arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Enrico Valdinoci.
We consider an integral equation in the plane, in which the leading operator is of convolution type, and we prove that monotone (or stable) solutions are necessarily one-dimensional.
We consider here solutions of the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation $$ε^{2s}(-Δ)^s u+V(x)u=u^p.$$ We show that concentration points must be critical points for $V$. We also prove that, if the potential $V$ is coercive and has a unique global minimum, then ground states concentrate suitably at such minimal point as $ε$ tends to zero. In addition, if the potential $V$ is radial, then the minimizer is unique provided $ε$ is small.
We investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of fractional parabolic equations satisfying prescribed pointwise conditions at infinity (in space), which can be time- dependent. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behaviour of such solutions. We also consider solutions of elliptic equations satisfying appropriate conditions at infinity.
In this paper we consider a reaction-diffusion equation of Fisher-KPP type inside an infinite cylindrical domain in $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}$, coupled with a reaction-diffusion equation on the boundary of the domain, where potentially fast diffusion is allowed. We will study the existence of an asymptotic speed of propagation for solutions of the Cauchy problem associated with such system, as well as the dependence of this speed on the diffusivity at the boundary and the amplitude of the cylinder. When $N=1$ the domain reduces to a strip between two straight lines. This models the effect of two roads with fast diffusion on a strip-shaped field bounded by them.
We prove for some singular kernels $K(x,y)$ that viscosity solutions of the integro-differential equation $\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \left[u(x+y)+u(x-y)-2u(x)\right]\,K(x,y)dy=f(x)$ locally belong to some Gevrey class if so does $f$. The fractional Laplacian equation is included in this framework as a special case.
We show that we can approximate every function $f\in C^{k}(\bar{B_1})$ with a $s$-harmonic function in $B_1$ that vanishes outside a compact set. That is, $s$-harmonic functions are dense in $C^{k}_{\rm{loc}}$. This result is clearly in contrast with the rigidity of harmonic functions in the classical case and can be viewed as a purely nonlocal feature.
We consider a possibly anisotropic integro-differential semilinear equation, run by a nondecreasing and nontrivial nonlinearity. We prove that if the solution grows at infinity less than the order of the operator, then it must be constant.
In this paper we show a density property for fractional weighted Sobolev spaces. That is, we prove that any function in a fractional weighted Sobolev space can be approximated by a smooth function with compact support. The additional difficulty in this nonlocal setting is caused by the fact that the weights are not necessarily translation invariant.
We consider the Wulff-type energy functional $$ \mathcal{W}_Ω(u) := \int_ΩB(H(\nabla u (x))) - F(u(x)) \, dx, $$ where $B$ is positive, monotone and convex, and $H$ is positive homogeneous of degree 1. The critical points of this functional satisfy a possibly singular or degenerate, quasilinear equation in an anisotropic medium. We prove that the gradient of the solution is bounded at any point by the potential $F(u)$ and we deduce several rigidity and symmetry properties.
We consider possibly degenerate and singular elliptic equations in a possibly anisotropic medium. We obtain monotonicity results for the energy density, rigidity results for the solutions and classification results for the singularity/degeneracy/anisotropy allowed. As far as we know, these results are new even in the case of non-singular and non-degenerate anisotropic equations.
We introduce a new Neumann problem for the fractional Laplacian arising from a simple probabilistic consideration, and we discuss the basic properties of this model. We can consider both elliptic and parabolic equations in any domain. In addition, we formulate problems with nonhomogeneous Neumann conditions, and also with mixed Dirichlet and Neumann conditions, all of them having a clear probabilistic interpretation. We prove that solutions to the fractional heat equation with homogeneous Neumann conditions have the following natural properties: conservation of mass inside $Ω$, decreasing energy, and convergence to a constant as $t\to \infty$. Moreover, for the elliptic case we give the variational formulation of the problem, and establish existence of solutions. We also study the limit properties and the boundary behavior induced by this nonlocal Neumann condition. For concreteness, one may think that our nonlocal analogue of the classical Neumann condition~$\partial_νu=0$ on~$\partialΩ$ consists in the nonlocal prescription $$ \int_Ω\frac{u(x)-u(y)}{|x-y|^{n+2s}}\,dy=0 \ {\mbox{ for }} x\in\R^n\setminus\overlineΩ.$$
We study bounded, monotone solutions of$Δu=W'(u)$ in the whole of$\R^n$, where$W$ is a double-well potential. We prove that under suitable assumptions on the limit interface and on the energy growth, $u$ is $1$D. In particular, differently from the previous literature, the solution is not assumed to have minimal properties and the cases studied lie outside the range of $Γ$-convergence methods. We think that this approach could be fruitful in concrete situations, where one can observe the phase separation at a large scale and whishes to deduce the values of the state parameter in the vicinity of the interface. As a simple example of the results obtained with this point of view, we mention that monotone solutions with energy bounds, whose limit interface does not contain a vertical line through the origin, are $1$D, at least up to dimension 4.
We study a parabolic differential equation whose solution represents the atom dislocation in a crystal for a general type of Peierls-Nabarro model with possibly long range interactions and an external stress. Differently from the previous literature, we treat here the case in which such dislocation is not the superpositions of transitions all occurring with the same orientations (i.e. opposite orientations are allowed as well).
We characterize the volume-constrained minimizers of a nonlocal free energy given by the difference of the $t$-perimeter and the $s$-perimeter, with $s$ smaller than $t$. Exploiting the quantitative fractional isoperimetric inequality, we show that balls are the unique minimizers if the volume is sufficiently small, depending on $t-s$, while the existence vs. nonexistence of minimizers for large volumes remains open. We also consider the corresponding isoperimetric problem and prove existence and regularity of minimizers for all $s,\,t$. When $s=0$ this problem reduces to the fractional isoperimetric problem, for which it is well known that balls are the only minimizers.
For a smooth, bounded domain $Ω$, $s\in(0,1)$, $p\in \left(1,\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}\right)$ we consider the nonlocal equation $$ ε^{2s} (-Δ)^s u+u=u^p \quad {\mbox{in}}Ω$$ with zero Dirichlet datum and a small parameter $ε>0$. We construct a family of solutions that concentrate as $ε\to 0$ at an interior point of the domain in the form of a scaling of the ground state in entire space. Unlike the classical case $s=1$, the leading order of the associated reduced energy functional in a variational reduction procedure is of polynomial instead of exponential order on the distance from the boundary, due to the nonlocal effect. Delicate analysis is needed to overcome the lack of localization, in particular establishing the rather unexpected asymptotics for the Green function of $ ε^{2s} (-Δ)^s +1$ in the expanding domain $ε^{-1}Ω$ with zero exterior datum.
We investigate uniqueness, in suitable weighted Lebesgue spaces, of solutions to a class of fractional parabolic and elliptic equations.
We consider the equation $$v_t=L_s v-W'(v)+σ_ε(t,x) \quad {\mbox{ in }} (0,+\infty)\times\R,$$ where $L_s$ is an integro-differential operator of order $2s$, with $s\in(0,1)$, $W$ is a periodic potential, and $σ_ε$ is a small external stress. The solution $v$ represents the atomic dislocation in the Peierls--Nabarro model for crystals, and we specifically consider the case $s\in(0,1/2)$, which takes into account a strongly nonlocal elastic term. We study the evolution of such dislocation function for macroscopic space and time scales, namely we introduce the function $$ v_ε(t,x):=v\left(\frac{t}{ε^{1+2s}},\frac{x}ε\right). $$ We show that, for small $ε$, the function $v_ε$ approaches the sum of step functions. From the physical point of view, this shows that the dislocations have the tendency to concentrate at single points of the crystal, where the size of the slip coincides with the natural periodicity of the medium. We also show that the motion of these dislocation points is governed by an interior repulsive potential that is superposed to an elastic reaction to the external stress.
We consider the equation $\Ds u+u=u^p$, with $s\in(0,1)$ in the subcritical range of $p$. We prove that if $s$ is sufficiently close to 1 the equation possesses a unique minimizer, which is nondegenerate.