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Elena R. Margine

Publications and source records attributed to Elena R. Margine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Superconductivity and Band Topology in Functionalized 2D Hexagonal MBenes

Recently, two-dimensional transition-metal borides (MBenes) have attracted substantial interest due to their promising properties for electrocatalytic applications. Here, we explore their potential as novel two-dimensional superconductors and topological materials through first-principles calculations on both pristine and surface-functionalized hexagonal MBenes. We conduct a thorough examination of the structural, electronic, phononic, superconducting, and topological properties of 36 compounds with formulas M$_{2}$B$_{2}$ and M$_{2}$B$_{2}$T$_{2}$ (M = Sc, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Mo, W; T = F, O, OH). Our analysis identifies 21 superconducting MBenes, including four with critical temperatures (T$_{c}$) exceeding 10 K, with Ti$_{2}$B$_{2}$O$_{2}$ exhibiting the highest predicted T$_{c}$ of 24 K based on the McMillan formalism. For the two most promising compounds, Ti$_{2}$B$_{2}$O$_{2}$ and V$_{2}$B$_{2}$(OH)$_{2}$, we further solve the anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equations, obtaining zero-temperature superconducting gaps of 6.1 and 3.6 meV and anisotropic T$_{c}$ values of approximately 32 and 25 K, respectively. Symmetry-indicator-based analysis further reveals nontrivial normal-state band topology in several superconducting MBenes. These results indicate the coexistence of phonon-mediated superconductivity and nontrivial normal-state band topology within this material family, making MBenes promising platforms for future investigations of the possible emergence of topological superconductivity.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Anharmonicity and Nonadiabaticity in Hydride Superconductors

We study superconductivity in representative hydrides using anharmonic phonons, electron-phonon vertex corrections, and full-bandwidth Eliashberg theory. The high-pressure binary hydrides H3S, YH6, and YH9 must be treated with both anharmonic and nonadiabatic corrections, whereas the ambient-pressure PdH/PdD/PdT series is strongly anharmonic but remains adiabatic, reproducing the inverse isotope effect without sizable vertex contributions. LaBeH8 exhibits weak anharmonicity, while vertex corrections reduce the critical temperature (Tc) by approximately 4 K, leaving the predicted Tc above experiment. To identify when treatments beyond harmonic, adiabatic Migdal-Eliashberg theory are required, we introduce the anharmonic renormalization $A_λ$ and the vertex ratio $R_{V}$ as material-specific diagnostics.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Quasiparticle GW for Superconductors: Toward a Unified Treatment of Electron-Phonon and Electron-Plasmon Couplings

Superconducting two-dimensional materials, and in particular few-layer graphene, offer an exciting platform for low-power electronics, yet the origin of their unconventional superconductivity remains an open question. Prevailing theories, primarily rooted in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) framework that assumes electron-phonon interactions are the main mechanism of superconductivity, struggle to account quantitatively for the observed phenomena. Recent studies point to a plasmonic pairing mechanism in graphene systems; however, disentangling the relative contributions of phonon- and plasmon-mediated pairing remains challenging due to the lack of a satisfactory first-principles framework capable of accurately capturing dynamical screening effects in the electronic channel. Here, we present a new theoretical framework that extends the quasiparticle self-consistent GW method to the superconducting phase by coupling it with the Eliashberg treatment of both phonon- and plasmon-mediated interactions. Our approach, termed superconducting quasiparticle GW (s-qpGW), is on par with the state-of-the-art Eliashberg theory of superconductivity when applied to bulk metals, and correctly predicts the absence of superconductivity in doped monolayer graphene. To differentiate s-qpGW from conventional Eliashberg approaches, we study a simple model system, graphene with an artificially enhanced density of states, and demonstrate that s-qpGW captures dynamical Coulomb screening effects in ways that standard BCS theory cannot.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Electron-phonon physics at the exascale: A hybrid MPI-GPU-OpenMP framework for scalable Wannier interpolation

We demonstrate a highly efficient GPU implementation of the Wannier interpolation of electron-phonon matrix elements in the EPW code. Building on a systematic analysis of the computational complexity of the algorithm for electron-phonon interpolation, we designed a GPU porting strategy that integrates naturally into the current EPW implementation, and is seamlessly portable to NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel GPUs. We demonstrate this development via extensive benchmarks on conventional semiconductors such as silicon and monolayer MoS$_2$, as well as a large-scale application to topological stanene nanoribbons of width as large as 20nm, which was intractable with previous implementations. Compared to the single MPI parallelization scheme of EPW v5.9, the resulting hybrid MPI-GPU-OpenMP scheme achieves up to 29-fold speedup on leadership-class supercomputers equipped with NVIDIA and Intel accelerators, namely Vista at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, Perlmutter at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, and Aurora at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. This framework also achieves nearly ideal scalability up to thousands of GPU nodes on the Aurora supercomputer. With this development, EPW is ready to support electron-phonon physics calculations on exascale platforms.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

High-Tc Superconductivity in Functionalized Out-of-Plane Ordered Double Transition Metal MXenes

Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors attracted growing interest in condensed-matter physics research. In this work, we explore the superconducting properties of surface-functionalized, out-of-plane ordered double transition-metal MXenes (o-MXenes), which exhibit distinctive structural and electronic characteristics. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the effects of electronic structure, electron-phonon coupling (EPC), anharmonicity, and anisotropy effect in superconductivity properties of o-MXenes. We examine a wide range of o-MXene systems, M$_{2}$M$^\prime$X$_{2}$T$_{2}$ (M = Mo, W; M$^\prime$ = Sc, Ti, V, Mo, Zr, Nb, Ta; X = C, N), functionalized with F, O, Cl, and H groups. Out of 128 candidates, 32 compounds are found to be mechanically, dynamically, and thermodynamically stable, exhibiting superconducting transition temperatures (T$_{c}$) from 0.1 K to 52 K. Notably, the Mo$_{2}$ScN$_{2}$O$_{2}$ compound achieves the highest T$_{c}$ of 52 K, with a superconducting gap of $\sim$10 meV. Solving the anisotropic Eliashberg equation reveals that Mo$_{2}$ScN$_{2}$O$_{2}$ is an anisotropic two-gap superconductor, and incorporating anharmonic effects decreases its T$_{c}$ slightly. We further analyze flat-band-induced EPC enhancement and present EPC matrix elements as functions of phonon wavevector q for distinct vibrational modes that show anharmonic behavior of these materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

EPW-VASP interface for first-principles calculations of electron-phonon interactions

We present an interface between the Vienna \textit{Ab initio} Simulation Package (VASP) and the EPW software for calculating materials properties governed by electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions. Computation of the e-ph matrix elements with the finite-difference supercell approach in VASP and their fine-grid interpolation in EPW enable accurate modeling of temperature-dependent materials properties and phonon-assisted quantum processes with VASP's extensive library of exchange-correlation functionals and pseudopotentials. We demonstrate the functionality of the EPW-VASP interface by examining the superconducting gap and critical temperature in MgB$_2$ using the anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equations, and the carrier mobility in cubic BN using the \textit{ab initio} Boltzmann transport equation.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Nonadiabatic and anharmonic effects in high-pressure H3S and D3S superconductors

Superconductivity in compressed H3S arises from the interplay between high-frequency phonons and a pronounced van Hove singularity near the Fermi level. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the superconducting properties of H3S and D3S at 160 and 200 GPa, explicitly incorporating anharmonic lattice dynamics and first-order vertex corrections to electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions, thereby going beyond the Migdal approximation underlying conventional Migdal-Eliashberg theory. We find that both anharmonicity and nonadiabatic vertex corrections suppress the effective e-ph coupling and reduce the superconducting critical temperature (Tc). Calculations performed within the energy-dependent full-bandwidth Eliashberg formalism, including both anharmonic and vertex effects, yield Tc values in close agreement with experimental measurements for D3S at both pressures and for H3S at 200 GPa.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Comparative study of phonon-limited carrier transport in the Weyl semimetal TaAs family

We present a systematic first-principles study of phonon-limited transport in the TaAs family of Weyl semimetals using the ab initio Boltzmann transport equation. The calculated electrical conductivities show excellent agreement with experimental data for high-quality samples, confirming that transport in these systems is predominantly limited by phonon scattering. Among the four compounds, NbP achieves the highest conductivity, governed primarily by its large Fermi velocities that offset its stronger scattering rates. In contrast, TaAs displays the lowest conductivity, linked to reduced carrier pockets and limited carrier velocities. Additionally, NbP conductivity remains largely unaffected by small hole or electron doping, whereas TaAs exhibits pronounced electron-hole asymmetry. NbAs and TaP show intermediate behavior, reflecting their Fermi surface topologies and scattering phase space. These findings provide microscopic insight into the transport mechanisms of the TaAs family and emphasize the critical role of phonons, doping, and carrier dynamics in shaping their electronic response.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Cubic BeB$_2$: A metastable $p$-type conductive material from first principles

Boron forms a wide variety of compounds with alkaline earth elements due to its unique bonding characteristics. Among these, binary compounds of Be and B display particularly rich structural diversity, attributed to the small atomic size of Be. Cubic BeB$_2$ is a particularly interesting phase, where Be donates electrons to stabilize a diamond-like boron network under high pressure. In this work, we employ \textit{ab initio} methods to conduct a detailed investigation of cubic BeB$_2$ and its functional properties. We show that this metastable phase is dynamically stable under ambient conditions, and its lattice match to existing substrate materials suggests possible epitaxial stabilization via thin-film growth routes. Through a comprehensive characterization of its electronic, transport, and superconductivity properties, we demonstrate that cubic BeB$_2$ exhibits high hole concentrations and high hole mobility, making it a potential candidate for efficient $p$-type transport. In addition, cubic BeB$_2$ is found to exhibit low-temperature superconductivity at degenerate doping levels, similar to several other doped covalent semiconductors such as diamond, Si, and SiC.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Rigid muffin-tin approximation in plane-wave codes for fast modeling of phonon-mediated superconductors

We present a pseudopotential-based plane-wave implementation of the rigid muffin-tin approximation (RMTA), offering a computationally efficient alternative to its traditional use in all-electron codes. This approach enables the evaluation of angular-momentum-resolved electron-phonon matrix elements and McMillan-Hopfield parameters of not only elemental transition metals but also their compounds. The results are benchmarked against full-potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations, showing excellent agreement. We further outline a practical route to extract atom- and symmetry-type-resolved electron-phonon coupling constants. By enabling the use of RMTA descriptors within high-throughput workflows, this framework significantly lowers the computational cost of screening candidate superconductors, providing a valuable tool for materials discovery.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

High-$T_{\rm c}$ Ag$_x$BC and Cu$_x$BC superconductors accessible via topochemical reactions

Hole-doping of covalent materials has long served as a blueprint for designing conventional high-$T_{\rm c}$ superconductors, but thermodynamic constraints severely limit the space of realizable compounds. Our ab initio results indicate that metastable Ag$_x$BC and Cu$_x$BC phases can be accessed via standard topochemical ion exchange reactions starting from Li$_x$BC precursors. Unlike all known stoichiometric layered metal borocarbides, the predicted AgBC and CuBC derivatives, comprising honeycomb layers bridged by dumbbells, are metallic rather than semiconducting. Anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg analysis reveals that the intrinsically hole-doped AgBC possesses a unique combination of electronic and vibrational features to exhibit two-gap superconductivity above 50 K.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Electron-phonon vertex correction effect in superconducting H3S

The Migdal-Eliashberg (ME) formalism provides a reliable framework for describing phonon-mediated superconductivity in the adiabatic regime, where the electronic Fermi energy exceeds the characteristic phonon energy. In this work, we go beyond this limit by incorporating first-order vertex corrections to the electron-phonon (e-ph) interaction within the Eliashberg formalism and assess their impact on the superconducting properties of H3S and Pb using first-principles calculations. For H3S, where the adiabatic assumption breaks down, we find that vertex corrections to the e-ph coupling are substantial. When combined with phonon anharmonicity and the energy dependence of the electronic density of states, the predicted critical temperature (Tc) is in very good agreement with experimental observations. In contrast, for elemental Pb, where the adiabatic approximation remains valid, vertex corrections have a negligible effect, and the calculated Tc and superconducting gap closely match the predictions of the standard ME formalism. These findings demonstrate the importance of non-adiabatic corrections in strongly coupled high-Tc hydrides and establish a robust first-principles framework for accurately predicting superconducting properties across different regimes.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

IsoME: Streamlining High-Precision Eliashberg Calculations

This paper introduces the Julia package IsoME, an easy-to-use yet accurate and robust computational tool designed to calculate superconducting properties. Multiple levels of approximation are supported, ranging from the basic McMillan-Allen-Dynes formula and its machine learning-enhanced variant to Eliashberg theory including static Coulomb interactions derived from $GW$ calculations, offering a fully ab initio approach to determine superconducting properties, such as the critical superconducting temperature ($T_\text{c}$) and the superconducting gap function ($Δ$). We validate IsoME by benchmarking it against various materials, demonstrating its versatility and performance across different theoretical levels. The findings indicate that the previously held assumption that Eliashberg theory overestimates $T_\text{c}$ is no longer valid when $μ^*$ is appropriately adjusted to account for the finite Matsubara frequency cutoff. Furthermore, we conclude that the constant density of states (DOS) approximation remains accurate in most cases. By unifying multiple approximation schemes within a single framework, IsoME combines first-principles precision with computational efficiency, enabling seamless integration into high-throughput workflows through its $T_\text{c}$ search mode. This makes IsoME a powerful and reliable tool for advancing superconductivity research.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Phonon-limited carrier transport in the Weyl semimetal TaAs

Topological Weyl semimetals represent a novel class of quantum materials that exhibit remarkable properties arising from their unique electronic structure. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art ab initio methods to investigate the role of the electron-phonon interactions on the charge transport properties of TaAs. Our calculations of the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity with the iterative Boltzmann transport equation show excellent agreement with experimental measurements above 100 K. Extending the analysis to doped systems, we demonstrate that even small shifts in the Fermi level can lead to substantial changes in conductivity, driven by the complex topology of the Fermi surface. In particular, modifications in Fermi surface nesting emerge as a key factor influencing scattering processes and carrier lifetimes. These findings offer critical insights into the microscopic mechanisms that govern transport in TaAs and highlight the sensitivity of Weyl semimetals to doping and carrier dynamics.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

The Wannier Function Software Ecosystem for Materials Simulations

Over the last two decades, following the early developments on maximally localized Wannier functions, an ecosystem of electronic-structure simulation techniques and software packages leveraging the Wannier representation has flourished. This environment includes codes to obtain Wannier functions and interfaces with first-principles simulation software, as well as an increasing number of related post-processing packages. Wannier functions can be obtained for isolated or extended systems (both crystalline and disordered), and can be used to understand chemical bonding, to characterize electric polarization, magnetization, and topology, or as an optimal basis set, providing very accurate interpolations in reciprocal space or large-scale Hamiltonians in real space. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of techniques, materials properties and simulation codes based on Wannier functions that have been made accessible to the research community, and that are now well integrated into what we term a \emph{Wannier function software ecosystem}. First, we introduce the theory and practicalities of Wannier functions, starting from their broad domains of applicability to advanced minimization methods using alternative approaches beyond maximal localization. Then we define the concept of a Wannier ecosystem and its interactions and interoperability with many quantum simulations engines and post-processing packages. We focus on some of the key properties and capabilities that are empowered by such ecosystem\textemdash from band interpolations and large-scale simulations to electronic transport, Berryology, topology, electron-phonon couplings, dynamical mean-field theory, embedding, and Koopmans functionals\textemdash concluding with the current status of interoperability and automation. [...]

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Stability-superconductivity map for compressed Na-intercalated graphite

A recent ab initio investigation of Na-C binary compounds under moderate pressures has uncovered a possible stable NaC$_4$ superconductor with an estimated critical temperature up to 41K. We revisit this promising binary system by performing a more focused exploration of Na-intercalated graphite configurations, assessing the sensitivity of their thermodynamic stability to density functional approximations at different (T,P) conditions, and examining their superconducting properties with the anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg formalism. The combinatorial screening of possible Na arrangements reveals additional stable stoichiometries, i.e., Na$_3$C$_{10}$, NaC$_8$, NaC$_{10}$, and NaC$_{12}$, that redefine the previously proposed convex hulls for pressures up to 10 GPa. The evaluation of formation enthalpies with different van der Waals functionals indicates that the proposed compounds might not be thermodynamically stable at zero temperature but some of them could stabilize due to the vibrational entropy or form via cold compression if graphite is used as a starting material. Our more rigorous modeling of the electron-phonon coupling in NaC$_4$ confirms the material's potential for high-temperature superconductivity, with a critical temperature reaching 48 K at 10 GPa, and reveals a well-defined two-gap structure unusual for an electron-doped compound. By tracking the position of the intercalant nearly free electron states with respect to the Fermi level in viable Na-C compounds, we map out the range of pressures and compositions needed for strong electron-phonon coupling and identify Na$_3$C$_{10}$ as an equally promising superconductor.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

First-principles design of ambient-pressure Mg$_x$B$_2$C$_2$ and Na$_x$BC superconductors

We employ ab initio modeling to investigate the possibility of attaining high-temperature conventional superconductivity in ambient-pressure materials based on the known MgB$_2$C$_2$ and recently proposed thermodynamically stable NaBC ternary compounds. The constructed $(T,P_M)$ phase diagrams (M = Mg or Na) indicate that these layered metal borocarbides can be hole-doped via thermal deintercalation that has been successfully used in previous experiments to produce Li$_y$BC ($y=1>x\gtrsim0.5$) samples. The relatively low temperature threshold required to trigger NaBC desodiation may help prevent the formation of defects shown recently to be detrimental to the electron-phonon coupling in the delithiated LiBC analog. According to our numerical solutions of the anisotropic full-bandwidth Migdal-Eliashberg equations, the proposed Mg$_x$B$_2$C$_2$ and Na$_x$BC materials exhibit superconducting critical temperatures between 43 K and 84 K. At the same time, we demonstrate that buckling of defect-free honeycomb BC layers, favored in heavily-doped Na$_x$BC compounds, can substantially reduce or effectively suppress the materials' potential for MgB$_2$-type superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Efficient anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg calculations with the Intermediate Representation basis and Wannier interpolation

In this study, we combine the ab initio Migdal-Eliashberg approach with the intermediate representation for the Green's function, enabling accurate and efficient calculations of the momentum-dependent superconducting gap function while fully considering the effect of the Coulomb retardation. Unlike the conventional scheme that relies on a uniform sampling across Matsubara frequencies - demanding hundreds to thousands of points - the intermediate representation works with fewer than 100 sampled Matsubara Green's functions. The developed methodology is applied to investigate the superconducting properties of three representative low-temperature elemental metals: aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and niobium (Nb). The results demonstrate the power and reliability of our computational technique to accurately solve the ab initio anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg equations even at extremely low temperatures, below 1 Kelvin.

cond-mat.supr-con↗