arXiv subjects

Eloy Ayón-Beato

Publications and source records attributed to Eloy Ayón-Beato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On the mass spectrum of Viel-dreibein gravity

We study the AdS-wave configurations of Viel-dreibein gravity, a three-dimensional theory of $N$ interacting spin-2 fields, as a pretext to characterize the mass spectrum of this multigravity theory. We manage to implement the known strategy of rewriting the system as a higher-derivative theory for a single dreibein, thereby deriving the precise $2N$th-order equation governing the dynamics of the AdS-wave profile in question. The second novelty we introduce is a factorization of such an equation as the product of $N$ Klein-Gordon operators, exploiting the recent representation of the roots of any $N$th-degree polynomial in terms of the increasingly celebrated $\mathscr{A}$-hypergeometric functions. Remarkably, this allows us to determine the mass spectrum of the full theory independently of the number of involved gravities, which is essential for an explicit construction of the AdS-wave solutions. This enables us to explore the parameter space of the theory and find all its critical points (not only the Breitenlohner-Freedman bounds) where a much wider range of degeneracies in the squared masses arises. At those points, the solutions allow a zoo of new logarithmic modes leading to several $\log^{χ-1}$ asymptotic behaviors, with $χ\le N$, a signature of the existence of allegedly dual logarithmic conformal field theories.

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arXiv2025

The dyonic Kerr-Schild ansatz

We develop a geometric extension of the Kerr-Schild ansatz that incorporates both electric and magnetic sectors of the Maxwell field in a unified framework, without resorting to duality rotations. We start observing that the known purely electric solution satisfies Maxwell's equations due to a closedness condition obeyed by the Kerr-Schild null congruence. From the associated local exactness property, we construct a new one-form naturally linked to the congruence as a sort of Poincaré dualization. This leads us to propose a geometrically motivated dyonic vector potential within the Kerr-Schild ansatz, defined as a superposition of an electric contribution along the congruence and a magnetic one that aligns to the dualized one-form. We then show that for a stationary and axisymmetric Kerr-Schild ansatz, the electrovac circularity theorem uniquely constrains not only the scalar profile of the metric, but also those associated to the electric-magnetic splitting of the gauge field. The resulting formalism provides a transparent derivation of the dyonic Kerr-Newman solution and extends naturally to the (A)dS case, highlighting the intrinsic interplay between geometry and matter in a Kerr-Schild setting.

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arXiv2025

Ultrarelativistic limit of the Kerr theorem

The original Kerr theorem provides the foundation for Kerr-Schild transformations by classifying all shear-free and geodesic null congruences in flat spacetime; the key ingredient of the Kerr-Schild ansatz. However, due to the high level of degeneracy of the outcome it is often less practical than its symmetric refinements, which may single out congruences leading to physically significant spacetimes by imposing relevant symmetries. An illustrative example is the stationary axisymmetric version of Kerr theorem which has been shown to lead directly and uniquely to the Kerr black hole in vacuum. In this work, we propose a new symmetric refinement of the Kerr theorem by boosting the stationary symmetry into its ultrarelativistic limit to achieve invariance under null translations, while keeping axisymmetry. Under these assumptions, the classification yields only two distinct congruences. The first congruence is covariantly constant and, through the Kerr-Schild ansatz, evidently yields an axisymmetric pp-wave. The vacuum axisymmetric profile of this pp-wave displays a logarithmic dependence on the polar radius, characteristic of the exterior gravitational field of the Bonnor light beam, and includes as a special case the Aichelburg-Sexl ultrarelativistic limit of the Schwarzschild black hole. The Kerr-Schild transformation of the second congruence gives rise to a non-trivial vacuum solution recently reported in [Phys. Rev. D 112, 024020 (2025)]. Using circularity and appropriately fixing the reparameterization invariance of the orthogonal manifold to the Killing fields, we show that the latter solution corresponds to the well-known Taub-NUT spacetime with planar topology. These results emphasize how symmetry-based refinements of the Kerr theorem constitute a powerful tool to constructing physically essential spacetimes.

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arXiv2025

Non-Noetherian conformal Cheshire effect

The gravitational Cheshire effect refers to the possibility of turning off the gravitational field while still leaving an imprint of the nonminimal coupling of matter to gravity. This allows nontrivial solutions in flat spacetime for which no backreaction is possible. The effect was originally shown to manifest itself for standard nonminimal couplings, such as those allowing conventional conformally invariant scalar fields. Recently, the most general scalar field action yielding a conformally invariant second-order equation was constructed, and entails a more involved nonminimal coupling explicitly breaking the conformal invariance of the action without spoiling it in the equation. We have succeeded in fully describing the spherically symmetric stealth solutions on flat spacetime supporting the Cheshire effect within this general non-Noetherian conformal theory. The allowed configurations are divided into two branches: The first one essentially corresponds to an extension of the solutions already known for the standard Noetherian conformal theory. The second branch is only possible due to the non-Noetherian conformal contribution of the action. The complete characterization of this branch is expressed by a nonlinear first-order partial differential equation. We have found the general solution of this equation using both seemingly new and well-established mathematical tools.

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arXiv2024

Nonlinearly charging the conformally dressed black holes preserving duality and conformal invariance

We start this paper by concisely rederiving ModMax, which is nothing but the unique nonlinear extension of Maxwell's equations preserving conformal and duality invariance. The merit of this new derivation is its transparency and simplicity since it is based on an approach where the elusive duality invariance is manifest. In the second part, we couple the ModMax electrodynamics to Einstein gravity with a cosmological constant together with a standard conformal scalar field, and new stationary spacetimes with dyonic charges are found. These solutions are later used as seed configurations to generate nonlinearly charged (super-)renormalizably dressed spacetimes by means of a known generating method that we extend to include any nonlinear conformal electrodynamics. We end by addressing the issue of how to generalize some of these results to include the recently studied non-Noetherian conformal scalar fields, whose equation of motion still enjoys conformal symmetry even though its action does not. It turns out that the static non-Noetherian conformally dressed black holes also become amenable to being charged by ModMax.

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arXiv2023

Uniqueness of the Jackiw non-Noetherian conformal scalar field

Jackiw was undoubtedly the first to exhibit an example of a scalar field action which is not conformally invariant whereas its equation of motion is. This feature has recently been dubbed as a non-Noetherian conformal scalar field. The paradigmatic example of Jackiw was the generalization to curved spacetime of the two-dimensional Liouville action. Here, we prove that, up to second order, this is the unique example of a non-Noetherian conformal scalar field in two dimensions. We establish this result using an old and somewhat forgotten theorem which is none other than the solution to the inverse problem of the calculus of variations.

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arXiv2023

Non-Noetherian conformal scalar fields

Recently, an extension of the standard four-dimensional scalar conformal action, yielding a second-order field equation that remains conformally invariant, was proposed. In spite of this, the corresponding action is not invariant under conformal transformations and this motivates us to define the notion of non-Noetherian conformal scalar field. In this article, we go further by determining the most general action in four dimensions that gives rise to a non-Noetherian conformal scalar field satisfying a second-order equation. This task is achieved by using the solution to the inverse problem of the calculus of variations. Surprisingly enough, the standard equation is shown to be extended by a non-Noetherian conformal piece involving a nonminimal coupling with a very particular combination of squared curvature terms, which is none other than the one defining the so-called Critical Gravity. We also prove that the most general second-order Euler-Lagrange equation for a conformal scalar field involves additional Noetherian conformal nonminimal couplings defined by an arbitrary function of the Weyl tensor. The recently proposed non-Noetherian conformal extension is recovered as a particular example of this function.

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arXiv2022

Unveiling the electrodynamics of the first nonlinearly charged rotating black hole

After many years of efforts, the first nonlinearly charged rotating black hole has been finally reported by Garcia-Diaz in two recent works. This is an important result that was pending in General Relativity, since nonlinear generalizations of the Kerr-Newman solution were not yet known. Unfortunately, the Lagrangian supporting this configuration cannot be expressible in terms of the standard invariants using elementary functions. In the present work we circumvent this problem by using the formulations of nonlinear electrodynamics in terms of mixed electromagnetic eigenvalues, introduced by Salazar, Garcia-Diaz and Plebanski almost four decades ago. In doing so, we prove that the underlying theory becomes fully determined, and hence the new found nonlinearly charged stationary axisymmetric spacetimes correspond to exact solutions of a well-defined self-gravitating nonlinear electrodynamics whose fundamental structural functions are provided here.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2020

Analytic self-gravitating $4$-Baryons, traversable NUT-AdS wormholes, flat space-time multi-Skyrmions at finite volume and a novel transition in the $SU(3)$-Skyrme model

We construct the first analytic self-gravitating Skyrmions with higher Baryon charge in four dimensions for the $SU(3)$-Skyrme-Einstein-$Λ$ theory by combining the generalized hedgehog ansatz with the approach developed by Balachandran et al. to describe the first (numerical) example of a non-embedded solution. These are genuine $SU(3)$ analytic solutions instead of trivial embeddings of $SU(2)$ into $SU(3)$ and its geometry is that of a Bianchi IX Universe. The Skyrme ansatz is chosen in such a way that the Skyrme field equations are identically satisfied in the sector with Baryon charge 4. The field equations reduce to a dynamical system for the three Bianchi IX scale factors. Particular solutions are explicitly analyzed. Traversable wormholes with NUT-AdS asymptotics supported by a topologically non-trivial $SU(3)$-sigma soliton are also constructed. The self-gravitating solutions admit also a suitable flat limit giving rise to Skyrmions of charge 4 confined in a box of finite volume maintaining the integrability of the $SU(3)$ Skyrme field equations. This formalism discloses a novel transition at finite Baryon density arising from the competition between embedded and non-embedded solutions in which the non-embedded solutions prevail at high density while are suppressed at low densities.

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arXiv2019

Microscopic entropy of higher-dimensional nonminimally dressed Lifshitz black holes

In arbitrary dimension, we consider a theory described by the most general quadratic curvature corrections of Einstein gravity together with a self-interacting nonminimally coupled scalar field. This theory is shown to admit five different families of Lifshitz black holes dressed with a nontrivial scalar field. The entropy of these configurations is microscopically computed by means of a higher-dimensional anisotropic Cardy-like formula where the role of the ground state is played by the soliton obtained through a double analytic continuation. This involves to calculate the correct expressions for the masses of the higher-dimensional Lifshitz black hole as well as their corresponding soliton. The robustness of this Cardy-like formula is checked by showing that the microscopic entropy is in perfect agreement with the gravitational Wald entropy. Consequently, the calculated global charges are compatible with the first law of thermodynamics. We also verify that all the configurations satisfy an anisotropic higher-dimensional version of the Smarr formula.

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arXiv2018

Exact ghost-free bigravitational waves

We study the propagation of exact gravitational waves in the ghost-free bimetric theory. Our focus is on type N spacetimes compatible with the cosmological constants provided by the bigravity interaction potential, and particularly in the single class known by allowing at least a Killing symmetry: the AdS waves. They have the advantage of being represented by a generalized Kerr-Schild transformation from AdS spacetime. This means a notorious simplification in bigravity by allowing to straightforwardly compute any power of its interaction square root matrix, opening the door to explore physically meaningful exact configurations. For these exact gravitational waves the complex dynamical structure of bigravity decomposes into elementary exact massless or massive excitations propagating on AdS. We use a complexified formulation of the Euler-Darboux equations to provide for the first time the general solutions to the massive version of the Siklos equation which rules the resulting AdS-waves dynamics, using an integral representation originally due to Poisson. Inspired in this progress we tackle the subtle problem on how matter couples to bigravity and concretely if this occurs through a composite metric, which is hard to handle in a general setting. Surprisingly, the Kerr-Schild ansatz brings again a huge simplification in how the related energy-momentum tensors are calculated. This allows us to explicitly characterize AdS waves supported in one case by a massless free scalar field and by a wavefront-homogeneous Maxwell field in another. Considering the most general allowed Maxwell source instead is a highly nontrivial task, that we accomplish by exploiting again the complexified Euler-Darboux description and taking advantage of the classical Riemann method. In fact, this allow us to find at the end the most general configurations for any matter source.

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arXiv2018

Cosmological stealths with nonconformal couplings

In this paper we reconsider the existence of stealth fields during the evolution of our Universe by admitting more realistic nonminimal couplings to gravity than the conformal one. In the framework of the FRW cosmology we found that inhomogeneous stealths, as those enabled in the conformal case, are only allowed in de Sitter backgrounds. In particular, it is shown that the homogeneous stealths resulting from nonconformal couplings can coexist with each kind of matter dominant in the several phases characterizing the evolution of our Universe according to the $Λ$CDM model.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2017

On the Residual Symmetries of the Gravitational Field

We develop a geometric criterion that unambiguously characterizes and also provides a systematic and effective computational procedure for finding all the residual symmetries of any gravitational Ansatz . We apply the criterion to several examples starting with the Collinson Ansatz for circular stationary axisymmetric spacetimes. We reproduce the residual symmetries already known for this Ansatz including their conformal symmetry, for which we identify the corresponding infinite generators spanning the two related copies of the Witt algebra. We also consider the noncircular generalization of this Ansatz and show how the noncircular contributions on the one hand break the conformal invariance and on the other hand enhance the standard translations symmetries of the circular Killing vectors to supertranslations depending on the direction along which the circularity is lost. As another application of the method, the well-known relation defining conjugate gravitational potentials introduced by Chandrasekhar, that makes possible the derivation of the Kerr black hole from a trivial solution of the Ernst equations, is deduced as a special point of the general residual symmetry of the Papapetrou Ansatz. We emphasize how the election of Weyl coordinates, which determines the Papapetrou Ansatz, breaks also the conformal freedom of the stationary axisymmetric spacetimes. Additionally, we study AdS waves for any dimension generalizing the residual symmetries already known for lower dimensions and exhibiting a very complex infinite-dimensional Lie algebra containing three families: two of them span the semidirect sum of the Witt algebra and scalar supertranslations and the third generates vector supertranslations. We manage to comprehend that the infinite connected group is the precise diffeomorphisms subgroup allowing to locally deform the AdS background into AdS waves.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2017

(Super-)renormalizably dressed black holes

Black holes supported by self-interacting conformal scalar fields can be considered as renormalizably dressed since the conformal potential is nothing but the top power-counting renormalizable self-interaction in the relevant dimension. On the other hand, potentials defined by powers which are lower than the conformal one are also phenomenologically relevant since they are in fact super-renormalizable. In this work we provide a new map that allows to build black holes dressed with all the (super-)renormalizable contributions starting from known conformal seeds. We explicitly construct several new examples of these solutions in dimensions $D=3$ and $D=4$, including not only stationary configurations but also time-dependent ones.

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arXiv2017

Rotating (A)dS black holes in bigravity

In this paper we explore the advantage of using the Kerr-Schild Ansatz in the search of analytic configurations to bigravity. It turns out that it plays a crucial role by providing means to straightforwardly calculate the square root matrix encoding the interaction terms between both gravities. We rederive in this spirit the Babichev-Fabbri family of asymptotically flat rotating black holes with the aid of an emerging circularity theorem. Taking into account that the interaction terms contain by default two cosmological constants, we repeat our approach starting from the more natural seeds for the Kerr-Schild Ansatz in this context: the (A)dS spacetimes. As result, we show that a couple of Kerr-(A)dS black holes constitute an exact solution to ghost free bigravity. These black holes share the same angular momentum and (A)dS radius but their masses are not constrained to be equal, similarly to the asymptotically flat case.

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arXiv2017

Role of symmetries in the Kerr-Schild derivation of the Kerr black hole

In this work we explore the consequences of considering from the very beginning the stationary and axisymmetric properties of the Kerr black hole as one attempts to derive this solution through the Kerr-Schild ansatz. The first consequence is kinematical and is based on a new stationary and axisymmetric version of the Kerr theorem that yields to the precise shear-free and geodesic null congruence of flat spacetime characterizing the Kerr solution. A straightforward advantage of this strategy is that now the parameter $a$ appears naturally as associated to the conserved angular momentum of the geodesics due to axisymmetry. The second consequence is dynamical and takes into account the circularity theorem. In fact, a stationary-axisymmetric Kerr-Schild ansatz is in general incompatible with the circularity property warranted by vacuum Einstein equations unless the remaining angular dependence in the Kerr-Schild profile appears fixed in a precise way. Thanks to these two ingredients, the integration of the Einstein equations reduces to a simple ordinary differential equation on the radial dependence, whose integration constant is precisely the mass $m$. This derivation of the Kerr solution is simple but rigorous, and it may be suitable for any textbook.

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arXiv2015

Towards the uniqueness of Lifshitz black holes and solitons in New Massive Gravity

We prove that the z=1 and z=3 Lifshitz black hole solutions of New Massive Gravity in three dimensions are the only static axisymmetric solutions that can be cast in a Kerr-Schild form with a seed metric given by the Lifshitz spacetime. Correspondingly, we study the issue of uniqueness of Lifshitz solitons when considering an ansatz involving a single metric function. We show this problem can be mapped to the previous one and that the z=1 and z=1/3 Lifshitz soliton solutions are the only ones within this class. Finally, our approach suggests for the first time an explanation as to what is special about those particular values of the dynamical critical exponent z at finite temperature.

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arXiv2015

Stealths on Anisotropic Holographic Backgrounds

In this paper, we are interested in exploring the existence of stealth configurations on anisotropic backgrounds playing a prominent role in the non-relativistic version of the gauge/gravity correspondence. By stealth configuration, we mean a nontrivial scalar field nonminimally coupled to gravity whose energy-momentum tensor evaluated on the anisotropic background vanishes identically. In the case of a Lifshitz spacetime with a nontrivial dynamical exponent z, we spotlight the role played by the anisotropy to establish the holographic character of the stealth configurations, i.e. the scalar field is shown to only depend on the radial holographic direction. This configuration which turns out to be massless and without integration constants is possible for a unique value of the nonminimal coupling parameter. Then, using a simple conformal argument, we map this configuration into a stealth solution defined on the so-called hyperscaling violation metric which is conformally related to the Lifshitz spacetime. This holographic configuration obtained through a conformal mapping constitutes only a particular class within the stealth solutions defined on the hyperscaling violation as it is shown by deriving the most general stealth configurations. The case of the Schrodinger background is also exhaustively analyzed and we establish that the presence of the null direction makes their stealth configurations not necessarily holographic in general and characterized by a self-interacting behavior. Finally, for completeness we also study the stealth configurations on the Schrodinger inspired hyperscaling violation spacetimes.

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