arXiv subjects

Emmanuel Delande

Publications and source records attributed to Emmanuel Delande.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

A Physics-Informed Statistical Learning Model for Long-Term Fragmentation Cloud Propagation

This paper introduced a Hierarchical Generative Density Model (HGDM) for the long-term propagation of orbital fragmentation clouds. Validation against high-fidelity Monte Carlo simulations showed that the proposed surrogate accurately reproduces the dominant multidimensional structures of propagated clouds while consistently outperforming classical band-formation approximations based on independent angular variables. Accurate cloud reconstructions were obtained using only a few hundred to a few thousand propagated fragments, yielding reductions exceeding two orders of magnitude in computational cost and three orders of magnitude in storage requirements; future work will investigate its application to large-scale debris-environment evolution and collision-cascade simulations associated with the Kessler syndrome.

math.NA↗

arXiv2025

Probability of Collision with Tethered Spacecraft

This Engineering Note addresses the challenge of estimating the probability of collision for tethered spacecraft during close encounters with other space objects. Standard probability of collision methods, based on spherical hard-body assumptions, tend to be overly conservative when applied to long tether systems. We introduce a method that accounts for the tether's spatial extent and configuration uncertainty by maximizing the probability of collision over all physically admissible tether shapes. Applied to real-world conjunction events involving a kilometer-scale flexible inextensible tether, the method yields more realistic risk estimates. This approach improves the ability to distinguish hazardous from benign encounters, thereby supporting more informed collision avoidance decisions.

math.NA↗

arXiv2024

Efficient Multifidelity Uncertainty Propagation in the Presence of Process Noise

A multifidelity method for the nonlinear propagation of uncertainties in the presence of stochastic accelerations is presented. The proposed algorithm treats the uncertainty propagation (UP) problem by separating the propagation of the initial uncertainty from that of the process noise. The initial uncertainty is propagated using an adaptive Gaussian mixture model (GMM) method which exploits a low-fidelity dynamical model to minimize the computational costs. The effects of process noise are instead computed using the PoLynomial Algebra Stochastic Moments Analysis (PLASMA) technique, which considers a high-fidelity model of the stochastic dynamics. The main focus of the paper is on the latter and on the key idea to approximate the probability density function (pdf) of the solution by a polynomial representation of its moments, which are efficiently computed using differential algebra (DA) techniques. The two estimates are finally combined to restore the accuracy of the low-fidelity surrogate and account for both sources of uncertainty. The proposed approach is applied to the problem of nonlinear orbit UP and its performance compared to that of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.

math.NA↗

arXiv2023

A Multifidelity Approach to Robust Orbit Determination

This paper presents an algorithm for the preprocessing of observation data aimed at improving the robustness of orbit determination tools. Two objectives are fulfilled: obtain a refined solution to the initial orbit determination problem and detect possible outliers in the processed measurements. The uncertainty on the initial estimate is propagated forward in time and progressively reduced by exploiting sensor data available in said propagation window. Differential algebra techniques and a novel automatic domain splitting algorithm for second-order Taylor expansions are used to efficiently propagate uncertainties over time. A multifidelity approach is employed to minimize the computational effort while retaining the accuracy of the propagated estimate. At each observation epoch, a polynomial map is obtained by projecting the propagated states onto the observable space. Domains that do no overlap with the actual measurement are pruned thus reducing the uncertainty to be further propagated. Measurement outliers are also detected in this step. The refined estimate and retained observations are then used to improve the robustness of batch orbit determination tools. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated for a geostationary transfer orbit object using synthetic and real observation data from the TAROT network.

math.NA↗

arXiv2022

Decentralised possibilistic inference with applications to target tracking

Fusing and sharing information from multiple sensors over a network is a challenging task, partly due to the absence of a foundational rule for fusing probability distributions that preserves the independence of sources. To address this, we propose a decentralised inference framework based on possibility theory. Unlike probabilistic approaches that rely on ad-hoc averaging, we derive a principled fusion rule that is proven to be asymptotically exact, meaning it recovers the posterior of the optimal centralised possibilistic approach. We apply this rule to the possibilistic Bernoulli filter, leveraging its hierarchical nature to jointly infer data association and state estimation, distinct from standard decentralised Kalman filtering. We demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains the independence of local posteriors during fusion and, even under necessary approximations to handle Gaussian mixtures, significantly outperforms probabilistic geometric and arithmetic average fusion baselines in terms of cardinality and localisation error.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2022

Multifidelity Orbit Uncertainty Propagation using Taylor Polynomials

A new multifidelity method is developed for nonlinear orbit uncertainty propagation. This approach guarantees improved computational efficiency and limited accuracy losses compared to fully high-fidelity counterparts. The initial uncertainty is modeled as a weighted sum of Gaussian distributions whose number is adapted online to satisfy the required accuracy. As needed, univariate splitting libraries are used to split the mixture components along the direction of maximum nonlinearity. Differential Algebraic techniques are used to propagate these Gaussian kernels and compute a measure of nonlinearity required for the split decision and direction identification. Taylor expansions of the flow of the dynamics are computed using a low-fidelity dynamical model to maximize computational efficiency and corrected with selected high-fidelity samples to minimize accuracy losses. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated for different dynamical regimes combining SGP4 theory and numerical propagation as low- and high-fidelity models respectively.

math.NA↗

arXiv2020

Elements of asymptotic theory with outer probability measures

Outer measures can be used for statistical inference in place of probability measures to bring flexibility in terms of model specification. The corresponding statistical procedures such as Bayesian inference, estimators or hypothesis testing need to be analysed in order to understand their behaviour, and motivate their use. In this article, we consider a class of outer measures based on the supremum of particular functions that we refer to as possibility functions. We then characterise the asymptotic behaviour of the corresponding Bayesian posterior uncertainties, from which the properties of the corresponding maximum a posteriori estimators can be deduced. These results are largely based on versions of both the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem that are adapted to possibility functions. Our motivation with outer measures is through the notion of uncertainty quantification, where verification of these procedures is of crucial importance. These introduced concepts shed a new light on some standard concepts such as the Fisher information and sufficient statistics and naturally strengthen the link between the frequentist and Bayesian approaches.

math.ST↗

arXiv2018

Physics and Human-Based Information Fusion for Improved Resident Space Object Tracking

Maintaining a catalog of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) can be cast in a typical Bayesian multi-object estimation problem, where the various sources of uncertainty in the problem - the orbital mechanics, the kinematic states of the identified objects, the data sources, etc. - are modeled as random variables with associated probability distributions. In the context of Space Situational Awareness, however, the information available to a space analyst on many uncertain components is scarce, preventing their appropriate modeling with a random variable and thus their exploitation in a RSO tracking algorithm. A typical example are human-based data sources such as Two-Line Elements (TLEs), which are publicly available but lack any statistical description of their accuracy. In this paper, we propose the first exploitation of uncertain variables in a RSO tracking problem, allowing for a representation of the uncertain components reflecting the information available to the space analyst, however scarce, and nothing more. In particular, we show that a human-based data source and a physics-based data source can be embedded in a unified and rigorous Bayesian estimator in order to track a RSO. We illustrate this concept on a scenario where real TLEs queried from the U.S. Strategic Command are fused with realistically simulated radar observations in order to track a Low-Earth Orbit satellite.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2018

Fusion of finite set distributions: Pointwise consistency and global cardinality

A recent trend in distributed multi-sensor fusion is to use random finite set filters at the sensor nodes and fuse the filtered distributions algorithmically using their exponential mixture densities (EMDs). Fusion algorithms which extend the celebrated covariance intersection and consensus based approaches are such examples. In this article, we analyse the variational principle underlying EMDs and show that the EMDs of finite set distributions do not necessarily lead to consistent fusion of cardinality distributions. Indeed, we demonstrate that these inconsistencies may occur with overwhelming probability in practice, through examples with Bernoulli, Poisson and independent identically distributed (IID) cluster processes. We prove that pointwise consistency of EMDs does not imply consistency in global cardinality and vice versa. Then, we redefine the variational problems underlying fusion and provide iterative solutions thereby establishing a framework that guarantees cardinality consistent fusion.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2016

Multi-object filtering with stochastic populations

While the design of automated knowledge-based sensor scheduling is relevant to many multi-target detection and tracking problems, tracking algorithms are rarely built for this purpose and their outputs provide little flexibility for the design of sensor policies. In this paper, we present an estimation framework for stochastic populations in the context of multi-target estimation problems. Fully probabilistic in nature, it allows for the evaluation of the population of targets through statistical moments, as well as the assessment of sensor observations through information-theoretical gain functions. We present a principled solution derived from this framework addressing challenging multi-target scenarios involving missed detections and false alarms, the filter for Distinguishable and Independent Stochastic Populations, which propagates information on previously-detected targets as well as yet-to-be-detected targets while maintaining track continuity.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2014

Notes of the Summer School on Finite Set Statistics

This document contains the notes of some of the lectures given at the first summer school on Finite Set Statistics held in Edinburgh from July 22, 2013 to July 26, 2013. The notes are mostly self contained and are accessible to everyone.

math.PR↗

arXiv2013

Regional variance for multi-object filtering

Recent progress in multi-object filtering has led to algorithms that compute the first-order moment of multi-object distributions based on sensor measurements. The number of targets in arbitrarily selected regions can be estimated using the first-order moment. In this work, we introduce explicit formulae for the computation of the second-order statistic on the target number. The proposed concept of regional variance quantifies the level of confidence on target number estimates in arbitrary regions and facilitates information-based decisions. We provide algorithms for its computation for the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) and the Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density (CPHD) filters. We demonstrate the behaviour of the regional statistics through simulation examples.

stat.AP↗