arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Elemer E Rosinger.
Polynomial functions $f : \mathbb{N}_+ \longrightarrow \mathbb{N}_+$ are studied for which sums of arbitrary length $f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + >... + f (n)$, with $n \in \mathbb{N}_+$, can be expressed by polynomial functions $g : \mathbb{N}_+ \longrightarrow \mathbb{N}_+$ which involve a bounded number of operations, thus not depending on $n$. Open problems and extensions are presented.
Galilean Relativity and Einstein's Special and General Relativity showed that the Laws of Physics go deeper than their representations in any given reference frame. Thus covariance, or independence of Laws of Physics with respect to changes of reference frames became a fundamental principle. So far, all of that has only been expressed within one single mathematical model, namely, the traditional one built upon the usual continuum of the field $\mathbb{R}$ of real numbers, since complex numbers, finite dimensional Euclidean spaces, or infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, etc., are built upon the real numbers. Here, following [55], we give one example of how one can go beyond that situation and study what stays the same and what changes in the Laws of Physics, when one models them within an infinitely large variety of algebras of scalars constructed rather naturally. Specifically, it is shown that the Special Relativistic addition of velocities can naturally be considered in any of infinitely many reduced power algebras, each of them containing the usual field of real numbers and which, unlike the latter, are non-Archimedean. The nonstandard reals are but one case of such reduced power algebras, and are as well non-Archimedean. Two surprising and strange effects of such a study of the Special Relativistic addition of velocities are that one can easily go beyond the velocity of light, and rather dually, one can as easily end up frozen in immobility, with zero velocity. Both of these situations, together with many other ones, are as naturally available, as the usual one within real numbers.
A particularly easy, even if for long overlooked way is presented for defining globally arbitrary Lie group actions on smooth functions on Euclidean domains. This way is based on the appropriate use of the usual parametric representation of functions. As a further benefit of this way, one can define large classes of genuine Lie semigroup actions. Here "genuine" means that, unlike in the literature, such Lie semigroups need no longer be sub-semigroups of Lie groups, and instead, can contain arbitrary noninvertible smooth functions on Euclidean domains.
For large classes of systems of polynomial nonlinear PDEs necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of solutions which are discontinuous across hyper-surfaces. These PDEs contain the Navier-Stokes equations, as well as those of General Relativity and Magneto-Hydrodynamics.
The essentials of a new method in solving very large classes of nonlinear systems of PDEs, possibly associated with initial and/or boundary value problems, are presented. The PDEs can be defined by continuous, not necessarily smooth expressions, and the solutions obtained cab be assimilated with usual measurable functions, or even with Hausdorff continuous ones. The respective result sets aside completely, and with a large nonlinear margin, the celebrated 1957 impossibility of Hans Lewy regarding the nonexistence of solution in distributions of large classes of linear smooth coefficient PDEs.
A variety of possible extensions of mappings between posets to their Dedekind order completion is presented. One of such extensions has recently been used for solving large classes of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations with possibly associated initial and/or boundary value problems.
A method based on order completion for solving general equations is presented. In particular, this method can be used for solving large classes of nonlinear systems of PDEs, with possibly associated initial and/or boundary value problems.
It is shown that the standard Kolmogorov model for probability spaces cannot in general allow the elimination but of only a small amount of probabilistic redundancy. This issue, a purely theoretical weakness, not necessarily related to empirical reality, appears not to have received enough attention in foundational studies of Probability Theory.
Ideals of continuous functions which satisfy an off diagonality condition proved to be important connected with the solution of large classes of nonlinear PDEs, and more recently, in General Relativity and Quantum Gravity. Maximal ideals within those which satisfy that off diagonality condition are important since they lead to differential algebras of generalized functions which can handle the largest classes of singularities. The problem of finding such maximal ideals satisfying the off diagonality condition is formulated within some background detail, and commented upon.
Recently the space-time foam differential algebras of generalized functions with dense singularities were introduced, motivated by the so called space-time foam structures in General Relativity with dense singularities, and by Quantum Gravity. A variety of applications of these algebras has been presented, among them, a global Cauchy-Kovalevskaia theorem, de Rham cohomology in abstract differential geometry, and so on. So far the space-time foam algebras have only been constructed on Euclidean spaces. In this paper, owing to their relevance in General Relativity among others, the construction of these algebras is extended to arbitrary finite dimensional smooth manifolds. Since these algebras contain the Schwartz distributions, the extension of their construction to manifolds also solves the long outstanding problem of defining distributions on manifolds, and doing so in ways compatible with nonlinear operations. Earlier, similar attempts were made in the literature with respect to the extension of the Colombeau algebras to manifolds, algebras which also contain the distributions. These attempts have encountered significant technical difficulties, owing to the growth condition type limitations the elements of Colombeau algebras have to satisfy near singularities. Since in this paper no any type of such or other growth conditions are required in the construction of space-time foam algebras, their extension to manifolds proceeds in a surprisingly easy and natural way. It is also shown that the space-time foam algebras form a fine and flabby sheaf, properties which are important in securing a considerably large class of singularities which generalized functions can handle.
Any Lie group G acting on a Euclidean nonvoid open subset M can be seen as a subgroup of the smooth diffeomorphisms Diff^\infty(M,M) of M into itself. Thus actions by such Lie groups G correspond to smooth coordinate transforms on M which, in particular, have smooth inverses. In Rosinger [1, chap. 13], the study of Lie semigroups G in the vastly larger semigroup C^\infty(M,M) of smooth maps of M into itself was initiated. Such semigroups were named "genuine Lie semigroups", or in short, GLS, since they are no longer contained in Diff^\infty(M,M), thus they correspond to smooth coordinate transforms which need not have smooth inverses. Genuine Lie semigroups, or GLS, have a major interest since they still can transform solutions of linear or nonlinear PDEs into other solutions of the respective equations, thus leading to the vastly larger class of "semi-symmetries" of such equations. Certain Lie semigroups have earlier been studied in the literature, Hilgert, et.al. However, such semigroups have always been contained in suitable Lie groups, thus they have been contained in Diff^\infty(M,M) as sub-semigroups. In particular, the coordinate transforms defined by them were always invertible, unlike in the case of "genuine Lie semigroups", or GLS, studied here.
It is argued that Goedel's incompleteness theorem should be seen as self-evident, rather than unexpected or surprising.
Nonrigid mathematical structures may no longer form usual Eilenberg - Mac Lane categories, but more general ones, as illustrated by pseudo-topologies. A rather general concept of pseudo-topology was used in constructing differential algebras of generalized functions containing the Schwartz distributions, [4-6,8-11]. These algebras proved to be convenient in solving large classes of nonlinear partial differential equations, see [12,13] and the literature cited there, as well as section 46F30 in the Subject Classification 2000 of the American Mathematical Society, at www.ams.org/index/msc/46Fxx.html The totality of such pseudo-topologies no longer constitutes a usual Eilenberg - Mac Lane category, but an extended one which is presented here. Other nonrigid mathematical structures are mentioned and treated briefly. This is a revised and augmented version of the earlier published paper [7].
Two additional reasons are suggested for the seeming lack of progress in producing quantum algorithms.
The role of impossibilities in theories of Physics is mentioned and a recent result is recalled in which Quantum Mechanics is characterized by three information-theoretic impossibilities. The inconvenience of the asymmetries established by such impossibilities is pointed out.
Two questions are suggested as having priority when trying to bring together Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. Both questions have a scope which goes well beyond Physics, and in particular Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity.
A transition of focus from state space to frames of reference and their transformations is argued as being the appropriate setup for ensuring the covariance of physical laws. Such an approach can not only simplify and clarify aspects of General Relativity, but can possibly help in the development of a Grand Unified Theory as well.
The lack of the Max Born interpretation of the wave function as a probability density describing the localization of a quantum system in configuration space is pointed out related to the recent category based model of quantum mechanics suggested in Abramski & Coecke [1,2] and Coecke.