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Eleonora Alfinito

Publications and source records attributed to Eleonora Alfinito.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The ETH matrix model for DSSYK: non-perturbative corrections and intersection theory

At leading order in the genus expansion the ETH matrix model for DSSYK reproduces its correlators by construction, while its higher-genus corrections are conjectured to capture higher-topology contributions in the dual sine-dilaton gravity -- a correspondence established so far only for the disk and the wormhole. At fixed genus the correlators are built from discrete volumes $N_{g,n}$, polynomial in $q$-deformed zeta values $ζ_q(2k)$ with $q=e^{-λ}$, $λ$ being the DSSYK coupling. These lie in the ring of quasimodular forms generated by the Eisenstein series $E_2,E_4,E_6$, whose $S$-duality yields an exact closed form for the leading non-perturbative correction as $λ\to0$, controlled by $\widetilde q=e^{-4π^2/λ}$. Known at disk level, this scale is shown here to govern the fixed-genus, higher-boundary amplitudes as well. We show that the term linear in $\widetilde q$, at leading order in $λ$, is captured entirely by the $q$-deformed Weil--Petersson volumes, and reduces to a finite sum of intersection numbers of $κ$-classes on the moduli space $\overline{\mathcal M}_{g,n}$ of stable curves, computable without repeating the topological recursion that produced the $N_{g,n}$. We tabulate it for every $(g,n)$ whose $q$-deformed volume is known in closed form, and extend it to $(3,1),(3,2),(4,1)$, where none is available. The construction is not restricted to leading order: we work out $O(\widetilde q^2)$ for the same cases.

hep-th

Three-loop onset of the wormhole length in DSSYK

The length of the Einstein-Rosen bridge in sine-dilaton gravity at disk level equals the Krylov spread complexity of the dual double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model, with the double-scaling parameter $λ$ controlling the semiclassical expansion. We compute the onset value, $L_{0}$, in the thermofield double state at $t=0$ and arbitrary inverse temperature $β$, through three loops and in closed form, extending the known one-loop result. The quantity $L_{0}$ represents the preparation complexity of the initial thermal Hartle-Hawking state. In DSSYK, $L_{0}$ is $λ$ times the average chord number of the thermal state, providing a microscopic, unambiguous determination of an additive constant otherwise fixed only by a choice of holographic renormalization scheme. The two-loop contribution follows from a saddle point evaluation of the DSSYK two-point function at coincident insertion points, where individually divergent contributions cancel only in their sum. At three loops, we bypass the saddle point analysis using an exact recursion relation that generates long high-temperature expansions at low cost, fixing and testing a proposed Ansatz against many independent data points. Finally, in the low-temperature regime each loop order contributes one further power of $β$, reorganizing the semiclassical series into an expansion in the Schwarzian coupling $λβ$, whose leading coefficient we check against an independent one-loop Schwarzian computation. The same methods, applied to the length variance and third-order cumulant at $t=0$, give their semiclassical expansion through two loops.

hep-th

Modular structures in the DSSYK partition function

We study the low-temperature expansion of the disk partition function $Z(β)$ of the double-scaled SYK model (DSSYK) at fixed coupling $λ=2p^{2}/N$, where $N$ is the number of Majorana fermions and $p$ is the number of fermions in each interaction term, both taken to infinity. We show that the exact Bessel-function representation of $Z(β)$, expanded at large argument (corresponding to low temperature), can be organized in terms of the classical ring of quasi-modular Eisenstein series $E_{2},E_{4},E_{6}$ and their differential identities. Exploiting the modular $S$-duality properties of this ring, we derive the semiclassical (small $λ$) low-temperature expansion of $Z(β)$, splitting it into a perturbative tower and a non-perturbative sector controlled by $\widetilde q=e^{-4π^{2}/λ}$. At each order in $\widetilde q$, we determine the non-perturbative correction in closed form up to second order in $λ$; the resulting series resums into a compact expression in the same Eisenstein series, extending previous semiclassical results beyond their strict $β\to\infty$ limit. We further show that this entire structure follows from a single, exact differential equation coupling a modular derivative to derivatives with respect to temperature. Finally, we prove that the non-perturbative sector of $Z(β)$ is exactly supported, to all orders in $λ$, on the same exponents as the on-shell actions of known bilocal-Liouville saddles of the DSSYK Schwarzian limit, pointing to a well-defined bulk origin for these non-perturbative corrections.

hep-th

Higher-loop wormhole length in sine-dilaton gravity from DSSYK Krylov complexity

The quantum wormhole length in sine-dilaton gravity has been shown to equal the Krylov spread complexity in the double-scaled SYK model. In the infinite temperature limit, we compute the five-loop semiclassical expansion of DSSYK complexity by singular perturbation of the operator Liouville-type equations of motion, extending the existing one-loop results. The same method is applied to evaluate the Krylov variance and third-order cumulant, related to the connected two- and three-point functions of the length operator at coincident points. The small- and large-time behaviour of these observables is also studied. In particular, for the large-time slope of the wormhole linear growth, we determine the all-order resummation of the perturbative series, and the leading non-perturbative corrections.

hep-th

Krylov Complexity in Supersymmetric Large-$N$ Quantum Mechanics

We study Krylov complexity in the large-$N$ planar limit of the supersymmetric matrix quantum mechanical Veneziano--Wosiek model. In particular, we discuss the special features emerging at the critical transition at the 't~Hooft coupling $λ=1$. Starting from selected states in the sectors with fermion number 0 and 1, related by supersymmetry, we analyze the time dependence of Krylov complexity by numerical methods. We find that for $λ\neq1$ the Krylov complexity $K(t)$ exhibits oscillatory behavior, while at the critical coupling $λ=1$ it grows quadratically in time, $K(t)\sim t^2$, with sector-dependent amplitudes. To obtain analytical insight, we study in the bosonic sector a solvable model with $\mathfrak{sl}(2, \mathbb{R})$ symmetry which is a rank-1 modification of the Veneziano--Wosiek Hamiltonian, finding that it reproduces the previous features of complexity. We also introduce supercharges and extend the solvable model to the fermionic sector where we also compute analytically the Krylov complexity. Higher degree-$M$ Krylov complexities, defined as expectation values of powers of Lanczos index, are also computed and grow polynomially in time $\sim t^{2M}$ at the critical point both in the original and in the solvable model. This behavior is closely analogous to the spreading of a localized squeezed state in a one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator of frequency $ω$, with the free limit $ω\to 0$ corresponding to the critical $λ\to 1$ limit.

hep-th

Krylov Correlators in $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb R)$ Models: Exact Results and Holographic Complexity

In holography, the complexity--momentum correspondence relates the increasing momentum of a point particle falling into an eternal black hole to the rate of growth of the Krylov complexity of the dual boundary state, a conjecture established exactly for the BTZ black hole in AdS$_{3}$ at the semiclassical level. We examine possible extensions of the correspondence by considering boundary higher Krylov complexities and Krylov correlators encoding fluctuations and temporal correlations of the spreading quantum state. To this end, we derive exact results for Krylov correlators in quantum systems with $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{R})$ or Heisenberg-Weyl symmetry and apply them to the complexity--momentum correspondence. We show that certain out-of-time-ordered correlators of two or more Krylov speed operators at different times are proportional to combinations of the proper radial momenta of a particle falling into the BTZ black hole in AdS$_{3}$, evaluated at those times. This represents a first step in the generalization of the original complexity--momentum relation.

hep-th

The fundamental units of generalized quantum conductance and quantum diffusion

Although quantum transport at the nanoscale has received widespread attention since Landauer's pioneering work in 1957, we remark, that a general theory that sheds light on the difference between classical and quantum relativistic physical models is still lacking. By considering a classical 3D gas of non-interacting quasi.particles, the article presents a unified theory that provides a generalized conductance of dimensionless quasi-particles, neutral massive, electric, thermal, and photon currents. The investigation begins with an analogy between the original Drude model of 1900 and a modified Drude model of quasi-particles, which includes a ballistic transport regime and is independent of statistics (excluding Bose-Einstein condensation). Next, we construct connections between the quasi-particle unit in the modified Drude model and the carrier unit in dimensionless, electric, massive neutral, phonon, and photon currents. By establishing a connection between Planck's constant $h$ and a classicaò action that takes into account the correct statistics, $h_s$, we derive the fundamental quantum unit of conductance for any of the mentioned currents. We further extend the diffusion coefficient of quasi-particles from the classical regime to the quantum and relativistic regimes.

physics.gen-ph

Resonance for life: Metabolism and Social Interactions in Bacterial Communities

The social organization of microorganisms has long been a fascinating and challenging subject in both biology and sociology. In these organisms, the role of the individual is far less dominant than that of the community, which functions as a superorganism. The coordination is achieved through a communication mechanism known as quorum sensing. When the community is healthy, quorum sensing enables it to regulate the development of potentially harmful individuals. This study employs an agent-based quorum sensing model to explore the relationship between metabolic functions and social behavior. It also examines how a polyculture responds to variations in the metabolic characteristics of its components. Finally, we identify a particularly stable condition in which the components cooperate to maximize the overall health of the colony. We refer to this state as resonance for life.

physics.bio-ph

The sleeping bacterium: shedding light on the resuscitation mechanism

The revival mechanism in dormant bacteria is a puzzling and open issue. We propose a model of information diffusion on a regular grid where agents represent bacteria and their mutual interactions implement quorum sensing. Agents may have different metabolic characteristics corresponding to multiple phenotypes. The intra/inter phenotype cooperation is analyzed under different metabolic and productivity conditions. We study the interactions between rapidly reproducing active bacteria and non-reproducing quiescent bacteria. We highlight the conditions under which the quiescent bacteria may revive. The occurrence of revival is generally related to a change in environmental conditions. Our results support this picture showing that revival can be mediated by the presence of different catalyst bacteria that produce the necessary resources .

physics.bio-ph

Breaking news on last achievements on the definition of the black-body total internal energy

The internal total-energy of the black-body is a physical quantity of paramount importance in the development of modern physics. Accordingly, together with a brief historical development, we report and comment last breaking news (2018-2024) concerning the definition and properties of this quantity. The first comment concerns with the inclusion of the Casimir energy that avoids the vacuum catastrophe implied by he presence of zero-point energy, thus leading to further quantum contributions associated with boundary effects. The second comment concerns with a semi-classical simulation of a one dimensional black-body whose results suggest a possible reconsideration on the role of classical physics on the quantum black-body.

physics.pop-ph

From conductance viewed as transmission to resistance viewed as reflection. An extension of Landauer quantum paradigm to the classical case at finite temperature

In this paper we present an extension of Landauer paradigm, conductance is transmission, to the case of macroscopic classical conductors making use of a description of conductance and resistance based on the application of the fluctuation dissipation (FD) theorem. The main result is summarized in the expressions below for conductance $G$ and resistance $R$ at thermodynamic equilibrium, with the usual meaning of symbols. $G$ is given in terms of the variance of total carrier number fluctuations between two ideal transparent contacts in an open system described by a grand canonical ensemble as $$ G =\frac{e^2 \overline{v_x'^2} τ}{L^2 K_BT} \overline{δN^2} %= \frac{e^2 \sqrt{\overline{v_x'^2}} Γ}{L K_BT} \overline{δ%N^2} %= \frac{e^2 \overline{N} Γ} {Lm\sqrt{\overline{v_x'^2}}} \ \ \ \ $$ By contrast $R$ is given in terms of the variance of carrier drift-velocity fluctuations due to the instantaneous carrier specular reflection at the internal contact interfaces of a closed system described by a canonical ensemble as $$ R= \frac{(m L)^2}{e^2 K_BT τ} \overline{δv_d^2} %= \frac {Lm\sqrt{\overline{v_x'^2}}} {e^2 \overline{N} Γ} $$ The FD approach gives evidence of the duality property of conductance related to transmission and resistance related to reflection. Remarkably, the expressions above are shown to recover the quantum Landauer paradigm in the limit of zero temperature for a one-dimensional conductor.

cond-mat.mes-hall

The fundamental unit of quantum conductance and quantum diffusion for a gas of massive particles

By analogy with the fundamental quantum units of electrical conductance $G_0^e=\frac{2 e^2}{h}$ and thermal conductance $K_0^t=\frac{2 K_B^2 T}{h}$ we define a fundamental quantum unit of conductance, $G_0^m$, and diffusion of a massive gas of atomic particles, respectively given by $$ G_0^m=\frac{m^2}{h} \ , \ D_0=\frac{h}{m}$$ with $h$ the Planck constant, $K_B$ the Boltzmann constant, $T$ the absolute temperature, $e$ the unit charge and $m$ the mass of the atomic gas particle that move balistically in a one dimensional medium of length $L$. The effect of scattering can be accounted for by introducing an appropriate transmission probability in analogy with the quantum electrical conductance model introduced by Landauer in 1957. For an electron gas $G_0^m=1.25 \times 10^{-27} \ Kg^2/(J s)$ and $D_0 = 7.3 \times 10^{-3} \ m^2/s$, and we found a quantum expression for the generalized Einstein relation that writes $$G_0^e = \frac{2e^2m}{h^2} D_0 $$

cond-mat.mes-hall

Bioinspired Materials for Sensor and Clinical Applications: Two Case Studies

The growing interest in bio-inspired materials is driven by the need for increasingly targeted and efficient devices that also have a low ecological impact. These devices often use specially developed materials (e.g., polymers, aptamers, monoclonal antibodies) capable of carrying out the process of recognizing and capturing a specific target in a similar way to biomaterials of natural origin. In this article, we present two case studies, in which the target is a biomolecule of medical interest, in particular, α-thrombin and cytokine IL-6. In these examples, different biomaterials are compared to establish, with a theoretical-computational procedure known as proteotronics, which of them has the greatest potential for use in a biodevice.

physics.bio-ph

The Puzzling of Stefan-Boltzmann Law: Classical or Quantum Physics

Stefan-Boltzmann law was empirically deduced by Stefan in 1874 by fitting existing experiments and theoretically validated by Boltzmann in 1884 on the basis of a classical model involving thermodynamics principles and the Maxwell equations. At first sight the electromagnetic (EM) gas assumed by Boltzmann and identifiable as an ensemble of $N$ classical normal-modes, looks like an extension of the classical model of the massive ideal-gas. Accordingly, for this EM gas the internal total energy, $U$, was taken to be function of volume $V$ and temperature $T$ as $U=U(V,T)$, and the equation of state was given by $U=3PV$, with $P$ the radiation pressure. In addition, Boltzmann implicitly assumed that, for given values of $V$ and $T$, $U$ and $N$ would take finite values. However, from one hand these assumptions are not justified by Maxwell equations since, in vacuum (i.e. far from the EM sources), according to classical statistics, the values of $U$and $N$ diverge. From another hand, Boltzmann derivation of Stefan law is found to be macroscopically compatible with its derivation from quantum statistics announced by Planck in 1901. Accordingly, this letter presents a solution of this puzzling classical/quantum compatibility by noticing that the implicit assumption made by Boltzmann is fully justified by quantum statistics. Furthermore, we shed new light on the interpretation of recent classical simulations of a black-body carried out by Wang, Casati, and Benenti in 2022 who found an analogous puzzling compatibility to induce speculations on classical physics and black-body radiation that are claimed to require a critical reconsideration of the role of classical physics for the understanding of quantum mechanics.

quant-ph

Did Maxwell dream of electrical bacteria?

We propose a model for bacterial Quorum Sensing based on an auxiliary electrostatic-like interac-tion originating from a fictitious electrical charge that represents bacteria activity. A cooperative mechanism for charge/activity exchange is introduced to implement chemotaxis and replication. The bacteria system is thus represented by means of a complex resistor network where link re-sistances take into account the allowed activity-flow among individuals. By explicit spatial sto-chastic simulations, we show that the model exhibits different quasi-realistic behaviors from colo-ny formation to biofilm aggregation. The electrical signal associated with Quorum Sensing is ana-lyzed in space and time and provides useful information about the colony dynamics. In particular, we analyze the transition between the planktonic and the colony phases as the intensity of Quorum Sensing is varied.

physics.bio-ph

Stefan-Boltzmann law revisited

The Stefan-Boltzmann (SB) law relates the emissivity $q$, given in $Wm^{-2}$, of an ideal black-body cavity at thermal equilibrium to the fourth power of the absolute temperature $T$ as $q=σT^4$, with $σ= 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W m^{-2} K^{-4}$ the SB constant, firstly estimated by Stefan to within $11$ per cent of the actual value. The law is a pillar of modern physics since its microscopic derivation implies the quantization of the energy related to the electromagnetic field. Somewhat astonishing, Boltzmann presented his derivation in 1878 making use only of electrodynamic and thermodynamic classical concepts, apparently without introducing any quantum hypothesis (here called first Boltzmann paradox). By using Planck (1901) quantization of the radiation field in terms of a gas of photons, the SB law received a microscopic interpretation providing also the value of the SB constant on the basis of a set of universal constants including the quantum action constant $h$. However, the successive consideration by Planck (1912) of the zero-point energy contribution was found to be responsible of another divergence of the radiation energy-density for the single photon mode at high frequencies. This divergence is of pure quantum origin and is responsible for a vacuum-catastrophe, to keep the analogy with the well-known ultraviolet catastrophe of the classical black-body radiation spectrum, given by the Rayleigh-Jeans law in 1900. As a consequence, from a rigorous quantum-mechanical derivation we expect the divergence of the SB law (here called second Boltzmann paradox). In this paper we revisit the SB law by accounting for genuine quantum effects associated with Planck energy quantization and Casimir size quantization thus resolving both Boltzmann paradoxes

cond-mat.stat-mech

New indicators for assessing the quality of in silico produced biomolecules: the case study of the aptamer-Angiopoietin-2 complex

Computational procedures to foresee the 3D structure of aptamers are in continuous progress. They constitute a crucial input to research, mainly when the crystallographic counterpart of the structures in silico produced is not present. At now, many codes are able to perform structure and binding prediction, although their ability in scoring the results remains rather weak. In this paper, we propose a novel procedure to complement the ranking outcomes of free docking code, by applying it to a set of anti-angiopoietin aptamers, whose performances are known. We rank the in silico produced configurations, adopting a maximum likelihood estimate, based on their topological and electrical properties. From the analysis, two principal kinds of conformers are identified, whose ability to mimick the binding features of the natural receptor is discussed. The procedure is easily generalizable to many biological biomolecules, useful for increasing chances of success in designing high-specificity biosensors (aptasensors).

q-bio.BM

Fluctuation dissipation theorem and electrical noise revisited

The fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT) is the basis for a microscopic description of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.By assuming the electromagnetic radiation in thermal equilibrium and the interaction in the linear response regime, the theorem interrelates the spontaneous fluctuations of microscopic variables with the kinetic coefficients that are responsible for energy dissipation.In the quantum form provided by Callen and Welton in their pioneer paper of 1951 for the case of conductors, electrical noise detected at the terminals of a conductor was given in terms of the spectral density of voltage fluctuations, $S_V(ω)$, and was related to the real part of its impedance, $Re[Z(ω)]$, by a simple relation.The drawbacks of this relation concern with: (I) the appearance of a zero point contribution which implies a divergence of the spectrum at increasing frequencies; (ii) the lack of detailing the appropriate equivalent-circuit of the impedance, (iii) the neglect of the Casimir effect associated with the quantum interaction between zero-point energy and boundaries of the considered physical system; (iv) the lack of identification of the microscopic noise sources beyond the temperature model. These drawbacks do not allow to validate the relation with experiments. By revisiting the FDT within a brief historical survey, we shed new light on the existing drawbacks by providing further properties of the theorem, focusing on the electrical noise of a two-terminal sample under equilibrium conditions. Accordingly, we will discuss the duality and reciprocity properties of the theorem, its applications to the ballistic transport regime, to the case of vacuum and to the case of a photon gas.

cond-mat.stat-mech