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Elena Cáceres

Publications and source records attributed to Elena Cáceres.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

On thermal holographic RG flows

Holographic Renormalization Group (RG) flows, described by Einstein gravity coupled to matter fields, have been thoroughly explored in the context of vacuum states. In this work, we shift the focus to \emph{thermal} states. We develop the Hamilton-Jacobi functional up to \emph{second order} in the boundary derivative expansion. Using this formalism, we derive the Ward identity associated with broken dilatation symmetry for thermal correlators. Furthermore, we also obtain the modified Callan-Symanzik equation for the dual thermal CFT. We then employ the Hamiltonian constraint approach to analyze the black hole interior and comment on the near-singularity behavior from this perspective.

hep-th↗

Holographic entanglement entropy with conformal boundary conditions

We study holographic entanglement entropy in 3-dimensional AdS gravity with conformal boundary conditions which fix the conformal class of the boundary metric and its extrinsic curvature, $K$, while leaving the Weyl mode dynamical. Extending Lewkowycz-Maldacena-Dong's replica construction, we derive the corresponding holographic entanglement entropy formula. We show that the fluctuating Weyl mode does not contribute additional entropy. The entropy of the full boundary is therefore the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and the entropy of a boundary subregion continues to obey the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription, namely, the area of a minimal surface divided by $4G_N$. We carry out explicit calculations for global AdS, rotating and non-rotating BTZ geometries. For an interval in AdS$_3$ we find that the $K$-dependent holographic entanglement entropy is governed by $c_m=\frac{3 \ell}{2 G_N}.$ For a thermal state at high conformal temperatures we find that, the entropy is governed by $c_{\rm eff}=\frac{3 \ell}{2 G_N} \frac{K \ell- \sqrt{K^2 \ell^2-4}}{2}$, the same effective central charge that governs the Cardy-like density of states, in agreement with previous results in the literature. Finally, we also compute the entanglement entropy directly from the conjectured dual boundary theory - a holographic CFT coupled with time-like Liouville theory and deformed by a marginal $T \bar{T}$ like operator - and find $S_{EE} =\frac{c_{\rm eff}}{3} \ln\!\left(\frac{2 R \sinϕ_0}ε\right) .$ This result for the state with no operator insertions (vacuum state ), provides an independent boundary realization of $c_{\mathrm{eff}}$ while clarifying that this state is not the state dual to global AdS.

hep-th↗

Generic ETH: Eigenstate Thermalization beyond the Microcanonical

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has played a key role in recent advances in the high energy and condensed matter communities. It explains how an isolated quantum system in a far-from-equilibrium initial state can evolve to a state that is indistinguishable from thermal equilibrium, with observables relaxing to almost time-independent results that can be described using traditional statistical mechanics ensembles. In this work we probe the limits of ETH, pushing it outside its prototypical applications in several directions. We design a qutrit lattice system with conserved quasilocal charge, in which we verify a form of generalized eigenstate thermalization. We also observe signatures of thermalization in states well outside microcanonical windows of both charge and energy, which we dub `generic ETH.'

quant-ph↗

Higher-dimensional BKL dynamics in AdS black holes

Chaotic BKL dynamics provides a canonical description of the approach to spacelike singularities as a sequence of Kasner epochs grouped into eras. While this paradigm is well established for cosmological singularities, explicit realizations inside black holes have been scarce, despite renewed interest from holography. Here, we construct a broad class of asymptotically AdS black holes in $D\ge 4$ whose interiors exhibit bona fide BKL dynamics as the singularity is approached. In the near-singularity regime, the evolution reduces to billiard-like motion in a compact domain that forms a regular $(D-2)$-simplex. We derive closed-form bouncing rules for the Kasner exponents in arbitrary dimension and prove the ensuing chaotic dynamics. A key novelty for $D\ge 5$ is a richer internal organization of eras: inequivalent transitions between epochs lead to distinct Kasner seasons, yielding new patterns of epoch/era structure for both electric and gravitational walls. Finally, we investigate a holographic diagnostic, the thermal $a$-function, whose monotonic flow captures individual epochs and eras and can display near-walking behavior in suitable Kasner regimes.

hep-th↗

Lorentzian threads and nonlocal computation in holography

Recent advances in holography and quantum gravity have shown that CFTs with classical gravity duals can implement nonlocal quantum computation protocols that appear local from the bulk perspective. We examine the extent to which current prescriptions for holographic complexity support this claim, focusing on the Complexity=Volume (CV) proposal. The reformulation of CV in terms of Lorentzian threads suggests that bulk computations are performed with local gates. However, we find that the original formalism is insufficient when it comes to analyzing the complexity of subsystems and their inequalities. Specifically, standard Lorentzian threads cannot account for the negativity of `mutual complexity' and its higher-partite generalizations. To address this deficiency, we modify the Lorentzian threads program by introducing multiple flavors of threads. Our analysis reveals that an optimal solution for this new program implies the existence of additional types of gates that enable nonlocal computations in the dual CFT. We give a tentative interpretation of the multiflavor program in terms of Lorentzian `hyperthreads,' in analogy with the Riemannian case.

hep-th↗

The landscape of complexity measures in 2D gravity

We investigate the broad landscape of holographic complexity measures for theories dual to two-dimensional (2D) dilaton gravity. Previous studies have largely focused on the complexity=volume and complexity=action proposals for holographic complexity. Here we systematically construct and analyze a wide class of generalized complexity functionals, focusing on codimension-one bulk observables. Two complementary approaches are presented: one inspired by dimensional reduction of codimension-one observables from higher-dimensional gravity, and another that adopts a purely 2D perspective. We verify the resulting observables exhibit hallmark features of complexity, such as linear growth at late times and the switchback effect. We further offer heuristic interpretations of the role of multiple extremal surfaces when they appear. Finally, we comment on the bulk-to-boundary dictionary via the covariant Peierls bracket in 2D gravity. Our work lays the groundwork for a richer understanding of quantum complexity in low-dimensional holographic dualities.

hep-th↗

Blackish Holes with Stringy Backreaction

Recent studies have demonstrated that an $\textit{ad hoc}$ Dirichlet boundary condition, placed outside but close to an event horizon, for probe degrees of freedom in an otherwise black hole geometry is capable of capturing non-trivial level-correlations of the corresponding spectrum of the probe sector. Much of the interesting physics stems from a hierarchy of scales that is present in the quantum spectrum, in terms of two quantum numbers that characterize it. In this work, we establish an explicit connection with the hierarchy of these scales with a $\textit{radial localization}$ or the absence of it of the probe scalar WKB-wavefunction. Subsequently, this scale separation can be traced back to the hierarchy between the local red-shift and the classical light-traversing time in a geometry that produces a Rindler-throat. The classical null ray takes a logarithmically divergent time to reach the Dirichlet wall, and interestingly, we explicitly demonstrate that the scalar quantum spectrum arising from the Rindler throat yields a Dip-time of the corresponding spectral form factor, which scales with a universal power of the light traversing time. Armed with these, we further consider a $\textit{dressed effective model}$ where the Dirichlet boundary condition is inserted in a ten-dimensional supergravity geometry, where classical string sources back-react. We demonstrate that, as a result of this backreaction, the quantum-dynamical time-scales, $\textit{e.g.}$ the Dip time of the corresponding spectral form factor can be further enhanced with factors of the string length, thereby making the Dirichlet wall configuration better mimic the true black hole. In the dual field theory, the geometry corresponds to thermal states of a large $N$ gauge theory in the Veneziano limit, where both the number of colour and the flavour degrees of freedom are large.

hep-th↗

Gravito-electromagnetism, Kerr-Schild and Weyl double copies; a unified perspective

Two modern programs involving analogies between general relativity and electromagnetism, gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) and the classical double copy (CDC), induce electromagnetic potentials from specific classes of spacetime metrics. We demonstrate such electromagnetic potentials are typically gauge equivalent to Killing vectors present in the spacetime, long known themselves to be analogous to electromagnetic potentials. We utilize this perspective to relate the Type D Weyl double copy to the Kerr-Schild double copy without appealing to specific coordinates. We analyze the typical assumptions taken within Kerr-Schild double copies, emphasizing the role Killing vectors play in the construction. The basis of the GEM program utilizes comparisons of tidal tensors between GR and EM; we perform a more detailed analysis of conditions necessary for equivalent tidal tensors between the theories, and note they require the same source prescription as the classical double copy. We discuss how these Killing vector potentials relate to the Weyl double copy, in particular there must a relation between the field strength formed from the Killing vector and the Weyl tensor. We consider spacetimes admitting a Killing-Yano tensor which provide a particularly insightful example of this correspondence. This includes a broad class of spacetimes, and provides an explanation for observations regarding the splitting of the Weyl tensor noted when including sources.

hep-th↗

Kasner eons with matter: holographic excursions to the black hole singularity

Recent work has shown that introducing higher-curvature terms to the Einstein-Hilbert action causes the approach to a space-like singularity to unfold as a sequence of Kasner eons. Each eon is dominated by emergent physics at an energy scale controlled by higher-curvature terms of a given order, transitioning to higher-order eons as the singularity is approached. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we demonstrate that the inclusion of matter dramatically modifies the physics of eons compared to the vacuum case. We illustrate this by considering a family of quasi-topological gravities of arbitrary order minimally coupled to a scalar field. Second, we investigate Kasner eons in the interior of black holes with field theory duals and analyze their imprints on holographic observables. We show that the behavior of the thermal $a$-function, two-point functions of heavy operators, and holographic complexity can capture distinct signatures of the eons, making them promising tools for diagnosing stringy effects near black hole singularities.

hep-th↗

Shock waves, black hole interiors and holographic RG flows

We study holographic renormalization group (RG) flows perturbed by a shock wave in dimensions $d\geq 2$. The flows are obtained by deforming a holographic conformal field theory with a relevant operator, altering the interior geometry from AdS-Schwarzschild to a more general Kasner universe near the spacelike singularity. We introduce null matter in the form of a shock wave into this geometry and scrutinize its impact on the near-horizon and interior dynamics of the black hole. Using out-of-time-order correlators, we find that the scrambling time increases as we increase the strength of the deformation, whereas the butterfly velocity displays a non-monotonic behavior. We examine other observables that are more sensitive to the black hole interior, such as the thermal $a$-function and the entanglement velocity. Notably, the $a$-function experiences a discontinuous jump across the shock wave, signaling an instantaneous loss of degrees of freedom due to the infalling matter. This jump is interpreted as a `cosmological time skip' which arises from an infinitely boosted length contraction. The entanglement velocity exhibits similar dependence to the butterfly velocity as we vary the strength of the deformation. Lastly, we extend our analyses to a model where the interior geometry undergoes an infinite sequence of bouncing Kasner epochs.

hep-th↗

Holographic $a$-functions and Boomerang RG Flows

We use the radial null energy condition to construct a monotonic $a$-function for a certain type of non-relativistic holographic RG flows. We test our $a$-function in three different geometries that feature a Boomerang RG flow, characterized by a domain wall between two AdS spaces with the same AdS radius, but with different (and sometimes directions dependent) speeds of light. We find that the $a$-function monotonically decreases and goes to a constant in the asymptotic regimes of the geometry. Using the holographic dictionary in this asymptotic AdS spaces, we find that the $a$-function not only reads the fixed point central charge but also the speed of light, suggesting what the correct RG charge might be for non-relativistic RG flows.

hep-th↗

Out-of-time-order correlators and Lyapunov exponents in sparse SYK

We use a combination of analytical and numerical methods to study out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) in the sparse Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. We find that at a given order of N , the standard result for the q-local, all-to-all SYK, obtained through the sum over ladder diagrams, is corrected by a series in the sparsity parameter, k. We present an algorithm to sum the diagrams at any given order of 1/(kq)n. We also study OTOCs numerically as a function of the sparsity parameter and determine the Lyapunov exponent. We find that numerical stability when extracting the Lyapunov exponent requires averaging over a massive number of realizations. This trade-off between the efficiency of the sparse model and consistent behavior at finite N becomes more significant for larger values of N .

hep-th↗

Spectral Form Factor in Sparse SYK Models

We investigate the spectral form factor of the sparse Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. We use numerical methods to establish that at intermediate times the connected part of the spectral form factor is the dominant one. These connected contributions arise from fluctuations around the disconnected geometry, not from a new saddle point. A similar effect was previously conjectured in SYK but required a value of $N$ out of reach of current numerical simulations.

hep-th↗

Entanglement entropy in cubic gravitational theories

We derive the holographic entanglement entropy functional for a generic gravitational theory whose action contains terms up to cubic order in the Riemann tensor, and in any dimension. This is the simplest case for which the so-called splitting problem manifests itself, and we explicitly show that the two common splittings present in the literature - minimal and non-minimal - produce different functionals. We apply our results to the particular examples of a boundary disk and a boundary strip in a state dual to 4-dimensional Poincaré AdS in Einsteinian Cubic Gravity, obtaining the bulk entanglement surface for both functionals and finding that causal wedge inclusion is respected for both splittings and a wide range of values of the cubic coupling.

hep-th↗

Bit threads, Einstein's equations and bulk locality

In the context of holography, entanglement entropy can be studied either by i) extremal surfaces or ii) bit threads, i.e., divergenceless vector fields with a norm bound set by the Planck length. In this paper we develop a new method for metric reconstruction based on the latter approach and show the advantages over existing ones. We start by studying general linear perturbations around the vacuum state. Generic thread configurations turn out to encode the information about the metric in a highly nonlocal way, however, we show that for boundary regions with a local modular Hamiltonian there is always a canonical choice for the perturbed thread configurations that exploits bulk locality. To do so, we express the bit thread formalism in terms of differential forms so that it becomes manifestly background independent. We show that the Iyer-Wald formalism provides a natural candidate for a canonical local perturbation, which can be used to recast the problem of metric reconstruction in terms of the inversion of a particular linear differential operator. We examine in detail the inversion problem for the case of spherical regions and give explicit expressions for the inverse operator in this case. Going beyond linear order, we argue that the operator that must be inverted naturally increases in order. However, the inversion can be done recursively at different orders in the perturbation. Finally, we comment on an alternative way of reconstructing the metric non-perturbatively by phrasing the inversion problem as a particular optimization problem.

hep-th↗

Holographic Purification Complexity

We study holographic subregion complexity, and its possible connection to purification complexity suggested recently by Agón et al. In particular, we study the conjecture that subregion complexity is the purification complexity by considering holographic purifications of a holographic mixed state. We argue that these include states with any amount of coarse-graining consistent with being a purification of the mixed state in question, corresponding holographically to different choices of the cutoff surface. We find that within the complexity = volume and complexity = spacetime volume conjectures, the subregion complexity is equal to the holographic purification complexity. For complexity = action, the subregion complexity seems to provide an upper bound on the holographic purification complexity, though we show cases where this bound is not saturated. One such example is provided by black holes with a large genus behind the horizon, which were studied by Fu et al. As such, one must conclude that these offending geometries are not holographic, that CA must be modified, or else that holographic subregion complexity in CA is not dual to the purification complexity of the corresponding reduced state.

hep-th↗