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Eloy Rodríguez

Publications and source records attributed to Eloy Rodríguez.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

Asteroseismic analysis of RY Leporis: the post-main sequence HADS in a binary system

We present a comprehensive study of the pulsating primary component of the long-period binary system RY Lep. The spectral energy distribution and the absence of detectable lines indicate that the companion is likely a white dwarf. Atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances were determined from a high-resolution spectrum obtained with the the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). The spectroscopic analysis reveals an underabundance of iron-group elements and an enhancement of neutron-capture elements, including barium and europium, with an overall metallicity of [m/H]$\approx -0.4$. In the next step, we performed the first Fourier analysis of long-term photometric data from ASAS, SuperWASP, and TESS. In the TESS observations, we identify several additional frequencies not present in the ground-based data. The dominant frequency at 4.4415 d$^{-1}$ is identified as a radial mode, most likely the first radial overtone. Finally, seismic modeling of RY Lep was carried out by fitting the dominant mode together with the secondary frequency at 6.5991 d$^{-1}$, considering two possible identification for the latter: the third radial overtone or a dipole mode. Bayesian inference based on Monte Carlo simulations yields a stellar mass of $\sim 2.0 $M$_\odot$ and an age of $\sim 730$ Myr. All viable seismic models place RY Lep in the hydrogen shell-burning evolutionary phase, with a metallicity consistent with the spectroscopic determination.

astro-ph.SR

A transiting, temperate mini-Neptune orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1759 unveiled by TESS

We report the discovery and characterization of TOI-1759~b, a temperate (400 K) sub-Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the M~dwarf TOI-1759 (TIC 408636441). TOI-1759 b was observed by TESS to transit on sectors 16, 17 and 24, with only one transit observed per sector, creating an ambiguity on the orbital period of the planet candidate. Ground-based photometric observations, combined with radial-velocity measurements obtained with the CARMENES spectrograph, confirm an actual period of $18.85019 \pm 0.00014$ d. A joint analysis of all available photometry and radial velocities reveal a radius of $3.17 \pm 0.10\,R_\oplus$ and a mass of $10.8 \pm 1.5\,M_\oplus$. Combining this with the stellar properties derived for TOI-1759 ($R_\star = 0.597 \pm 0.015\,R_\odot$; $M_\star = 0.606 \pm 0.020\,M_\odot$; $T_{\textrm{eff}} = 4065 \pm 51$ K), we compute a transmission spectroscopic metric (TSM) value of over 80 for the planet, making it a good target for transmission spectroscopy studies. TOI-1759 b is among the top five temperate, small exoplanets ($T_\textrm{eq} < 500$ K, $R_p < 4 \,R_\oplus$) with the highest TSM discovered to date. Two additional signals with periods of 80 d and $>$ 200 d seem to be present in our radial velocities. While our data suggest both could arise from stellar activity, the later signal's source and periodicity are hard to pinpoint given the $\sim 200$ d baseline of our radial-velocity campaign with CARMENES. Longer baseline radial-velocity campaigns should be performed in order to unveil the true nature of this long period signal.

astro-ph.EP

Monitoring the radio emission of Proxima Centauri

We present results from the most comprehensive radio monitoring campaign towards the closest star to our Sun, Proxima Centauri. We report 1.1 to 3.1 GHz observations with the Australian Telescope Compact Array over 18 consecutive days in April 2017. We detect radio emission from Proxima Centauri for most of the observing sessions, which spanned $\sim$1.6 orbital periods of the planet Proxima b. The radio emission is stronger at the low-frequency band, centered around 1.6 GHz, and is consistent with the expected electron-cyclotron frequency for the known star's magnetic field intensity of about 600 Gauss. The 1.6 GHz light curve shows an emission pattern that is consistent with the orbital period of the planet Proxima b around the star Proxima, with its maxima of emission happening near the quadratures. We also observed two short-duration (a few minutes) flares and a long-duration (about three days) burst whose peaks happened close to the quadratures. We find that the frequency, large degree of circular polarization, change of the sign of circular polarization, and intensity of the observed radio emission are all consistent with expectations from electron cyclotron-maser emission arising from sub-Alfvénic star-planet interaction. We interpret our radio observations as signatures of interaction between the planet Proxima b and its host star Proxima. We advocate for monitoring other dwarf stars with planets to eventually reveal periodic radio emission due to star-planet interaction, thus opening a new avenue for exoplanet hunting and the study of a new field of exoplanet-star plasma interaction.

astro-ph.SR

Identification and Mitigation of a Vibrational Telescope Systematic with Application to Spitzer

We observed Proxima Centauri with the Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) five times in 2016 and 2017 to search for transits of Proxima Centauri b. Following standard analysis procedures, we found three asymmetric, transit-like events that are now understood to be vibrational systematics. This systematic is correlated with the width of the point-response function (PRF), which we measure with rotated and non-rotated Gaussian fits with respect to the detecor array. We show that the systematic can be removed with a novel application of an adaptive elliptical-aperture photometry technique, and compare the performance of this technique with fixed and variable circular-aperture photometry, using both BiLinearly Interpolated Subpixel Sensitivity (BLISS) maps and non-binned Pixel-Level Decorrelation (PLD). With BLISS maps, elliptical photometry results in a lower standard deviation of normalized residuals, and reduced or similar correlated noise when compared to circular apertures. PLD prefers variable, circular apertures, but generally results in more correlated noise than BLISS. This vibrational effect is likely present in other telescopes and Spitzer observations, where correction could improve results. Our elliptical apertures can be applied to any photometry observations, and may be even more effective when applied to more circular PRFs than Spitzer's.

astro-ph.IM

Proxima Centauri b is not a transiting exoplanet

We report Spitzer Space Telescope observations during predicted transits of the exoplanet Proxima Centauri b. As the nearest terrestrial habitable-zone planet we will ever discover, any potential transit of Proxima b would place strong constraints on its radius, bulk density, and atmosphere. Subsequent transmission spectroscopy and secondary-eclipse measurements could then probe the atmospheric chemistry, physical processes, and orbit, including a search for biosignatures. However, our photometric results rule out planetary transits at the 200~ppm level at 4.5$~μm$, yielding a 3$σ$ upper radius limit of 0.4~$R_\rm{\oplus}$ (Earth radii). Previous claims of possible transits from optical ground- and space-based photometry were likely correlated noise in the data from Proxima Centauri's frequent flaring. Follow-up observations should focus on planetary radio emission, phase curves, and direct imaging. Our study indicates dramatically reduced stellar activity at near-to-mid infrared wavelengths, compared to the optical. Proxima b is an ideal target for space-based infrared telescopes, if their instruments can be configured to handle Proxima's brightness.

astro-ph.EP

A Pulsational Time-evolution Study for the $δ$ Scuti Star AN Lyncis

This paper presents a large amount of observations for the $δ$ Scuti star AN Lyncis carried out in 2001--2012. The extensive observations include two tri-continent campaigns coordinated in 2002 and 2011, respectively, and several single-site contributions throughout the period. The data in total have more than 104100 raw CCD frames and photoelectric records, which consist of 165 nights (about 816 hours) spanning over 3778 days. The final reduced light curves have more than 26500 data points (including those 3462 unpublished BYU data), from which we determined 306 new timings of maximum light. A time-dependent behaviour study based on all available data indicates cyclic amplitude variability as well as period change [for the main periodicity]. Orbital sinusoid fittings to $(O-C)$ residuals and pulsation amplitudes may account for their variations being caused by the light-time effect of AN Lyn in a binary system. The orbital period is about 26--30 years. Current results support the binarity of AN Lyn, first suspected by Zhou (2002). We further show the detailed time evolution structure of the pulsation of AN Lyn as function of both time and period through wavelet analyses.

astro-ph.SR

A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri

At a distance of 1.295 parsecs, the red-dwarf Proxima Centauri ($α$ Centauri C, GL 551, HIP 70890, or simply Proxima) is the Sun's closest stellar neighbor and one of the best studied low-mass stars. It has an effective temperature of only $\sim$ 3050 K, a luminosity of $\sim$0.1 per cent solar, a measured radius of 0.14 R$_\odot$ and a mass of about 12 per cent the mass of the Sun. Although Proxima is considered a moderately active star, its rotation period is $\sim$ 83 days, and its quiescent activity levels and X-ray luminosity are comparable to the Sun's. New observations reveal the presence of a small planet orbiting Proxima with a minimum mass of 1.3~Earth masses and an orbital period of $\sim$11.2 days. Its orbital semi-major axis is $\sim0.05$ AU, with an equilibrium temperature in the range where water could be liquid on its surface.

astro-ph.EP