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Emmanuel Grenier

Publications and source records attributed to Emmanuel Grenier.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2022

Long waves instabilities

The aim of this paper is to give a detailed presentation of long wave instabilities of shear layers for Navier Stokes equations, and in particular to give a simple and easy to read presentation of the study of Orr Sommerfeld equation and to detail the analysis of its adjoint. Using these analyses we prove the existence of long wave instabilities in the case of slowly rotating fluids, slightly compressible fluids and for Navier boundary conditions, under smallness conditions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2020

Plasma echoes near stable Penrose data

In this paper we construct particular solutions to the classical Vlasov-Poisson system near stable Penrose initial data on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}$ that are a combination of elementary waves with arbitrarily high frequencies. These waves mutually interact giving birth, eventually, to an infinite cascade of echoes of smaller and smaller amplitude. The echo solutions do not belong to the analytic or Gevrey classes studied by Mouhot and Villani, but do, nonetheless, exhibit damping phenomena for large times.

math.AP↗
arXiv2019

Sharp bounds for the resolvent of linearized Navier Stokes equations in the half space around a shear profile

In this paper, we derive sharp bounds on the semigroup of the linearized incompressible Navier-Stokes equations near a stationary shear layer in the half plane and in the half space ($\mathbb{R}_+^2$ or $\mathbb{R}_+^3$), with Dirichlet boundary conditions, assuming that this shear layer in spectrally unstable for Euler equations. In the inviscid limit, due to the prescribed no-slip boundary conditions, vorticity becomes unbounded near the boundary. The novelty of this paper is to introduce boundary layer norms that capture the unbounded vorticity and to derive sharp estimates on this vorticity that are uniform in the inviscid limit.

math.AP↗
arXiv2019

Generator functions and their applications

In [Grenier-Nguyen], we introduced so called {\em generators} functions to precisely follow the regularity of analytic solutions of Navier Stokes equations. In this short note, we give a presentation of these generator functions and use them to give existence results of analytic solutions to some classical equations, namely to hyperbolic equations, to incompressible Euler equations, and to hydrostatic Euler and Vlasov models. The use of these generator functions appear to be an alternative way to the use of the classical abstract Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem [Asano,Caflisch,Nirenberg,Safonov].

math.AP↗
arXiv2019

$L^\infty$ instability of Prandtl layers

In $1904$, Prandtl introduced his famous boundary layer in order to describe the behavior of solutions of incompressible Navier Stokes equations near a boundary as the viscosity goes to $0$. His Ansatz was that the solution of Navier Stokes equations can be described as a solution of Euler equations, plus a boundary layer corrector, plus a vanishing error term in $L^\infty$ in the inviscid limit. In this paper we prove that, for a class of smooth solutions of Navier Stokes equations, namely for shear layer profiles which are unstable for Rayleigh equations, this Ansatz is false if we consider solutions with Sobolev regularity, in strong contrast with the analytic case, pioneered by R.E. Caflisch and M. Sammartino \cite{SammartinoCaflisch1,SammartinoCaflisch2}. Meanwhile we address the classical problem of the nonlinear stability of shear layers near a boundary and prove that if a shear flow is spectrally unstable for Euler equations, then it is non linearly unstable for the Navier Stokes equations provided the viscosity is small enough.

math.AP↗
arXiv2019

Green function of Orr Sommerfeld equations away from critical layers

The classical Orr-Sommerfeld equations are the resolvent equations of the linearized Navier Stokes equations around a stationary shear layer profile in the half plane. In this paper, we derive pointwise bounds on the Green function of the Orr Sommerfeld problem away from its critical layers.

math.AP↗
arXiv2018

Linear inviscid damping and enhanced viscous dissipation of shear flows by using the conjugate operator method

We study the large time behavior of solutions to two-dimensional Euler and Navier-Stokes equations linearized about shear flows of the mixing layer type in the unbounded channel $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}$. Under a simple spectral stability assumption on a self-adjoint operator, we prove a local form of the linear inviscid damping that is uniform with respect to small viscosity. We also prove a local form of the enhanced viscous dissipation that takes place at times of order $ν^{-1/3}$, $ν$ being the small viscosity. To prove these results, we use a Hamiltonian approach, following the conjugate operator method developed in the study of Schrödinger operators, combined with a hypocoercivity argument to handle the viscous case.

math.AP↗
arXiv2017

Green function for linearized Navier-Stokes around a boundary layer profile: near critical layers

This is a continuation and completion of the program (initiated in \cite{GrN1,GrN2}) to derive pointwise estimates on the Green function and sharp bounds on the semigroup of linearized Navier-Stokes around a generic stationary boundary layer profile. This is done via a spectral analysis approach and a careful study of the Orr-Sommerfeld equations, or equivalently the Navier-Stokes resolvent operator $(λ- L)^{-1}$. The earlier work (\cite{GrN1,GrN2}) treats the Orr-Sommerfeld equations away from critical layers: this is the case when the phase velocity is away from the range of the background profile or when $λ$ is away from the Euler continuous spectrum. In this paper, we study the critical case: the Orr-Sommerfeld equations near critical layers, providing pointwise estimates on the Green function as well as carefully studying the Dunford's contour integral near the critical layers. As an application, we obtain pointwise estimates on the Green function and sharp bounds on the semigroup of the linearized Navier-Stokes problem near monotonic boundary layers that are spectrally stable to the Euler equations, complementing \cite{GrN1,GrN2} where unstable profiles are considered.

math.AP↗
arXiv2017

Sublayer of Prandtl boundary layers

The aim of this paper is to investigate the stability of Prandtl boundary layers in the vanishing viscosity limit: $ν\to 0$. In \cite{Grenier}, one of the authors proved that there exists no asymptotic expansion involving one Prandtl's boundary layer with thickness of order $\sqrtν$, which describes the inviscid limit of Navier-Stokes equations. The instability gives rise to a viscous boundary sublayer whose thickness is of order $ν^{3/4}$. In this paper, we point out how the stability of the classical Prandtl's layer is linked to the stability of this sublayer. In particular, we prove that the two layers cannot both be nonlinearly stable in $L^\infty$. That is, either the Prandtl's layer or the boundary sublayer is nonlinearly unstable in the sup norm.

math.AP↗
arXiv2016

Large time monotonicity of solutions of reaction-diffusion equations in R^N

In this paper, we consider nonnegative solutions of spatially heterogeneous Fisher-KPP type reaction-diffusion equations in the whole space. Under some assumptions on the initial conditions, including in particular the case of compactly supported initial conditions, we show that, above any arbitrary positive value, the solution is increasing in time at large times. Furthermore, in the one-dimensional case, we prove that, if the equation is homogeneous outside a bounded interval and the reaction is linear around the zero state, then the solution is time-increasing in the whole line at large times. The question of the monotonicity in time is motivated by a medical imagery issue.

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arXiv2014

Spectral stability of Prandtl boundary layers: an overview

In this paper we show how the stability of Prandtl boundary layers is linked to the stability of shear flows in the incompressible Navier Stokes equations. We then recall classical physical instability results, and give a short educational presentation of the construction of unstable modes for Orr Sommerfeld equations. We end the paper with a conjecture concerning the validity of Prandtl boundary layer asymptotic expansions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

Spectral instability of characteristic boundary layer flows

In this paper, we construct growing modes of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations about generic stationary shear flows of the boundary layer type in a regime of sufficiently large Reynolds number: $R \to \infty$. Notably, the shear profiles are allowed to be linearly stable at the infinite Reynolds number limit, and so the instability presented is purely due to the presence of viscosity. The formal construction of approximate modes is well-documented in physics literature, going back to the work of Heisenberg, C.C. Lin, Tollmien, Drazin and Reid, but a rigorous construction requires delicate mathematical details, involving for instance a treatment of primitive Airy functions and singular solutions. Our analysis gives exact unstable eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, showing that the solution could grow slowly at the rate of $e^{t/\sqrt {R}}$. A new, operator-based approach is introduced, avoiding to deal with matching inner and outer asymptotic expansions, but instead involving a careful study of singularity in the critical layers by deriving pointwise bounds on the Green function of the corresponding Rayleigh and Airy operators.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

Spectral instability of symmetric shear flows in a two-dimensional channel

This paper concerns spectral instability of shear flows in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with sufficiently large Reynolds number: $R\to \infty$. It is well-documented in the physical literature, going back to Heisenberg, C.C. Lin, Tollmien, Drazin and Reid, that generic plane shear profiles other than the linear Couette flow are linearly unstable for sufficiently large Reynolds number. In this work, we provide a complete mathematical proof of these physical results. In the case of a symmetric channel flow, our analysis gives exact unstable eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, showing that the solution could grow slowly at the rate of $e^{t/\sqrt {αR}}$, where $α$ is the small spatial frequency that remains between lower and upper marginal stability curves: $α_\mathrm{low}(R) \approx R^{-1/7}$ and $α_\mathrm{up}(R) \approx R^{-1/11}$. We introduce a new, operator-based approach, which avoids to deal with matching inner and outer asymptotic expansions, but instead involves a careful study of singularity in the critical layers by deriving pointwise bounds on the Green function of the corresponding Rayleigh and Airy operators.

math.AP↗