in the structure functions and PSDs, can dramatically change for many of these AGN candidates. Four of the candidates have features in their Structure Functions that may indicate quasi-periodic behavior, although other possibilities are discussed.

astro-ph.HE

Two Planes of Satellites in the Centaurus A Group

Tip of the red giant branch measurements based on Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based imaging have resulted in accurate distances to 29 galaxies in the nearby Centaurus A Group. All but two of the 29 galaxies lie in either of two thin planes roughly parallel with the supergalactic equator. The planes are only slightly tilted from the line-of-sight, leaving little ambiguity regarding the morphology of the structure. The planes have characteristic r.m.s. long axis dimensions of ~300 kpc and short axis dimensions of ~60 kpc, hence axial ratios ~0.2, and are separated in the short axis direction by 303 kpc.

astro-ph.GA

Infall of nearby galaxies into the Virgo cluster as traced with HST

We measured the Tip of the Red Giant Branch distances to nine galaxies in the direction to the Virgo cluster using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. These distances put seven galaxies: GR 34, UGC 7512, NGC 4517, IC 3583, NGC 4600, VCC 2037 and KDG 215 in front of the Virgo, and two galaxies: IC 3023, KDG 177 likely inside the cluster. Distances and radial velocities of the galaxies situated between us and the Virgo core clearly exhibit the infall phenomenon toward the cluster. In the case of spherically symmetric radial infall we estimate the radius of the "zero-velocity surface" to be (7.2+-0.7) Mpc that yields the total mass of the Virgo cluster to be (8.0+-2.3) X 10^{14} M_sun in good agreement with its virial mass estimates. We conclude that the Virgo outskirts does not contain significant amounts of dark matter beyond its virial radius.

astro-ph.GA