arXiv subjects

Elena Caviglia

Publications and source records attributed to Elena Caviglia.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

From subtractive ideals of semirings to deductive and inductive sets in general algebras

Kernels of semiring homomorphisms are precisely the subtractive ideals. We extend this decomposition of normality to general algebras by introducing inductive and deductive sets, which turn out to correspond to the two directions of the biconditional in Mal'tsev's criterion for a congruence class. In semirings, inductivity recovers idealhood for subsets containing zero, and deductivity of an ideal recovers subtractivity. Their generation processes, described by polynomials or equivalently by reflexive compatible relations (semicongruences), give two ranks measuring the numbers of steps required uniformly in a variety. We show that apart from the trivial cases, any pair of positive integers or infinity is the inductive-deductive rank pair of some variety. For the variety of semirings, the rank pair is $(1,\infty)$, while for any non-trivial Mal'tsev variety, it is $(1,1)$. For varieties of finite-group actions, inductive rank is expressed exactly in terms of directed Cayley-graph diameters, while deductive rank is related to undirected diameters after symmetrization. We compute both ranks of these action varieties for every finite abelian group in terms of its invariant factors, and obtain their complete spectrum. We also establish special spectrum theorems for subtractive varieties and several classes of ordered algebras. Finally, we characterise structural properties of algebras and varieties by conditions on induction and deduction.

math.RA↗

arXiv2026

A two-categorical Snake Lemma

We prove a Snake Lemma for 2-categories. Working in a 2-category with a strong bizero object, we develop 2-kernels and 2-cokernels, 2-monomorphisms and 2-epimorphisms as fully faithful and cofully faithful 1-cells, short 2-exact sequences and normal image factorisations, and we prove a two-dimensional Normal Short Five Lemma. We then introduce the dinversion of an antinormal pair and the notion of a homologically self-dual 2-category, characterised equally by the self-duality of homology, by a Pure Snake Lemma and by a Third Isomorphism Property. Two-dimensional di-exactness implies homological self-duality. Our main result is the Snake Lemma in a 2-di-exact 2-category: a ladder of 2-exact rows with normal verticals induces a 2-exact six-term sequence, with a connecting 1-cell that is 2-natural in the ladder. Di-exactness can be traded for two hypotheses that are not self-dual: that dinversion preserve normality, and that normal 2-epimorphisms compose. Everything specialises, on passing to a locally discrete 2-category, to its classical counterpart. We close by exhibiting three models: a 2-di-exact 2-category of abelian categories containing $\mathsf{Coh}(X)$ for every noetherian scheme $X$; the locally ordered 2-category of complete modular lattices, in which 2-di-exactness amounts to Dedekind's transposition principle; and the 2-category of Hilbert lattices, which is not 2-di-exact but satisfies the non-self-dual hypotheses, by a theorem of Mackey on pairs of closed subspaces.

math.CT↗

arXiv2026

Exactness of the 2-categories of abelian and triangulated categories

We introduce a notion of $2$-homological category modelled on pointed homological categories in the sense of Grandis, using bizero objects whose null $1$-cells are zero objects in the hom-categories for formulating $2$-dimensional pointedness. We first prove directly that the $2$-category of di-exact homological categories, which generalize Puppe exact categories, functors preserving all kernels and cokernels, and arbitrary natural transformations is $2$-homological. Its normal subcategories are saturated thick subcategories, and its exact quotients are constructed by a complete three-arrow fraction calculus similar to the one known for Puppe exact categories. We then adapt this proof to prove that the $2$-category of triangulated categories is also $2$-homological; here, instead of the ternary fractions we use the well-known Verdier fractions. Abstracting the common quotient structure of these proofs yields a general criterion, using which we further establish that the $2$-categories of pointed, additive and abelian categories are also $2$-homological. The criterion also applies to categories enriched in semimodules over a fixed commutative rig, with a zero object, and to their full sub-$2$-category with finite biproducts. Their quotients are linear congruence quotients. Combining enrichment with Puppe exactness gives further examples whose quotients are exact linear localizations, including linear abelian categories as the finite-biproduct case. In the abelian and triangulated cases the normal subcategories and quotients are, respectively, Serre subcategories and Serre quotients, and thick triangulated subcategories and Verdier localizations.

math.CT↗

arXiv2026

Clifford semigroups and the monoidal Grothendieck construction

We show that the monoidal Grothendieck construction can be applied to recover the known structure theorem for Clifford monoids, which states that they correspond to functors from a semilattice into the category of groups. Furthermore, we capture the category of Clifford monoids itself as a Grothendieck construction of the functor sending a semilattice L to the functor category [L, Grp] and use this to construct a number of factorisation systems on this category. Finally, we prove a general result on taking monoids in a monoidal fibration and apply it to establish a correspondence between inverse semirings and lax monoidal functors from an idempotent semiring into the category of abelian groups.

math.CT↗

arXiv2026

A Mayer-Vietoris calculus for regular denominators

Let $A$ be a commutative ring and let $I$ be an ideal. An element $a\in A$ is a regular denominator for $I$ when multiplication by $a$ on $A/I$ is injective; we denote the set of all such elements by $S_I$. We study how the common regular denominators for two ideals $I$ and $J$ are related to $I\cap J$ and $I+J$. This yields a particularly simple description when $I$ and $J$ are comaximal. Over Noetherian rings, the same viewpoint classifies denominator-equivalence classes by finite nonempty antichains of prime ideals, gives bounds for the associated primes of an intersection and leads to a local length identity. Furthermore, we show that flat base change preserves regular denominators, faithful flatness reflects them, and finite locally free quotients have fiberwise regular loci defined by determinants satisfying a multiplicative Mayer-Vietoris formula. Our results provide alternatives to primary-decomposition computations in many concrete situations.

math.AC↗

arXiv2026

Generalized action monads and descent

We develop a monadic approach to actions of internal categories. Given an internal category, we construct a monad on a slice whose algebras are the actions of that internal category. Then, we give a complete characterization of the monads that arise in this way; we call them generalized action monads. Finally, we prove that these monads yield a well-behaved notion of generalized descent.

math.CT↗

arXiv2026

Comonadic approach to pretorsion theories

We present a comonadic approach to pretorsion theories on semiexact categories, i.e. categories equipped with a closed ideal of null morphisms that admits all kernels and all cokernels. We first prove that bihereditary pretorsion theories are comonadic in a 2-dimensional sense over the 2-category of semiexact categories with naturally chosen 1-cells. We then extend the built pseudo-comonad to guarantee that all pretorsion theories are pseudo-coalgebras. But interestingly, not all pseudo-coalgebras are pretorsion theories. Rather, pseudo-coalgebras give a generalized notion of pretorsion theory.

math.CT↗

arXiv2025

Unicoherence in Locales

In this paper, we generalize the concept of unicoherence to the context of frames. Unicoherence, originally introduced by Kuratowski, is a connectedness property that is well studied in classical topology and used to detect holes of a space. We extend the notion of unicoherence to locales and we then investigate its properties. In particular, we prove that many of the known characterizations of unicoherence for topological spaces extend to the setting of locales. Some of these characterizations interestingly involve separation properties for locales.

math.GN↗

arXiv2025

Fibrational approach to Grandis exactness for 2-categories

In an abelian category, the (bi)fibration of subobjects is isomorphic to the (bi)fibration of quotients. This property captures substantial information about the exactness structure of a category. Indeed, as it was shown by the second author and T.~Weighill, categories equipped with a proper factorization system such that the opfibration of subobjects relative to the factorization system is isomorphic to the fibration of relative quotients are precisely the Grandis exact categories. In this paper we characterize those (1,1)-proper factorization systems on a 2-category in the sense of M.~Dupont and E.~Vitale, for which the weak 2-opfibration of relative 2-subobjects is biequivalent to the weak 2-fibration of relative 2-quotients. This results in a new notion of 2-dimensional exactness, which we then compare with similar notions in the context of categories enriched in pointed groupoids arising in the work of M.~Dupont and H.~Nakaoka.

math.CT↗

arXiv2025

Double Orthogonal Factorization Systems

We define strict and lax orthogonal factorization systems on double categories. These consist of an orthogonal factorization system on arrows and one on double cells that are compatible with each other. Our definitions are motivated by several explicit examples, including factorization systems on double categories of spans, relations and bimodules. We then prove monadicity results for orthogonal factorization systems on double categories in order to justify our definitions. For fibrant double categories we discuss the structure of the double orthogonal factorization systems that have a given orthogonal factorization system on the arrows in common. Finally, we study the interaction of orthogonal factorization systems on double categories with double fibrations.

math.CT↗

arXiv2025

Primitive quantales

We generalize Jacobson's notion of primitive ring to the setting of quantales. We show that every primitive ring gives rise to a primitive quantale of ideals. We then prove a density theorem for strongly primitive quantales. Furthermore, we show that primitive quantales are prime and commutative strongly primitive quantales are field quantales.

math.RA↗

arXiv2025

Rectangular torsion theories

In this paper we introduce and study \emph{rectangular torsion theories}, i.e.\ those torsion theories $(\C,\T,\F)$ with $\C$ a pointed category, where the canonical functor $\C\to \T\times\F$ is an equivalence of categories. In particular, we show that these are precisely the internal rectangular bands in the 2-category of pointed categories.

math.CT↗

arXiv2025

$μ$-elements: An extension of essential elements

We introduce and study $μ$-elements, that generalize a lattice-theoretic abstraction (namely, essential elements) of essential ideals of rings, essential submodules of modules, and dense subsets of topological spaces. Exploring several examples, we show that $μ$-elements are indeed a genuine extension of essential elements. We study preservation of $μ$-elements under contractions and extensions of quantale homomorphisms. We introduce $μ$-complements and $μ$-closedness and study their properties. We determine $μ$-elements for several distinguished quantales, including ideals of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and open subsets of topological spaces. Finally, we provide a complete characterization of $μ$-elements in modular quantales.

math.RA↗

arXiv2025

On extensions of Cohen Structure Theorem

The aim of this paper is to extend Cohen structure theorem beyond local rings. Both Cohen structure theorem and Nagata's generalization of it are special cases of our results. We investigate for which rings $R$ there exists a maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ of $R$ such that the canonical projection $R\to R/\mathfrak{m}$ has a section, so that $R/\mathfrak{m}$ is isomorphic to a field $κ$ contained in $R$. We present two equivalent characterizations of this property and use them to exhibit two classes of rings that satisfy it. Moreover, we provide several examples (not necessarily local or complete local), as well as methods to construct new examples.

math.AC↗

arXiv2024

Indexed Grothendieck construction

We produce an indexed version of the Grothendieck construction. This gives an equivalence of categories between opfibrations over a fixed base in the 2-category of 2-copresheaves and 2-copresheaves on the Grothendieck construction of the fixed base. We also prove that this equivalence is pseudonatural in the base and that it restricts to discrete opfibrations with small fibres and copresheaves. Our result is a 2-dimensional generalization of the equivalence between slices of copresheaves and copresheaves on slices. We can think of the indexed Grothendieck construction as a simultaneous Grothendieck construction on every index that takes into account all bonds between different indexes.

math.CT↗

arXiv2024

Principal 2-bundles and quotient 2-stacks

We generalize principal bundles and quotient stacks to the two-categorical context of bisites. We introduce a notion of principal 2-bundle that makes sense for a 2-category with finite flexible limits, endowed with a bitopology. We then use principal 2-bundles to explicitly construct quotient-pre-2-stacks, which are the analogues of quotient stacks one dimension higher. In order to perform this construction, we prove that principal 2-bundles are closed under iso-comma objects and we restrict ourselves to (2,1)-categories. Finally, we prove that, if the bisite is subcanonical and the underlying (2,1)-category satisfies some mild conditions, quotient pre-2-stacks are 2-stacks.

math.CT↗

arXiv2024

2-stacks over bisites

We generalize the concept of stack one dimension higher, introducing a notion of 2-stack suitable for a trihomomorphism from a 2-category equipped with a bitopology into the tricategory of bicategories. Moreover, we give a characterization of 2-stacks in terms of explicit conditions, that are easier to use in practice. These explicit conditions are effectiveness conditions for appropriate data of descent on objects, morphisms and 2-cells, generalizing the usual stacky gluing conditions one dimension higher. Furthermore, we prove some new results on bitopologies. The main one is that every object of a subcanonical bisite can be seen as the sigma-bicolimit of each covering bisieve over it. This generalizes one dimension higher a well-know result for subcanonical Grothendieck sites.

math.CT↗

arXiv2023

Generalized principal bundles and quotient stacks

We consider the internalization of the usual notion of principal bundle in a site that has all pullbacks and a terminal object. We use this notion to consider the explicit construction of quotient prestacks via presheaves of categories of principal bundles equipped with equivariant morphisms in this abstract context. We then prove that, if the site is subcanonical and the underlying category satisfies some mild conditions, these quotient prestacks satisfy descent in the sense of stacks.

math.CT↗