arXiv subjects

Esther Brown

Publications and source records attributed to Esther Brown.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

From Wearable Data to Personalized and Actionable Health Insights

Commercial wearable devices continuously capture rich physiological data (e.g., heart rate, respiration), opening new possibilities for monitoring health conditions, notably around stress. Despite their promise, turning raw wearable physiological data streams into visualizations that surface stress-related insights in daily activities, and that ultimately foster reflection, awareness, and better stress management, remains a significant challenge. The data are noisy and context-dependent: the same spike in heart rate can come from sprinting, a tense presentation, or laughing with friends. To address these challenges, we propose a framework that combines user annotations with wearable data to support better stress management. We introduce a web framework offering interactive visualizations that layer daily activities, stress events, and interventions onto raw physiological streams, enabling users to reflect and identify trends. In a four-week pilot with seven university graduate and undergraduate student participants who logged 269 events, our tool revealed patterns between different types of interventions and stress: social interaction reduced average heart rate by 4.35 to 5.0 beats per minute, deliberate rest reduced average Garmin stress scores by 10.03 to 13.83 points, and mindfulness activities decreased average HRV by 6.61 to 13.22 milliseconds.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2026

Personalized and Context-Aware Transformer Models for Predicting Post-Intervention Physiological Responses from Wearable Sensor Data

Consumer wearables enable continuous measurement of physiological data related to stress and recovery, but turning these streams into actionable, personalized stress-management recommendations remains a challenge. In practice, users often do not know how a given intervention, defined as an activity intended to reduce stress, will affect heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), or inter-beat intervals (BBI) over the next 15 to 120 minutes. We present a framework that predicts post-intervention trajectories and the direction of change for these physiological indicators across time windows. Our methodology combines a Transformer model for multi-horizon trajectories of percent change relative to a pre-intervention baseline, direction-of-change calls (positive, negative, or neutral) at each horizon, and an empirical study using wearable sensor data overlaid with user-tagged events and interventions. This proof of concept shows that personalized post-intervention prediction is feasible. We encourage future integration into stress-management tools for personalized intervention recommendations tailored to each person's day following further validation in larger studies and, where applicable, appropriate regulatory review.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2024

A Sim2Real Approach for Identifying Task-Relevant Properties in Interpretable Machine Learning

Explanations of an AI's function can assist human decision-makers, but the most useful explanation depends on the decision's context, referred to as the downstream task. User studies are necessary to determine the best explanations for each task. Unfortunately, testing every explanation and task combination is impractical, especially considering the many factors influencing human+AI collaboration beyond the explanation's content. This work leverages two insights to streamline finding the most effective explanation. First, explanations can be characterized by properties, such as faithfulness or complexity, which indicate if they contain the right information for the task. Second, we introduce XAIsim2real, a pipeline for running synthetic user studies. In our validation study, XAIsim2real accurately predicts user preferences across three tasks, making it a valuable tool for refining explanation choices before full studies. Additionally, it uncovers nuanced relationships, like how cognitive budget limits a user's engagement with complex explanations -- a trend confirmed with real users.

cs.HC↗