Data-driven modeling and decomposition for nanoscale liquid-film dynamics: Application to superspreading nanofluid droplets
Understanding ultrathin liquid-film dynamics is crucial for unraveling complex interfacial phenomena, yet deriving governing equations directly from experimental observations remains challenging. This study proposes a data-driven approach to model droplet dynamics, capturing liquid-film thickness on the nanometer scale in the form of a partial differential equation. As a challenging test case, we examine the superspreading wetting of surfactant-free nanofluids, a phenomenon whose physical mechanism defies standard theoretical explanations. We apply a sparse identification algorithm to spatiotemporal film-thickness profiles resolved at the nanometer scale using phase-shifting imaging ellipsometry. For a pure solvent, the discovered governing equation recovers classical lubrication physics driven by disjoining pressure and evaporation. In contrast, the nanofluid dynamics necessitates an additional, unique transport term scaling with the gradient of the inverse film thickness. Theoretical scaling analysis suggests this term represents a nanoparticle-induced bias flux, consistent with a hypothesized capillary wicking mechanism within the precursor film. The identification of the current nanofluid-specific term underscores the efficacy of integrating high-precision experimental measurements with data-driven modeling to discover hidden physics and generate testable hypotheses in complex wetting dynamics.