arXiv subjects

Emil Bjornson

Publications and source records attributed to Emil Bjornson.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Fundamental Asymptotic Behavior of (Two-User) Distributed Massive MIMO

This paper considers the uplink of a distributed Massive MIMO network where $N$ base stations (BSs), each equipped with $M$ antennas, receive data from $K=2$ users. We study the asymptotic spectral efficiency (as $M\to \infty$) with spatial correlated channels, pilot contamination, and different degrees of channel state information (CSI) and statistical knowledge at the BSs. By considering a two-user setup, we can simply derive fundamental asymptotic behaviors and provide novel insights into the structure of the optimal combining schemes. In line with [1], when global CSI is available at all BSs, the optimal minimum-mean squared error combining has an unbounded capacity as $M\to \infty$, if the global channel covariance matrices of the users are asymptotically linearly independent. This result is instrumental to derive a suboptimal combining scheme that provides unbounded capacity as $M\to \infty$ using only local CSI and global channel statistics. The latter scheme is shown to outperform a generalized matched filter scheme, which also achieves asymptotic unbounded capacity by using only local CSI and global channel statistics, but is derived following [2] on the basis of a more conservative capacity bound.

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arXiv2018

QoE-Aware Beamforming Design for Massive MIMO Heterogeneous Networks

One of the main goals of the future wireless networks is improving the users quality of experience (QoE). In this paper, we consider the problem of QoE-based resource allocation in the downlink of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) heterogeneous network (HetNet). The network consists of a macro cell with a number of small cells embedded in it. The small cells base stations (BSs) are equipped with a few antennas, while the macro BS is equipped with a massive number of antennas. We consider the two services Video and Web Browsing and design the beamforming vectors at the BSs. The objective is to maximize the aggregated Mean Opinion Score (MOS) of the users under constraints on the BSs powers and the required quality of service (QoS) of the users. We also consider extra constraints on the QoE of users to more strongly enforce the QoE in the beamforming design. To reduce the complexity of the optimization problem, we suggest suboptimal and computationally efficient solutions. Our results illustrate that increasing the number of antennas at the BSs and also increasing the number of small cells antennas in the network leads to a higher user satisfaction.

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arXiv2016

Spatio-Temporal Waveform Design for Multi-user Massive MIMO Downlink with 1-bit Receivers

Internet-of-Things (IoT) refers to a high-density network of low-cost low-bitrate terminals and sensors where also low energy consumption is one central feature. As the power-budget of classical receiver chains is dominated by the high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), there is a growing interest towards deploying receiver architectures with reduced-bit or even 1-bit ADCs. In this paper, we study waveform design, optimization and detection aspects of multi-user massive MIMO downlink where user terminals adopt very simple 1-bit ADCs with oversampling. In order to achieve spectral efficiency higher than 1 bit/s/Hz per real-dimension, we propose a two-stage precoding, namely a novel quantization precoder followed by maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) or zero-forcing (ZF) type spatial channel precoder which jointly form the multi-user-multiantenna transmit waveform. The quantization precoder outputs are optimized, under appropriate transmitter and receiver filter bandwidth constraints, to provide controlled inter-symbol-interference (ISI) enabling the input symbols to be uniquely detected from 1-bit quantized observations with a low-complexity symbol detector in the absence of noise. An additional optimization constraint is also imposed in the quantization precoder design to increase the robustness against noise and residual inter-user-interference (IUI). The purpose of the spatial channel precoder, in turn, is to suppress the IUI and provide high beamforming gains such that good symbol-error rates (SERs) can be achieved in the presence of noise and interference. Extensive numerical evaluations illustrate that the proposed spatio-temporal precoder based multiantenna waveform design can facilitate good multi-user link performance, despite the extremely simple 1-bit ADCs in the receivers, hence being one possible enabling technology for the future low-complexity IoT networks.

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arXiv2016

Random Access for Massive MIMO Systems with Intra-Cell Pilot Contamination

Massive MIMO systems, where the base stations are equipped with hundreds of antenna elements, are an attractive way to attain unprecedented spectral efficiency in future wireless networks. In the "classical" massive MIMO setting, the terminals are assumed fully loaded and a main impairment to the performance comes from the inter-cell pilot contamination, i.e., interference from terminals in neighboring cells using the same pilots as in the home cell. However, when the terminals are active intermittently, it is viable to avoid inter-cell contamination by pre-allocation of pilots, while same-cell terminals use random access to select the allocated pilot sequences. This leads to the problem of intra-cell pilot contamination. We propose a framework for random access in massive MIMO networks and derive new uplink sum rate expressions that take intra-cell pilot collisions, intermittent terminal activity, and interference into account. We use these expressions to optimize the terminal activation probability and pilot length.

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arXiv2015

Large System Analysis of the Energy Consumption Distribution in Multi-User MIMO Systems with Mobility

In this work, we consider the downlink of a single-cell multi-user MIMO system in which the base station (BS) makes use of $N$ antennas to communicate with $K$ single-antenna user equipments (UEs). The UEs move around in the cell according to a random walk mobility model. We aim at determining the energy consumption distribution when different linear precoding techniques are used at the BS to guarantee target rates within a finite time interval $T$. The analysis is conducted in the asymptotic regime where $N$ and $K$ grow large with fixed ratio under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI). Both recent and standard results from large system analysis are used to provide concise formulae for the asymptotic transmit powers and beamforming vectors for all considered schemes. These results are eventually used to provide a deterministic approximation of the energy consumption and to study its fluctuations around this value in the form of a central limit theorem. Closed-form expressions for the asymptotic means and variances are given. Numerical results are used to validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and to make comparisons. We show how the results can be used to approximate the probability that a battery-powered BS runs out of energy and also to design the cell radius for minimizing the energy consumption per unit area. The imperfect CSI case is also briefly considered.

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arXiv2014

Optimal Linear Precoding in Multi-User MIMO Systems: A Large System Analysis

We consider the downlink of a single-cell multi-user MIMO system in which the base station makes use of $N$ antennas to communicate with $K$ single-antenna user equipments (UEs) randomly positioned in the coverage area. In particular, we focus on the problem of designing the optimal linear precoding for minimizing the total power consumption while satisfying a set of target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs). To gain insights into the structure of the optimal solution and reduce the computational complexity for its evaluation, we analyze the asymptotic regime where $N$ and $K$ grow large with a given ratio and make use of recent results from large system analysis to compute the asymptotic solution. Then, we concentrate on the asymptotically design of heuristic linear precoding techniques. Interestingly, it turns out that the regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoder is equivalent to the optimal one when the ratio between the SINR requirement and the average channel attenuation is the same for all UEs. If this condition does not hold true but only the same SINR constraint is imposed for all UEs, then the RZF can be modified to still achieve optimality if statistical information of the UE positions is available at the BS. Numerical results are used to evaluate the performance gap in the finite system regime and to make comparisons among the precoding techniques.

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arXiv2014

Energy Consumption in multi-user MIMO systems: Impact of user mobility

In this work, we consider the downlink of a single-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output system in which zero-forcing precoding is used at the base station (BS) to serve a certain number of user equipments (UEs). A fixed data rate is guaranteed at each UE. The UEs move around in the cell according to a Brownian motion, thus the path losses change over time and the energy consumption fluctuates accordingly. We aim at determining the distribution of the energy consumption. To this end, we analyze the asymptotic regime where the number of antennas at the BS and the number of UEs grow large with a given ratio. It turns out that the energy consumption is asymptotically a Gaussian random variable whose mean and variance are derived analytically. These results can, for example, be used to approximate the probability that a battery-powered BS runs out of energy within a certain time period.

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