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Endre Szabó

Publications and source records attributed to Endre Szabó.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2024

Initiating the proof of the Liebeck--Nikolov--Shalev conjecture

Liebeck, Nikolov, and Shalev conjectured that for every subset A of a finite simple group S with |A|>1, there exist O( log|S| / log|A| ) conjugates of A whose product is S. This paper is a companion to [Lifshitz: Completing the proof of the Liebeck-Nikolov-Shalev conjecture] and together they prove the conjecture. In this paper we prove the conjecture in the regime where $|A|>|S|^c$ for an absolute constant c>0. We also prove that the following Skew Product Theorem holds for all finite simple groups. Namely we show that either the product of two conjugates of A has size at least $|A|^{1.49}$, or S is the product of boundedly many conjugates of A.

math.GR↗
arXiv2024

Growth in linear groups

We prove a conjecture of Helfgott on the structure of sets of bounded tripling in bounded rank, which states the following. Let $A$ be a finite symmetric subset of $\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbf{F})$ for any field $\mathbf{F}$ such that $|A^3| \leq K|A|$. Then there are subgroups $H \trianglelefteq Γ\trianglelefteq \langle A \rangle$ such that $A$ is covered by $K^{O_n(1)}$ cosets of $Γ$, $Γ/H$ is nilpotent of step at most $n-1$, and $H$ is contained in $A^{O_n(1)}$. This theorem includes the Product Theorem for finite simple groups of bounded rank as a special case. As an application of our methods we also show that the diameter of sufficiently quasirandom finite linear groups is poly-logarithmic.

math.GR↗
arXiv2023

On $p$-groups with a maximal elementary abelian normal subgroup of rank $k$

There are several results in the literature concerning $p$-groups $G$ with a maximal elementary abelian normal subgroup of rank $k$ due to Thompson, Mann and others. Following an idea of Sambale we obtain bounds for the number of generators etc. of a $2$-group $G$ in terms of $k$, which were previously known only for $p>2$. We also prove a theorem that is new even for odd primes. Namely, we show that if $G$ has a maximal elementary abelian normal subgroup of rank $k$, then for any abelian subgroup $A$ the Frattini subgroup $Φ(A)$ can be generated by $2k$ elements ($3k$ when $p=2$). The proof of this rests upon the following result of independent interest: If $V$ is an $n$-dimensional vector space, then any commutative subalgebra of End$(V)$ contains a zero algebra of codimension at most $n$.

math.GR↗
arXiv2023

Arrangements of translates of a curve

We show that there are five types of planar curves such that arrangements of its translates are combinatorially equivalent to an arrangement of lines. These curves can be used to define norms giving constructions with many unit distances among points in the plane.

math.CO↗
arXiv2022

The strong Massey vanishing conjecture for fields with virtual cohomological dimension at most $1$

We show that a strong vanishing conjecture for $n$-fold Massey products holds for fields of virtual cohomological dimension at most $1$ using a theorem of Haran. We also prove the same for PpC fields, using results of Haran--Jarden. Finally we construct a pro-$2$ group which satisfies the weak Massey vanishing property for every $n\geq3$, but does not satisfy the strong Massey vanishing property for $n=4$.

math.AG↗
arXiv2022

Finite subgroups of the homeomorphism group of a compact topological manifold are almost nilpotent

Around twenty years ago Ghys conjectured that finite subgroups of the diffeomorphism group of a compact smooth manifold M have an abelian normal subgroup of index at most a(M), where a(M) depends only on M. First we construct a family of counterexamples to this conjecture including, for example, the product space $T^2\times S^2$. Following the first appearance of our counterexample on the arXiv Ghys put forward a revised conjecture, which predicts only the existence of a nilpotent normal subgroup of index at most n(M). Our main result is the proof of the revised Ghys conjecture. More generally, we show that the same result holds for homeomorphism groups of not necessarily compact topological manifolds with finitely generated homology groups. Our proofs are based on finite group theoretic results which provide a general strategy for proving similar Jordan-type theorems.

math.GT↗
arXiv2017

Point-curve incidences in the complex plane

We prove an incidence theorem for points and curves in the complex plane. Given a set of $m$ points in ${\mathbb R}^2$ and a set of $n$ curves with $k$ degrees of freedom, Pach and Sharir proved that the number of point-curve incidences is $O\big(m^{\frac{k}{2k-1}}n^{\frac{2k-2}{2k-1}}+m+n\big)$. We establish the slightly weaker bound $O_\varepsilon\big(m^{\frac{k}{2k-1}+\varepsilon}n^{\frac{2k-2}{2k-1}}+m+n\big)$ on the number of incidences between $m$ points and $n$ (complex) algebraic curves in ${\mathbb C}^2$ with $k$ degrees of freedom. We combine tools from algebraic geometry and differential geometry to prove a key technical lemma that controls the number of complex curves that can be contained inside a real hypersurface. This lemma may be of independent interest to other researchers proving incidence theorems over ${\mathbb C}$.

math.CO↗
arXiv2014

Diffeomorphism Groups of Compact 4-manifolds are not always Jordan

We show that if $M$ is a compact smooth manifold diffeomorphic to the total space of an orientable $S^2$ bundle over the torus $T^2$, then its diffeomorphism group does not have the Jordan property, i.e., Diff$(M)$ contains a finite subgroup $G_n$ for any natural number $n$ such that every abelian subgroup of $G_n$ has index at leat $n$. This gives a counterexample to an old conjecture of Ghys.

math.DG↗
arXiv2014

Hyperlinearity, essentially free actions and $L^2$-invariants. The sofic property

We prove that Connes' Embedding Conjecture holds for the von Neumann algebras of sofic groups, that is sofic groups are hyperlinear. Hence we provide some new examples of hyperlinearity. We also show that the Determinant Conjecture holds for sofic groups as well. We introduce the notion of essentially free actions and amenable actions and study their properties.

math.GR↗
arXiv2013

On Triple Lines and Cubic Curves --- the Orchard Problem revisited

Planar point sets with many triple lines (which contain at least three distinct points of the set) have been studied for 180 years, started with Jackson and followed by Sylvester. Green and Tao has shown recently that the maximum possible number of triple lines for an n element set is [n(n - 3)/6] + 1. Here we address the related problem of describing the structure of the asymptotically near-optimal configurations, i.e., of those for which the number of straight lines, which go through three or more points, has a quadratic (i.e., best possible) order of magnitude. We pose the problem whether such point sets must always be related to cubic curves. To support this conjecture we settle various special cases; some of them are also related to the four-in-a-line problem of Erdős.

math.CO↗
arXiv2012

Growth in linear groups

We give a description of non-growing subsets in linear groups, which extends the Product theorem for simple groups of Lie type. We also give an account of various related aspects of growth in linear groups.

math.GR↗
arXiv2012

On the product decomposition conjecture for finite simple groups

We prove that if $G$ is a finite simple group of Lie type and $S$ a subset of $G$ of size at least two then $G$ is a product of at most $c\log|G|/\log|S|$ conjugates of $S$, where $c$ depends only on the Lie rank of $G$. This confirms a conjecture of Liebeck, Nikolov and Shalev in the case of families of simple groups of Lie type of bounded rank.

math.GR↗
arXiv2011

Growth in finite simple groups of Lie type of bounded rank

We prove that if L is a finite simple group of Lie type and A a symmetric set of generators of L, then A grows i.e |AAA| > |A|^{1+epsilon} where epsilon depends only on the Lie rank of L, or AAA=L. This implies that for a family of simple groups L of Lie type of bounded rank the diameter of any Cayley graph is polylogarithmic in |L|. We obtain a similar bound for the diameters of all Cayley graphs of perfect subgroups of GL(n,p) generated by their elements of order p. We also obtain some new families of expanders. We also prove the following partial extension. Let G be a subgroup of GL(n,p), p a prime, and S a symmetric set of generators of G satisfying |S^3|\le K|S| for some K. Then G has two normal subgroups H\ge P such that H/P is soluble, P is contained in S^6 and S is covered by K^c cosets of H where c depends on n. We obtain results of similar flavour for sets generating infinite subgroups of GL(n,F), F an arbitrary field.

math.GR↗
arXiv2010

Growth in finite simple groups of Lie type

We prove that if L is a finite simple group of Lie type and A a symmetric set of generators of L, then A grows i.e |AAA| > |A|^(1+epsilon) where epsilon depends only on the Lie rank of L, or AAA=L. This implies that for a family of simple groups L of Lie type the diameter of any Cayley graph is polylogarithmic in |L|. Combining our result on growth with known results of Bourgain,Gamburd and Varjú it follows that if LAMBDA is a Zariski-dense subgroup of SL(d,Z) generated by a finite symmetric set S, then for square-free moduli m which are relatively prime to some number m_0 the Cayley graphs Gamma(SL(d,m),pi_m(S)) form an expander family.

math.GR↗
arXiv2002

Rationally connected varieties over finite fields

Let X be a geometrically rational (or more generally, separably rationally connected) variety over a finite field K. We prove that if K is large enough then X contains many rational curves defined over K. As a consequence we prove that R-equivalence is trivial on X if K is large enough. These imply that if Y is defined over a local field and it has good, separably rationally connected reduction then the Chow group of zero cycles is trivial for any residue field. R-equivalence is also trivial if the residue field is large enough.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

Essential dimensions of algebraic groups and a resolution theorem for G-varieties

Let G be an algebraic group and let X be a generically free G-variety. We show that X can be transformed, by a sequence of blowups with smooth G-equivariant centers, into a G-variety X' with the following property: the stabilizer of every point of X' is isomorphic to a semidirect product of a unipotent group U and a diagonalizable group A. As an application of this and related results, we prove new lower bounds on essential dimensions of some algebraic groups. We also show that certain polynomials in one variable cannot be simplified by a Tschirnhaus transformation.

math.AG↗
arXiv1999

Fixed points of group actions and rational maps

The aim of this note is to give simple proofs of some results of Reichstein and Youssin (math.AG/9903162) about the behaviour of fixed points of finite group actions under rational maps. Our proofs work in any characteristic. We also give a short proof of the Nishimura lemma.

math.AG↗