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Elliot Krop

Publications and source records attributed to Elliot Krop.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Vizing's Conjecture for Almost All Pairs of Graphs

For any graph $G=(V,E)$, a subset $S\subseteq V$ $dominates$ $G$ if all vertices are contained in the closed neighborhood of $S$, that is $N[S]=V$. The minimum cardinality over all such $S$ is called the domination number, written $γ(G)$. In 1963, V.G. Vizing conjectured that $γ(G \square H) \geq γ(G)γ(H)$ where $\square$ stands for the Cartesian product of graphs. In this note, we prove that if $\left|G\right|\geq γ(G)γ(H)$ and $\left|H\right|\geq γ(G)γ(H)$, then the conjecture holds. This result quickly implies Vizing's conjecture for almost all pairs of graphs $G,H$ with $\left|G\right|\geq \left|H\right|$, satisfying $\left|G\right|\leq q^{\frac{\left|H\right|}{\log_q\left|H\right|}}$ for $q=\frac{1}{1-p}$ and $p$ the edge probability of the Erdős-Rényi random graph.

math.CO↗

A counterexample to a conjecture of Ghosh

We answer two questions of Shamik Ghosh in the negative. We show that there exists a lobster tree of diameter less than 6 which accepts no alpha-labeling with two central vertices labeled by the critical number and the maximum vertex label. We also show a simple example of a tree of diameter 4, with an even degree central vertex which does not accept a maximum label in any graceful labeling.

math.CO↗

On small Mixed Pattern Ramsey numbers

We call the minimum order of any complete graph so that for any coloring of the edges by $k$ colors it is impossible to avoid a monochromatic or rainbow triangle, a Mixed Ramsey number. For any graph $H$ with edges colored from the above set of $k$ colors, if we consider the condition of excluding $H$ in the above definition, we produce a \emph{Mixed Pattern Ramsey number}, denoted $M_k(H)$. We determine this function in terms of $k$ for all colored $4$-cycles and all colored $4$-cliques. We also find bounds for $M_k(H)$ when $H$ is a monochromatic odd cycles, or a star for sufficiently large $k$. We state several open questions.

math.CO↗

Almost-rainbow edge-colorings of some small subgraphs

Let $f(n,p,q)$ be the minimum number of colors necessary to color the edges of $K_n$ so that every $K_p$ is at least $q$-colored. We improve current bounds on the {7/4}n-3$, slightly improving the bound of Axenovich. We make small improvements on bounds of Erd\H os and Gyárfás by showing ${5/6}n+1\leq f(n,4,5)$ and for all even $n\not\equiv 1 \pmod 3$, $f(n,4,5)\leq n-1$ . For a complete bipartite graph $G=K_{n,n}$, we show an n-color construction to color the edges of $G$ so that every $C_4\subseteq G$ is colored by at least three colors. This improves the best known upper bound of M. Axenovich, Z. Füredi, and D. Mubayi.

math.CO↗

A brief, simple proof of Vizing's conjecture

For any graph $G=(V,E)$, a subset $S\subseteq V$ \emph{dominates} $G$ if all vertices are contained in the closed neighborhood of $S$, that is $N[S]=V$. The minimum cardinality over all such $S$ is called the domination number, written $γ(G)$. In 1963, V.G. Vizing conjectured that $γ(G \square H) \geq γ(G)γ(H)$ where $\square$ stands for the Cartesian product of graphs. In this note, we prove the conjecture.

math.CO↗

On the Edge-balanced Index Sets of Complete Bipartite Graphs

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$, and $f$ be a 0-1 labeling of $E(G)$ so that the absolute difference in the number of edges labeled 1 and 0 is no more than one. Call such a labeling $f$ \emph{edge-friendly}. The \emph{edge-balanced index set} of the graph $G$, $EBI(G)$, is defined as the absolute difference between the number of vertices incident to more edges labeled 1 and the number of vertices incident to more edges labeled 0 over all edge-friendly labelings $f$. In 2009, Lee, Kong, and Wang \cite{LeeKongWang} found the $EBI(K_{l,n})$ for $l=1,2,3,4,5$ as well as $l=n$. We continue the investigation of the $EBI$ of complete bipartite graphs of other orders.

math.CO↗

On the number of unlabeled vertices in edge-friendly labelings of graphs

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$, and $f$ be a 0-1 labeling of $E(G)$ so that the absolute difference in the number of edges labeled 1 and 0 is no more than one. Call such a labeling $f$ \emph{edge-friendly}. We say an edge-friendly labeling induces a \emph{partial vertex labeling} if vertices which are incident to more edges labeled 1 than 0, are labeled 1, and vertices which are incident to more edges labeled 0 than 1, are labeled 0. Vertices that are incident to an equal number of edges of both labels we call \emph{unlabeled}. Call a procedure on a labeled graph a \emph{label switching algorithm} if it consists of pairwise switches of labels. Given an edge-friendly labeling of $K_n$, we show a label switching algorithm producing an edge-friendly relabeling of $K_n$ such that all the vertices are labeled. We call such a labeling \textit{opinionated}.

math.CO↗

On the edge-balanced index sets of product graphs

We characterize strongly edge regular product graphs and find the edge-balanced index sets of complete bipartite graphs without a perfect matching, the direct product $K_n\times K_2$. We also prove a lemma that is helpful to determine the edge-balanced index sets of regular graphs.

math.CO↗

Nonmedian Direct Products of Graphs with Loops

A \emph{median graph} is a connected graph in which, for every three vertices, there exists a unique vertex $m$ lying on the geodesic between any two of the given vertices. We show that the only median graphs of the direct product $G\times H$ are formed when $G=P_k$, for any integer $k\geq 3$ and $H=P_l$, for any integer $l\geq 2$, with a loop at an end vertex, where the direct product is taken over all connected graphs $G$ on at least three vertices or at least two vertices with at least one loop, and connected graphs $H$ with at least one loop.

math.CO↗

Validations of the Asymptotic Matching Conjectures

In this paper we review the asymptotic matching conjectures for $r$-regular bipartite graphs, and their connections in estimating the monomer-dimer entropies in $d$-dimensional integer lattice and Bethe lattices. We prove new rigorous upper and lower bounds for the monomer-dimer entropies, which support these conjectures. We describe a general construction of infinite families of $r$-regular tori graphs and give algorithms for computing the monomer-dimer entropy of density $p$, for any $p\in [0,1]$, for these graphs. Finally we use tori graphs to test the asymptotic matching conjectures for certain infinite $r$-regular bipartite graphs.

math.CO↗

Exact conditions for countable inclusion-exclusion identity and extensions

We give simple necessary and sufficient conditions for the inclusion-exclusion identity to hold for an infinite countable number of sets. In terms of a random variable, whose range are nonnegative integers, this condition is equivalent to the convergence to zero of binomial moments. Some standard extensions of the countable inclusion-exclusion identity are also given.

math.PR↗