arXiv subjects

Emily Wisnioski

Publications and source records attributed to Emily Wisnioski.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2025

The MAGPI Survey: the subtle role of environment and not-so-subtle impact of generations of stars on galaxy dynamics

The stellar age and mass of galaxies have been suggested as the primary determinants for the dynamical state of galaxies, with environment seemingly playing no or only a very minor role. We use a sample of 77 galaxies at intermediate redshift (z~0.3) in the Middle-Ages Galaxies Properties with Integral field spectroscopy (MAGPI) Survey to study the subtle impact of environment on galaxy dynamics. We use a combination of statistical techniques (simple and partial correlations and principal component analysis) to isolate the contribution of environment on galaxy dynamics, while explicitly accounting for known factors such as stellar age, star formation histories and stellar masses. We consider these dynamical parameters: high-order kinematics of the line-of-sight velocity distribution (parametrised by the Gauss-Hermite coefficients $h_3$ and $h_4$), kinematic asymmetries $V_{\rm asym}$ derived using kinemetry and the observational spin parameter proxy $λ_{R_e}$. Of these, the mean $h_4$ is the only parameter found to have a significant correlation with environment as parametrised by group dynamical mass. This correlation exists even after accounting for age and stellar mass trends. Finally, we confirm that variations in the spin parameter $λ_{R_e}$ are most strongly (anti-)correlated with age as seen in local studies, and show that this dependence is well-established by z~0.3.

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arXiv2025

An ESO-SKAO Synergistic Approach to Galaxy Formation and Evolution Studies

We highlight the potential benefits of a synergistic use of SKAO and ESO facilities for galaxy evolution studies, focusing on the role that ESO spectroscopic surveys can play in supporting next-generation radio continuum and atomic hydrogen (HI) surveys. More specifically we illustrate the role that currently available or soon to be operational ESO multiplex spectrographs can play for three classes of projects: large/deep redshift survey campaigns, integral field unit/Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (IFU/ALMA) surveys of selected regions of sky, and IFU/ALMA follow-ups of selected samples. We conclude with some general recommendations for an efficient joint exploitation of ESO-SKAO surveys.

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arXiv2024

Comparing metallicity correlations in nearby non-AGN and AGN-host galaxies

The gas-phase metallicity distribution within galaxies records critical information about galactic evolution. In this work we investigate how active galactic nuclei (AGN) influence this distribution by measuring the two-point correlation functions of gas-phase metallicity in 95 non-AGN and 37 AGN-host galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area integral field spectrographic survey. We measure metallicity using a novel Bayesian method that properly includes both stellar and AGN contributions to emission line fluxes and allows us to measure metallicities in both AGN-host and non-AGN galaxies in a single, consistent framework. We find that the two-point correlation functions of both AGN-host and non-AGN galaxies are well-fit by a simple injection-diffusion model, and that the correlation lengths $l_\mathrm{corr}$ we derive for the non-AGN galaxies are reasonably consistent with those obtained in earlier work. The AGN-host galaxies generally have smaller $l_\mathrm{corr}$ than non-AGN galaxies at fixed stellar mass, but similar $l_\mathrm{corr}$ at fixed star formation rate (SFR), suggesting that the primary effect of hosting an AGN in this sample is a reduction in SFR at fixed stellar mass, and that this in turn suppresses the correlation length. Our findings further indicate that, while both SFR and stellar mass are positively correlated with metallicity correlation length $l_\mathrm{corr}$, the former is more fundamental, implying that fluctuations in the metallicity distribution within galaxies are driven more by short-term responses to physical processes such as star formation that can change much faster than a Hubble time.

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arXiv2024

The MAGPI Survey: radial trends in star formation across different cosmological simulations in comparison with observations at $z \sim$ 0.3

We investigate the internal and external mechanisms that regulate and quench star formation (SF) in galaxies at $z \sim 0.3$ using MAGPI observations and the EAGLE, Magneticum, and IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations. Using SimSpin to generate mock observations of simulated galaxies, we match detection/resolution limits in star formation rates and stellar mass, along with MAGPI observational details including the average point spread function and pixel scale. While we find a good agreement in the slope of the global star-forming main sequence (SFMS) between MAGPI observations and all three simulations, the slope of the resolved SFMS does not agree within 1 $-$ 2$σ$. Furthermore, in radial SF trends, good agreement between observations and simulations exists only for galaxies far below the SFMS, where we capture evidence for inside-out quenching. The simulations overall agree with each other between $\sim1.5-4 \ R_{\rm e}$ but show varying central suppression within $R \sim 1.5 \ R_{\rm e}$ for galaxies on and below the SFMS, attributable to different AGN feedback prescriptions. All three simulations show similar dependencies of SF radial trends with environment. Central galaxies are subject to both internal and external mechanisms, showing increased SF suppression in the centre with increasing halo mass, indicating AGN feedback. Satellite galaxies display increasing suppression in the outskirts as halo mass increases, indicative of environmental processes. These results demonstrate the power of spatially resolved studies of galaxies; while global properties align, radial profiles reveal discrepancies between observations and simulations and their underlying physics.

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arXiv2024

The spatially resolved relation between dust, gas, and metal abundance with the TYPHOON survey

We present the spatially resolved relationship between the dust-to-gas mass ratio (DGR) and gas-phase metallicity (Zgas or 12+log(O/H)) (i.e., DGR-Zgas relation) of 11 nearby galaxies with a large metallicity range (1.5 dex of 12+log(O/H)) at (sub-)kpc scales. We used the large field-of-view (> 3') optical pseudo-Integral Field Spectroscopy data taken by the TYPHOON/PrISM survey, covering the optical size of galaxies, combining them with multi-wavelength data (far-UV to far-IR, CO, and HI 21 cm radio). A large scatter of DGR in the intermediate metallicity galaxies (8.0 < 12+log(O/H) < 8.3) is found, which is in line with dust evolution models, where grain growth begins to dominate the mechanism of dust mass accumulation. In the lowest metallicity galaxy of our sample, Sextans A (12+log(O/H) < 7.6), the star-forming regions have significantly higher DGR values (by 0.5-2 dex) than the global estimates from literature at the same metallicity but aligns with the DGR values from metal depletion method from Damped Lyman Alpha systems and high hydrogen gas density regions of Sextans A. Using dust evolution models with a Bayesian MCMC approach suggests: 1) a high SN dust yield and 2) a negligible amount of photofragmentation by UV radiation, although we note that our sample in the low-metallicity regime is limited to Sextans A. On the other hand, it is also possible that while metallicity influences DGR, gas density also plays a role, indicating an early onset of dust grain growth in the dust mass build-up process despite its low metallicity.

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arXiv2024

Quantifying azimuthal variations within the interstellar medium of z ~ 0 spiral galaxies with the TYPHOON survey

Most star formation in the local Universe occurs in spiral galaxies, but their origin remains an unanswered question. Various theories have been proposed to explain the development of spiral arms, each predicting different spatial distributions of the interstellar medium. This study maps the star formation rate (SFR) and gas-phase metallicity of nine spiral galaxies with the TYPHOON survey to test two dominating theories: density wave theory and dynamic spiral theory. We discuss the environmental effects on our galaxies, considering reported environments and merging events. Taking advantage of the large field of view covering the entire optical disk, we quantify the fluctuation of SFR and metallicity relative to the azimuthal distance from the spiral arms. We find higher SFR and metallicity in the trailing edge of NGC~1365 (by 0.117~dex and 0.068~dex, respectively) and NGC~1566 (by 0.119~dex and 0.037~dex, respectively), which is in line with density wave theory. NGC~2442 shows a different result with higher metallicity (0.093~dex) in the leading edge, possibly attributed to an ongoing merging. The other six spiral galaxies show no statistically significant offset in SFR or metallicity, consistent with dynamic spiral theory. We also compare the behaviour of metallicity inside and outside the co-rotation radius (CR) of NGC~1365 and NGC~1566. We find comparable metallicity fluctuations near and beyond the CR of NGC~1365, indicating gravitational perturbation. NGC~1566 shows the greatest fluctuation near the CR, in line with the analytic spiral arms. Our work highlights that a combination of mechanisms explains the origin of spiral features in the local Universe.

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arXiv2024

The MAGPI Survey: Orbital distributions, intrinsic shapes, and mass profiles for MAGPI-like Eagle galaxies using Schwarzschild dynamical models

Schwarzschild dynamical models are now regularly employed in large surveys of galaxies in the local and distant Universe to derive information on galaxies' intrinsic properties such as their orbital structure and their (dark matter and stellar) mass distribution. Comparing the internal orbital structures and mass distributions of galaxies in the distant Universe with simulations is key to understanding what physical processes are responsible for shaping galaxy properties. However it is first crucial to understand whether observationally derived properties are directly comparable with intrinsic ones in simulations. To assess this, we build Schwarzschild dynamical models for MUSE-like IFS cubes (constructed to be like those obtained by the MAGPI survey) of 75 galaxies at z ~ 0.3 from the Eagle simulations. We compare the true particle-derived properties with the galaxies' model-derived properties. In general, we find that the models can recover the true galaxy properties qualitatively well, with the exception of the enclosed dark matter, where we find a median offset of 48%, which is due to the assumed NFW profile not being able to reproduce the dark matter distribution in the inner region of the galaxies. We then compare our model-derived properties with Schwarzschild models-derived properties of observed MAGPI galaxies and find good agreement between MAGPI and Eagle: the majority of our galaxies (57%) have non-oblate shapes within 1 effective radius. More triaxial galaxies show higher fractions of hot orbits in their inner regions and tend to be more radially anisotropic.

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arXiv2024

Galaxy kinematics and mass estimates at $z\sim1$ from ionised gas and stars

We compare ionised gas and stellar kinematics of 16 star-forming galaxies ($\log(M_\star/M_\odot)=9.7-11.2$, SFR=6-86 $M_\odot/yr$) at $z\sim1$ using near-infrared integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of H$α$ emission from the KMOS$^{\rm 3D}$ survey and optical slit spectroscopy of stellar absorption and gas emission from the LEGA-C survey. H$α$ is dynamically colder than stars, with higher disc rotation velocities (by ~45 per cent) and lower disc velocity dispersions (by a factor ~2). This is similar to trends observed in the local Universe. We find higher rotational support for H$α$ relative to [OII], potentially explaining systematic offsets in kinematic scaling relations found in the literature. Regarding dynamical mass measurements, for six galaxies with cumulative mass profiles from Jeans Anisotropic Multi-Gaussian Expansion (JAM) models the H$α$ dynamical mass models agree remarkably well out to ~10 kpc for all but one galaxy (average $ΔM_{\rm dyn}(R_{e,\rm F814W})<0.1$ dex). Simpler dynamical mass estimates based on integrated stellar velocity dispersion are less accurate (standard deviation 0.24 dex). Differences in dynamical mass estimates are larger, for example, for galaxies with stronger misalignments of the H$α$ kinematic major axis and the photometric position angle, highlighting the added value of IFS observations for dynamics studies. The good agreement between the JAM models and the dynamical models based on H$α$ kinematics at $z\sim1$ corroborates the validity of dynamical mass measurements from H$α$ IFS observations also for higher redshift rotating disc galaxies.

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arXiv2024

The MAGPI Survey: the evolution and drivers of gas turbulence in intermediate-redshift galaxies

We measure the ionised gas velocity dispersions of star-forming galaxies in the MAGPI survey ($z\sim0.3$) and compare them with galaxies in the SAMI ($z\sim0.05$) and KROSS ($z\sim1$) surveys to investigate how the ionised gas velocity dispersion evolves. For the first time, we use a consistent method that forward models galaxy kinematics from $z=0$ to $z=1$. This method accounts for spatial substructure in emission line flux and beam smearing. We investigate the correlation between gas velocity dispersion and galaxy properties to understand the mechanisms that drive gas turbulence. We find that in both MAGPI and SAMI galaxies, the gas velocity dispersion more strongly correlates with the star-formation rate surface density ($Σ_{\rm SFR}$) than with a variety of other physical properties, and the average gas velocity dispersion is similar, at the same $Σ_{\rm SFR}$, for SAMI, MAGPI and KROSS galaxies. The results indicate that mechanisms related to $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ could be the dominant driver of gas turbulence from $z\sim1$ to $z\sim0$, for example, stellar feedback and/or gravitational instability. The gas velocity dispersion of MAGPI galaxies is also correlated with the non-rotational motion of the gas, illustrating that in addition to star-formation feedback, gas transportation and accretion may also contribute to the gas velocity dispersion for galaxies at $z\sim 0.3$. KROSS galaxies only have a moderate correlation between gas velocity dispersion and $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ and a higher scatter of gas velocity dispersion with respect to $Σ_{\rm SFR}$, in agreement with the suggestion that other mechanisms, such as gas transportation and accretion, are relatively more important at higher redshift galaxies.

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arXiv2024

The MAGPI Survey: Massive slow rotator population in place by $z \sim 0.3$

We use the `Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral field spectroscopy' (MAGPI) survey to investigate whether galaxies have evolved in the distribution of their stellar angular momentum in the past 3-4 Gyr, as probed by the observational proxy for spin, $λ_{R}$. We use 2D stellar kinematics to measure $λ_{R}$ along with detailed photometric models to estimate galaxy ellipticity. The combination of these measurements quantifies the kinematic classes of `fast rotators' and the rarer `slow rotators', which show no regular rotation in their line-of-sight velocity fields. We compare 51 MAGPI galaxies with $\log_{10} (M_{\star}/\mathrm{M}_\odot) > 10$ to carefully drawn samples of MaNGA galaxies in the local Universe, selected to represent possible descendants of the MAGPI progenitors. The EAGLE simulations are used to identify possible evolutionary pathways between the two samples, explicitly accounting for progenitor bias in our results and the varied evolutionary pathways a galaxy might take between the two epochs. We find that the occurrence of slow rotating galaxies is unchanged between the MAGPI ($z \sim 0.3$) and MaNGA ($z \sim 0$) samples, suggesting the massive slow rotator population was already in place $\sim 4$ Gyr ago and has not accumulated since. There is a hint of the MAGPI sample having an excess of high $λ_{R}$ galaxies compared to the MaNGA sample, corresponding to more ordered rotation, but statistically the samples are not significantly different. The large-scale stellar kinematics, as quantified through the $λ_{R}$ parameter, of galaxies at $z \sim 0.3$ have already evolved into the diversity of structures seen today in the local Universe.

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arXiv2024

The MAGPI Survey: Evolution of radial trends in star formation activity across cosmic time

Using adaptive optics with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey allows us to study the spatially resolved Universe at a crucial time of ~4 Gyr ago ($z$ ~ 0.3) when simulations predict the greatest diversity in evolutionary pathways for galaxies. We investigate the radial trends in the star formation (SF) activity and luminosity-weighted stellar ages as a function of offset from the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) for a total of 294 galaxies. Using both H$α$ emission and the 4000 Angstrom break (i.e., D4000) as star formation rate (SFR) tracers, we find overall flat radial profiles for galaxies lying on and above the SFMS, suggestive of physical processes that enhance/regulate SF throughout the entire galaxy disc. However, for galaxies lying below the SFMS, we find positive gradients in SF suggestive of inside-out quenching. Placing our results in context with results from other redshift regimes suggests an evolution in radial trends at $z$ ~ 0.3 for SF galaxies above the SFMS, from uniformly enhanced SF at $z$ ~ 1 and $z$ ~ 0.3 to centrally enhanced SF at $z$ ~ 0 (when averaged over a wide range of mass). We also capture higher local SFRs for galaxies below the SFMS compared to that of $z$ ~ 0, which can be explained by a larger population of quenched satellites in the local Universe and/or different treatments of limitations set by the D4000-sSFR relation.

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arXiv2024

The mass-metallicity and fundamental metallicity relations in non-AGN and AGN-host galaxies

Galaxies' stellar masses, gas-phase oxygen abundances (metallicity), and star formation rates (SFRs) obey a series of empirical correlations, most notably the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and fundamental metallicity relation (FZR), which relates oxygen abundance to a combination of stellar mass and SFR. However, due to the difficulty of measuring oxygen abundances and SFRs in galaxies that host powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN), to date it is unknown to what extent AGN-host galaxies also follow these correlations. In this work, we apply Bayesian methods to the MaNGA integral field spectrographic (IFS) survey that allow us to measure oxygen abundances and SFRs in AGN hosts, and use these measurements to explore how the MZR and FZR differ between galaxies that do and do not host AGN. We find similar MZRs at stellar masses above $10^{10.5} \mathrm{M}_\odot$, but that at lower stellar masses AGN hosts show up to $\sim 0.2$ dex higher oxygen abundances. The offset in the FZR is significantly smaller, suggesting that the larger deviation in the MZR is a result of AGN-host galaxies having systematically lower SFRs at fixed stellar mass. However, within the AGN-host sample there is little correlation between SFR and oxygen abundance. These findings support a scenario in which an AGN can halt efficient gas accretion, which drives non-AGN host galaxies to both higher SFR and lower oxygen abundance, resulting in the galaxy evolving off the star-forming main sequence (SFMS). As a consequence, as the SFR declines for an individual system its metallicity remains mostly unchanged.

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arXiv2024

Cosmological evolution of metallicity correlation functions from the Auriga simulations

We study the cosmological evolution of the two-point correlation functions of galactic gas-phase metal distributions using the 28 simulated galaxies from the Auriga Project. Using mock observations of the $z = 0$ snapshots to mimic our past work, we show that the correlation functions of the simulated mock observations are well matched to the correlation functions measured from local galaxy surveys. This comparison suggests that the simulations capture the processes important for determining metal correlation lengths, the key parameter in metallicity correlation functions. We investigate the evolution of metallicity correlations over cosmic time using the true simulation data, showing that individual galaxies undergo no significant systematic evolution in their metal correlation functions from $z\sim 3$ to today. In addition, the fluctuations in metal correlation length are correlated with but lag ahead fluctuations in star formation rate. This suggests that re-arrangement of metals within galaxies occurs at a higher cadence than star formation activity, and is more sensitive to the changes of environment, such as galaxy mergers, gas inflows / outflows, and fly-bys.

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arXiv2024

The interplay between feedback, accretion, transport and winds in setting gas-phase metal distribution in galaxies

The recent decade has seen an exponential growth in spatially-resolved metallicity measurements in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies. To first order, these measurements are characterised by the slope of the radial metallicity profile, known as the metallicity gradient. In this work, we model the relative role of star formation feedback, gas transport, cosmic gas accretion, and galactic winds in driving radial metallicity profiles and setting the mass-metallicity gradient relation (MZGR). We include a comprehensive treatment of these processes by including them as sources that supply mass, metals, and energy to marginally unstable galactic discs in pressure and energy balance. We show that both feedback and accretion that can drive turbulence and enhance metal-mixing via diffusion are crucial to reproduce the observed MZGR in local galaxies. Metal transport also contributes to setting metallicity profiles, but it is sensitive to the strength of radial gas flows in galaxies. While the mass loading of galactic winds is important to reproduce the mass metallicity relation (MZR), we find that metal mass loading is more important to reproducing the MZGR. Specifically, our model predicts preferential metal enrichment of galactic winds in low-mass galaxies. This conclusion is robust against our adopted scaling of the wind mass-loading factor, uncertainties in measured wind metallicities, and systematics due to metallicity calibrations. Overall, we find that at $z \sim 0$, galactic winds and metal transport are more important in setting metallicity gradients in low-mass galaxies whereas star formation feedback and gas accretion dominate setting metallicity gradients in massive galaxies.

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arXiv2024

Lyman-alpha at Cosmic Noon II: The relationship between kinematics and Lyman-alpha in z~2-3 Lyman Break Galaxies

We report for the first time a relationship between galaxy kinematics and net Lyman-alpha equivalent width (net Lya EW) in star forming galaxies during the epoch of peak cosmic star formation. Building on the previously reported broadband imaging segregation of Lya-emitting and Lya-absorbing Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z~2 (Paper I in this series) and previously at z~3, we use the Lya spectral type classification method to study the relationship between net Lya EW and nebular emission-line kinematics determined from IFU spectroscopy. We show that z~2 and z~3 LBGs segregate in colour-magnitude space according to their kinematic properties and Lyman-alpha spectral type, and conclude that LBGs with Lya dominant in absorption are almost exclusively rotation-dominated (presumably disc-like) systems, and LBGs with Lya dominant in emission characteristically have dispersion-dominated kinematics. We quantify the relationship between the strength of rotational dynamic support and net Lya EW, and demonstrate the consistency of our result with other properties that scale with net Lya EW and kinematics. Based on these findings, we suggest a method by which large samples of rotation- and dispersion-dominated galaxies might be selected using broadband imaging in as few as three filters and/or net Lya EW alone. Application of this method will enable an understanding of galaxy kinematic behaviour over large scales in datasets from current and future large-area and all-sky photometric surveys that will select hundreds of millions of LBGs in redshift ranges from z~2-6 across many hundreds to thousands of Mpc. Finally, we speculate that the combination of our result linking net Lya EW and nebular emission-line kinematics with the known large-scale clustering behaviour of Lya-absorbing and Lya-emitting LBGs is evocative of a nascent morphology-density relation at z~2-3.

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arXiv2023

Detecting a disk bending wave in a barred-spiral galaxy at redshift 4.4

The recent discovery of barred spiral galaxies in the early universe ($z>2$) poses questions of how these structures form and how they influence galaxy evolution in the early universe. In this study, we investigate the morphology and kinematics of the far infrared (FIR) continuum and [CII] emission in BRI1335-0417 at $z\approx 4.4$ from ALMA observations. The variations in position angle and ellipticity of the isophotes show the characteristic signature of a barred galaxy. The bar, $3.3^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$ kpc long in radius and bridging the previously identified two-armed spiral, is evident in both [CII] and FIR images, driving the galaxy's rapid evolution by channelling gas towards the nucleus. Fourier analysis of the [CII] velocity field reveals an unambiguous kinematic $m=2$ mode with a line-of-sight velocity amplitude of up to $\sim30-40$ km s$^{-1}$; a plausible explanation is the disk's vertical bending mode triggered by external perturbation, which presumably induced the high star formation rate and the bar/spiral structure. The bar identified in [CII] and FIR images of the gas-rich disk galaxy ($\gtrsim 70$\% of the total mass within radius $R\approx 2.2$ disk scale lengths) suggests a new perspective of early bar formation in high redshift gas-rich galaxies -- a gravitationally unstable gas-rich disk creating a star-forming gaseous bar, rather than a stellar bar emerging from a pre-existing stellar disk. This may explain the prevalent bar-like structures seen in FIR images of high-redshift submillimeter galaxies.

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arXiv2023

The MAGPI Survey: Effects of Spiral Arms on Different Tracers of the Interstellar Medium and Stellar Populations at z~0.3

Spiral structures are important drivers of the secular evolution of disc galaxies, however, the origin of spiral arms and their effects on the development of galaxies remain mysterious. In this work, we present two three-armed spiral galaxies at z~0.3 in the Middle Age Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey. Taking advantage of the high spatial resolution (~0.6'') of the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Unit (MUSE), we investigate the two-dimensional distributions of different spectral parameters: Halpha, gas-phase metallicity, and D4000. We notice significant offsets in Halpha (~0.2 dex) as well as gas-phase metallicities (~0.05 dex) among the spiral arms, downstream and upstream of MAGPI1202197197 (SG1202). This observational signature suggests the spiral structure in SG1202 is consistent with arising from density wave theory. No azimuthal variation in Halpha or gas-phase metallicities is observed in MAGPI1204198199 (SG1204), which can be attributed to the tighter spiral arms in SG1204 than SG1202, coming with stronger mixing effects in the disc. The absence of azimuthal D4000 variation in both galaxies suggests the stars at different ages are well-mixed between the spiral arms and distributed around the disc regions. The different azimuthal distributions in Halpha and D4000 highlight the importance of time scales traced by various spectral parameters when studying 2D distributions in spiral galaxies. This work demonstrates the feasibility of constraining spiral structures by tracing interstellar medium (ISM) and stellar population at z~0.3, with a plan to expand the study to the full MAGPI survey.

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arXiv2023

FRESCO: An extended, massive, rapidly rotating galaxy at z=5.3

With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at $z>5$ has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at $z>5$. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation yields $V_{rot} = 240\pm50$km/s and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of $r_e=2.25$kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size as may be expected in the early universe but rather a high total mass, ${\rm log(M}_{dyn}/{\rm M}_\odot)=11.0\pm0.2$. This is a factor of roughly 4x higher than the stellar mass within the effective radius. We also observe that the radial H$α$ equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling is centrally depressed by a factor of $\sim1.5$ from the center to $r_e$. Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside-out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z~2, the existence of one after only 1Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the universe.

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